Community supported agriculture farmers' perceptions of management benefits and drawbacks

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a direct partnership between producer(s) and a group of consumers/members to share the risks and responsibilities of farming activities. CSA aims at producing and providing environmentally, socially, economically, and nutritionally sustainable food. Past research has focused on CSA members\u2019 motivations. This research aims to gain a better understanding of CSA farmers\u2019 perceived benefits and drawbacks in managing a CSA farm, and whether CSA management perception varies in dierent countries. The research collected data from 35 farmers that were based in the United States (US) and Hungary (HU). Data elaboration includes a one-way Anova test, Chi-square test, principal component analysis, and multiple multivariate linear regressions. The results support that US and HU farmers have similar positive perceptions of CSA farming management, especially in food quality, nutritional value products, environmental, and community benefits. The main dierences concentrate on economic, financial, and management perceptions. CSA success as an alternative agro-food production and distribution system relies on the capability to involve CSA members. Therefore, CSA farmers\u2019 management skills may evolve to ensure the performance of communication and community engaging practices. The main CSA concern is ensuring a fair income and living wage for the farmers and labor force. There is a need for better balancing non-monetary and monetary benefits for the farmers

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT DESA PISAK TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN MODEL DESA KONSERVASI

Disturbance to protected areas Nyiut Mountain Nature Reserve from the village who lives close to the nature reserve, one of which is the village Pisak. Almost all conservation areas in Indonesia are in a strong pattern of interaction with the people living around them. Where the people living around the conservation area still rely on life in the forest. One of the activities undertaken by BKSDA as a form of activities in forest conservation is to make the Model Village Conservation Village as one of the first step in the community empowerment that is located around the conservation area of Gunung Nyiut Nature Reserve. The method used was a survey method with interview-assisted questionnaire. Determination of the number of respondents using Slovin formula and its determition by purposive sampling. Data analysis using Chi Square formula. Perception of community pisak village towards Management of Village Conservation Models in Nyiut Mountain Nature Reserve tend to be different. Perception of community on the management of conservation village ,odels are likely to be positive. It is proven that as many as 39 respondents ( 44,32 %) has a positive perception on the management of the Village Conservation Model conducted in Pisak village, in addition to greatly helping the community burden to get clean water, also assist in the preservation of the area they occupy today. There is a significant correlation between knowledge and cosmopolitan factors with community perception factor, but there is no correlation between age factor and perception of Pisak villagers towards the management of Village Conservation Model conducted in Pisak village.Keywords: Model Desa Konservasi, Perception, Pisak Village

Local Community Involvement In Ecotourism Activities And Their Perceptions On Collaboration Management In Bhawal National Park, Bangladesh

This study investigated the local community involvement in collaboration management of Bhawal National Park (BNP), Bangladesh. A survey was conducted from December 2006 to February 2007. A total of 215 respondents comprising the personnel of the National Park management (government staff) and local communities living surrounding park areas including people working in the park as nature tourist guides, in food supply and tourist transportation were surveyed. The main objective of this study was to determine local community involvement in resource protection for ecotourism through a collaborative management arrangement. The survey was administered using structured interview questionnaires to obtain the respondents opinions (perceptions) by using convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire covers the perceptions regarding tourism or specifically ecotourism activities, park management problems, impacts on natural resources, relationship of the local community with the park administration including their level ofparticipation and their willingness to take part in collaborative management of the national park. Various statistical analysis namely Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), descriptive statistics, Chi-square (χ²) test of Independence, non-parametric test such as Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test, factor analysis and finally regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to develop index of key variables to be considered in measuring differences in collaborative management factors. The study finds that the ecotourism activities are mainly carried out by the park administration. The main problems faced are shortage of manpower to manage the area, grazing, boundary conflict with the local community, land ownership conflicts with the local community (private lands in the park), illegal settlement and illegally cutting of trees. Tourism impacts such as degradation of ground cover plants, disturbances of wildlife, littering, noise and water pollution are widespread. Results of χ² test showed that the relationship between the local community and park administration is not significant where their participation in the management is minimal. The park usually carried out its management and decisions making process independently and the opinion of the local community is not taken into consideration in such processes. The results of factor analysis showed that the collaborative management factors of Bhawal National Park include joint action management (JAM) (Eigen value: 1.822), shared decision making (SDM) (Eigen value: 1.608) and training and delivery of indigenous knowledge (TDIK) (Eigen value: 1.518). In further analysis, influences of respondents’ demographic background on their perceptions on collaboration management were measured using OLS regression method. The explanatory variables include age, income, education, distance of residence from the national park boundary and main occupation in addition. Results of the regression analysis showed that respondents’ socio-demographic backgrounds such as income, education and occupation have significant relationships with collaborative management variables such as training and sharing of indigenous knowledge (TDIK). The overall findings of the study provide support for the involvement of local community in national park management such as the national parks’ land management, protection of national park resources, ecotourism practices and its overall development

Consultation outcomes for musculoskeletal conditions at two community health centres in Cape Town

Objectives: To compare the proportion of patients with documented diagnoses and management plans when they presented with musculoskeletal complaints at two community health centres (CHCs) using two models of care: one with a rheumatology outreach service and the other with none. Secondly, to describe the profile of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who attended the CHC with the outreach service. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Heidelberg Community Health Centre and Vanguard Community Health Centre, Cape Town. Subjects: A group of 59 patients at each CHC were compared regarding engagement of their musculoskeletal complaints by doctors and clinical nurse practitioners (CNPs). Secondly, 24 RA patients who attended Heideveld CHC were profiled. Results: A comparison of the “overall engagement” between the two CHCs [risk difference (RD) -0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.17–0.05, odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51–1.24, chi-square 0.82, p-value 0.36] was not significantly different. Comparison between doctors (RD -0.05, 95% CI: -0.05–0.08, OR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.46–1.40, chi-square 0.41, p-value 0.52) was also not significantly different. The comparison between the CNPs at the two CHCs was statistically significant (RD 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.45, OR 8.37, 95% CI: 1.05–66.60, Fisher's exact test 0.01), but the CI around OR was large. Patients with RA had a mean age of 60 years, an average of two co-morbidities and an average of three annual clinic visits. Eighty- three per cent resided in the drainage area of the clinic. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in engagement between the CHCs. The potential that CNPs seemed to show of being positively influenced by the outreach service should be further researched. Patients with RA had co- morbidities that required management at primary healthcare level

Consultation outcomes for musculoskeletal conditions at two community health centres in Cape Town

Objectives: To compare the proportion of patients with documented diagnoses and management plans when they presented with musculoskeletal complaints at two community health centres (CHCs) using two models of care: one with a rheumatology outreach service and the other with none. Secondly, to describe the profile of patients with  rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who attended the CHC with the outreach service.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Heidelberg Community Health Centre and Vanguard Community Health Centre, Cape Town.Subjects: A group of 59 patients at each CHC were compared regarding engagement of their musculoskeletal complaints by doctors and clinical nurse practitioners (CNPs). Secondly, 24 RA patients who attended Heideveld CHC were profiled.Results: A comparison of the “overall engagement” between the two CHCs [risk difference (RD) -0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.17-0.05, odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% CI: 0.51-1.24, chi-square 0.82, p-value 0.36] was not significantly different. Comparison between doctors (RD -0.05, 95% CI: -0.05-0.08, OR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.46-1.40, chi-square 0.41, p-value 0.52)was also not significantly different. The comparison between the CNPs at the two CHCs was statistically significant (RD 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.45, OR 8.37, 95% CI: 1.05-66.60, Fisher’s exact test 0.01), but the CI around OR was large. Patients with RA had a mean age of 60 years, an average of two co-morbidities and an average of three annual clinic visits. Eightythreeper cent resided in the drainage area of the clinic.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in engagement between the CHCs. The potential that CNPs seemed to show of being positively influenced by the outreach service should be further researched. Patients with RA had comorbidities that required management at primary healthcare level

Pengetahuan Dan Pengalaman Kepala Keluarga Berhubungan Dengan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Gempa Bumi

Large-scale disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods can occur in the province of Bengkulu. The National Disaster Management Agency documented earthquake disasters of high magnitude over ten years between 2010 and 2020, with impacts ranging from casualties to infrastructure damage. To reduce the disasters' impact, community preparedness is needed. This research aims to understand the relationship between knowledge and experience of disasters with the head of the family preparedness in the face of the danger of earthquakes in the Gulf of Sepang District, Bengkulu City. The descriptive-analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach was used. The study was conducted in May-July 2022 with a population of 899 household leaders in the Gulf of Sepang District, Bengkulu City. A large sample of 90 household leaders was selected using proportional sampling techniques. The univariate and bivariate data were analyzed using descriptive and Chi-square statistics. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge and preparedness (p-value = 0,001) with a strong coefficient contingency score (C = 0,653). There was a significant relationship between household leaders' experience and readiness (p-value = 0.001) with a strong coefficient contingency score (C = 0,603). Increasing the role of community leaders in developing community-based disaster management initiatives to reduce the impact of disasters is recommended

Step-wedge cluster-randomised community-based trials: An application to the study of the impact of community health insurance

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.BACKGROUND: We describe a step-wedge cluster-randomised community-based trial which has been conducted since 2003 to accompany the implementation of a community health insurance (CHI) scheme in West Africa. The trial aims at overcoming the paucity of evidence-based information on the impact of CHI. Impact is defined in terms of changes in health service utilisation and household protection against the cost of illness. Our exclusive focus on the description and discussion of the methods is justified by the fact that the study relies on a methodology previously applied in the field of disease control, but never in the field of health financing. METHODS: First, we clarify how clusters were defined both in respect of statistical considerations and of local geographical and socio-cultural concerns. Second, we illustrate how households within clusters were sampled. Third, we expound the data collection process and the survey instruments. Finally, we outline the statistical tools to be applied to estimate the impact of CHI. CONCLUSION: We discuss all design choices both in relation to methodological considerations and to specific ethical and organisational concerns faced in the field. On the basis of the appraisal of our experience, we postulate that conducting relatively sophisticated trials (such as our step-wedge cluster-randomised community-based trial) aimed at generating sound public health evidence, is both feasible and valuable also in low income settings. Our work shows that if accurately designed in conjunction with local health authorities, such trials have the potential to generate sound scientific evidence and do not hinder, but at times even facilitate, the implementation of complex health interventions such as CHI

Environmental performance outcomes and indicators for indigenous peoples: Review of literature

The literature review in this report was the starting point for developing a Māori research strand (2003-2009) within the Planning Under Co-operative Mandates (PUCM) research programme (1995-2009). An early task of the PUCM Māori team was to review the international literature on environmental outcomes and indicators for indigenous peoples. This was in order to gain an understanding of what had been written on the subject and to become familiar with approaches taken by others that might provide lessons for the development of our proposed kaupapa Māori outcomes and indicators framework and methodology, which was aimed at local government performance in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This current report is not intended to provide an exhaustive catalogue of writings on environmental performance outcomes and indicators for indigenous peoples, including Māori. Rather, some of the more obvious and important writings are noted as a ready reference for others interested in this topic. Before detailing the approach we took in carrying out the review, the key terms, outcomes and indicators, are defined