African management principles within the Community Bank.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Management (Human Resources).The research exposes a developing African Management model, within a case study framework, and deals with its management approach, structures and processes. Through the qualitative research methodology employed sufficient evidence was found to suggest that African Management is (I) eclectic in nature, embracing Lessem's (1990a, 1990b, 1993a, 1993b) constructs of 'Western' empiricism, 'Northern' rationalism, 'Eastern' idealism and 'Southern' humanism in a dynamic whole: (2) that the natural lnclination of organisations and/or sections thereof operating within an environment of collective consciousness is toward a 'Southern' humanistic orientation as opposed to a 'Western' primal, 'Nortnern' rational, or 'Eastern' developmental bias; (3) that such 'Southerness' is pre-eminently concerned with themes of voluntary subordination of self-interest to communal Objectives, rights and obligations, relationships built on trust, community ownership, inclusive and transparent arrangements, democratic decision making processes, celebration, humanistic values, primacy of language and African humility; further to which (4) the pathological down side of over developed 'Southern' humanism - at the expense of 'Western' emplrlcism, 'Northern' rationalism and Eastern' idealism - is heightened expectation, prolonged consultation, favouritism, patronage, and nepotism.Andrew Chakane 201

21st Annual Conference on Legal Issues For Financial Institutions

Materials from the 21st Annual Conference on Legal Issues For Financial Institutions held by UK/CLE in April of 2001

Financial exclusion and banking regulations in the United Kingdom: a template analysis.

This thesis examines the self-regulatory nature of the United Kingdom banking industry in relation to its effectiveness at promoting financial inclusion. This exploration is conducted through an examination of the changing culture of the banking industry from the 1600's to the present day whilst considering the effect banking regulation has played on financial exclusion and exploring the expectation gap between bank delivery and customer expectation. The thesis also examines in detail the characteristics of financial exclusion within the United Kingdom in relation to the self-regulatory mechanism, which regulates the industry, namely the Banking Code. Furthermore the thesis questions whether banks have a social responsibility towards customers who experience financial exclusion or difficulties. This thesis uses template analysis in order to analyse data collected through interviews and surveys.Through template analysis the researcher hasproduced two main templates which can be used to illustrate the process of the development of financial exclusion and its relationship with banking regulation. Stemming from these templates the thqsis puts forward four recommendations which could be adopted by the banking industry to help promote financial inclusion within the United Kingdom. The thesis makes two essential contributions to knowledge. The first is that financial exclusion has been explored using a novel methodology, namely, template analysis and a greater understanding of this social phenomenon has been uncovered. The second contribution to knowledge is that the research has shown there is an expectation gap between customer and banker which has arisen from the cultural evolution of the banking industry and in turn this has helped promulgate financial exclusion. Financial exclusion is therefore a complex and diverse problem. The findings in this thesis could be used for further research encompassing an international dimension as well as looking at other areas of the United Kingdom's financial service providers such as insurance. Therefore this piece of research can be used and adapted to examine further avenues of financial exclusion of a cross industry sector and global scale

Environmental policy implementation in developing countries

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 310-337).by John Kevin Gamman.Ph.D

Banking on climate change: the levers and limits of voluntarism and lessons for effective regulation

Climate change is as much an economic phenomenon as an environmental or moral one. Therefore, discussion of climate change mitigation needs to include the finance sector. Banks, in particular, are economic gatekeepers. Their day-to-day activities of financing, lending, investing, trading and advising bring them into frequent and direct contact with large corporations that are responsible for intensive global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the development of low-carbon technologies. This has two consequences, both of which make banks key players in the transition to a low-carbon economy. First, nearly all economic decisions made by banks will have indirect environmental impacts - for better or worse. Second, banks are optimally placed to enrol other corporate actors in GHG mitigation efforts. However, little research exists concerning whether, to what extent, or why banks would seek to facilitate climate change mitigation, especially when not compelled to do so. What makes this subject particularly important is that despite regulatory uncertainty on climate change at international and national levels, early-moving private sector banks are making voluntary climate-related changes to their business practices. Yet it remains unclear why they are doing so, and whether or how such 'enlightened' practices might become mainstreamed in the industry as a whole. The purpose of this dissertation is twofold. First, it answers the question of why early-moving private sector banks are adopting climate-related practices. It does so taking account of but going beyond the relevant literature on 'why companies go green', which is conceptualised through intra-organisational (micro), inter-organisational (meso) and socio-cultural (macro) theoretical lenses. In so doing, it employs a multiple case design and analyses interview data from seven early-moving or 'leading' banks to provide insights about internal and external influences on corporate environmental behaviour. Second, this dissertation draws implications from the empirical findings for: (a) the mainstreaming of 'enlightened' banking practices in the industry as a whole; and (b) effective climate finance policymaking. The findings in this dissertation demonstrate that the meso-level literature on the business case provides the most convincing explanation as to why early-moving banks are 'going green '. In so doing, a new taxonomy of corporate 'reputation' is proposed, which includes a new classification of 'client service reputation' with the established 'social reputation' as twin drivers of corporate greening. Equally as important, this dissertation demonstrates that ethical or 'corporate social responsibility' motivations do not drive corporate greening in the banking industry. Finally, this dissertation yields jurisdictionally-specific findings on how regulatory contexts shape corporate decision-making on climate change. In drawing implications from these findings, this dissertation shows that mainstreaming of purely voluntary 'leading' bank practices will probably occur over time incrementally, which will not assist the transition to a low-carbon economy fast or far enough. Therefore, this dissertation recommends that government regulatory intervention at the national/regional level is required, regardless of international agreement. Theories of 'new governance' and 'nudge economics' are used to suggest that indirect 'steering' regulation can expand clean energy markets while harnessing the business case imperative of banks to assist timely transition to a low-carbon global economy

Financial exclusion and banking regulations in the United Kingdom : a template analysis

This thesis examines the self-regulatory nature of the United Kingdom banking industry in relation to its effectiveness at promoting financial inclusion. This exploration is conducted through an examination of the changing culture of the banking industry from the 1600's to the present day whilst considering the effect banking regulation has played on financial exclusion and exploring the expectation gap between bank delivery and customer expectation. The thesis also examines in detail the characteristics of financial exclusion within the United Kingdom in relation to the self-regulatory mechanism, which regulates the industry, namely the Banking Code. Furthermore the thesis questions whether banks have a social responsibility towards customers who experience financial exclusion or difficulties. This thesis uses template analysis in order to analyse data collected through interviews and surveys.Through template analysis the researcher hasproduced two main templates which can be used to illustrate the process of the development of financial exclusion and its relationship with banking regulation. Stemming from these templates the thqsis puts forward four recommendations which could be adopted by the banking industry to help promote financial inclusion within the United Kingdom. The thesis makes two essential contributions to knowledge. The first is that financial exclusion has been explored using a novel methodology, namely, template analysis and a greater understanding of this social phenomenon has been uncovered. The second contribution to knowledge is that the research has shown there is an expectation gap between customer and banker which has arisen from the cultural evolution of the banking industry and in turn this has helped promulgate financial exclusion. Financial exclusion is therefore a complex and diverse problem. The findings in this thesis could be used for further research encompassing an international dimension as well as looking at other areas of the United Kingdom's financial service providers such as insurance. Therefore this piece of research can be used and adapted to examine further avenues of financial exclusion of a cross industry sector and global scale.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Changing the world or reacting to a changed world? : the global politics of population after the International Conference on Population and Development

This thesis explores the global politics of population and reproduction since 1994, when the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) was held in Cairo. The thesis is presented within the disciplinary framework of International Relations in the understanding that debates about population and reproduction are intensely political. The central question is "Did the ICPD change the world, and if not, why not?" based upon the statement made by Nafis Sadik who, in 1994, was the Executive Director of UNFPA. Sadik's statement reflected the views of many in the international women's health movement, which played a major role in setting the agenda for the ICPD, as the thesis outlines. The thesis is organised in six chapters, analysing the micro and macro aspects of ICPD's Programme of Action (POA). It explores the transformative aspects of ICPD which are found in its micro agenda of women's empowerment, reproductive rights and reproductive health. The key concepts are explored and debates about them within the broad and diverse feminist movement, as well as with the conservative opponents, are analysed in the thesis. The macro context necessary for the achievement of the POA's micro agenda was inadequately considered by the major players at ICPD and, hence, poorly covered in the POA. Development was given little attention, and the already weak concept of sustainable development was further compromised by its contextualisation within a framework of economic growth. Consequently, the thesis concludes, the transformative micro agenda was given no support by this part of the POA. The thesis tracks developments in global political economy which were occurring alongside the UN conferences of the 1990s. It focuses particularly on the World Bank, which is a major player in global population politics. Indonesia provides a case study of the impacts of global economic trends on reproductive health in a country with a population program which in 1994 was viewed as a model for other developing countries. The macro context is also determined by approaches to population in environmental discourses since the framework of sustainable development in which population was placed in 1994 combined environmental and economic objectives. Neo-Malthusian views have provided the 'common sense' approach to population, particularly within Northern environmental organisations, and key documents are trawled to discern whether these views have been modified within some environmental and population organisations. The thesis concludes by considering the contribution that the ICPD has made to population and broader debates and by assessing the contribution that topics related to population and reproduction can make to the discipline of International Relations. Throughout the thesis, the writings of Southern feminists are sought wherever possible, and the impacts of population and health policies on poor women are the main focus. As the people on the receiving end of population policies, the success of the conference is best measured by improvements in their health and their greater access to the conditions which enable them to exercise their reproductive and other human rights

Carmen Perez, Suing Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated v. Capital One Bank

Supreme Court of Virginiahttps://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/va-supreme-court-records-vol258/1069/thumbnail.jp