1,202 research outputs found

    The role of proximities in improving territorial governance

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    ReviewWhat can be done to improve territorial governance? André Torre and Jean-Eudes Beuret emphasise the role of proximity in this process, where conflict and negotiation are two sides of the same coin

    The emergence and renawal of forms of industrial coordination in the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA) région

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    Disponible en version françaiseDynamique territoriale; Reconversion industrielle; Système productif localisé; District industriel; Comparaison; Industrie de la microélectronique; Gardanne; Industrie de la construction navale; La Ciotat; Industrie aromatique et de la parfumerie; Grasse; Industrie agroalimentaire; Vallée du Rhône; Région PACA; France

    Identifying Cultural and Cognitive Proximity between Managers and Customers in Tornio and Haparanda Cross Border Region

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    Daily intercultural interactions in cross-border regions such as those between customers and managers can be a source of knowledge and ideas. However, such interactions can pose distinctive constraints and opportunities for learning and exchange of ideas. This study adopts a relatively fine–grained quantitative approach to study elements of cognitive and cultural proximity which have a major impact on these interactions. It is based on a survey of 91 managers of small service firms and 312 customers in the twin city of Tornio and Haparanda on the border between Finland and Sweden. Seven elements of proximity were identified and measured. Six elements of perceived cognitive and cultural proximity including values, conservative values towards new ideas, knowledge and use of technology, use of a foreign language, sufficiently focusing or providing specific details and ways of solving problems were found significant in terms of shaping perceptions of Swedish and Finnish managers and customers, which shape these interactions. The results enhance our understanding of how daily cross-border intercultural can be examined in the context of cross-border regional knowledge transfer

    The emergence and renawal of forms of industrial coordination in the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA) région

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    International audienceDans cette communication nous tenterons de mettre en évidence l'émergence et le renouvellement de "coordinations industrielles" telles que nous avons pu les analyser dans le cadre d'une recherche sur la transition/adaptation de quatre tissus productifs de la région PACA. Nous utiliserons le terme de "coordination industrielle" afin d'englober non seulement la notion de tissu d'entreprises mais aussi pour lui additionner les éléments qui contribuent à créer cette coordination que ce soit des éléments de "localisation", de "positionnement", "d'encastrement dans un faisceau d'interrelations" conditionnant "les activités productives et commerciales, mais aussi d'innovation". Le fil qui guidera l'écriture de cette communication sera celui de l'analyse des proximités, quelles soient sectorielles, territoriales ou personnelles. Nous les analyserons comme l'émergence et le renouvellement de "réseau d'interactions" qui se construisent et se dé-construisent pour aboutir ou non à des "coordinations industrielles" spontanées, sollicitées, attendues ou contraintes. Le terme "réseau d'interaction" sera également mobilisé dans le sens préconisé par l'appel d'offre soit comme : "Le lieu privilégié de mécanismes plus ou moins complexes de coordination". Trois axes majeurs guideront notre écriture pour analyser notre objet. Le premier axe consiste à identifier un événement fondateur (ou faisceau d'éléments convergents) qui crée les conditions de développement d'une "coordination industrielle". Au regard des quatre terrains étudiés il nous paraît évident qu'un événement a prévalu sur d'autres pour que se concrétisent des formes de coordination. La deuxième axe consiste à décrire le rôle des institutions dans le cadre de l'émergence ou le renouvellement d'une "coordination industrielle". Au regard des quatre terrains étudiés les institutions sont intervenues à des moments différents et surtout de façon très diversifiée. Il n'en demeure pas moins que leur intervention a des influences majeures sur les formes de coordination créant parfois des effets d'irréversibilité. Le troisième axe consiste à repérer une "échelle de l'innovation" celle qui permet à ce tissu émergent ou renouvelé de continuer à s'adapter ou non. Cette échelle est-elle basée sur des "réseaux d'interactions" informelles ou des coordinations sectorielles structurées. Notre objet d'analyse est le suivant, nous souhaitons repérer les "trajectoires" de ces "coordinations industrielles". Comprendre quelles sont les phases de maturation qui permettraient à une nouvelle "coordination industrielle" d'émerger et de se renouveler. Peut-on faire l'hypothèse d'un axe temporel dans l'émergence, l'imposition, la reconstruction et le "découplage" d'une "coordination industrielle". Pour cela nous tenterons de décrire ces "indicateurs" (correspondant aux trois axes proposés) dans leur contenu. De quoi sont-ils fait? Comment ils émergent ? Quand sont-ils mobilisés ? Où sont-il développés ? Nous le ferons de deux façon : concrètement au travers des cas étudiés et théoriquement en tentant une généralisation de ces effets "catalyseur", "révélateur", "fixateur" et "développeur"

    Creating Growth by Connecting PlaceBased Development Strategies

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    In the past years, the European Commission launched three thematic Smart Specialisation platforms to support interregional collaborations and to support European Union regions committed to co-invest jointly in strategic growth areas. The bottom up component in this process has resulted in a wide variety of industry-scientific partnerships at regional and transnational levels. These networks include regions, which are very different in terms of innovation ecosystems, but nevertheless connected through shared thematic focus enabling transnational processes of innovation. This paper explains how interregional partnerships build on the efforts and results achieved in national and regional research and innovation strategies for Smart Specialisation and how, as a result of this, new European innovation ecosystems are emerging. With reference to existing literature and experiences so far, the paper outlines a conceptual framework of how transnational cooperation may strengthen regional place-based development strategies and improve regional innovation capabilities. Key analytical concepts are proximity, knowledge complexity, entrepreneurial discovery processes, stakeholder analysis and cluster emergence.© European Union, 2020. The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.JRC Technical report JRC12224

    Science and Technology Cooperation in Cross-border Regions::A Proximity Approach with Evidence for Northern Europe

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    Given the sheer number of cross-border regions (CBRs) within the EU, their socio-economic importance has been recognized both by policy-makers and academics. Recently, the novel concept of cross-border regional innovation system has been introduced to guide the assessment of integration processes in CBRs. A central focus of this concept is set on analyzing the impact of varying types of proximity (cognitive, technological, etc.) on cross-border cooperation. Previous empirical applications of the concept have, however, relied on individual case studies and varying methodologies, thus complicating and constraining comparisons between different CBRs. Here a broader view is provided by comparing 28 Northern European CBRs. The empirical analysis utilizes economic, science and technology (S&T) statistics to construct proximity indicators and measures S&T integration in the context of cross-border cooperation. The findings from descriptive statistics and exploratory count data regressions show that technological and cognitive proximity measures are significantly related to S&T cooperation activities (cross-border co-publications and co-patents). Taken together, our empirical approach underlines the feasibility of utilizing the proximity approach for comparative analyses in CBR settings

    Rural Urbanity and Rural Metropolises as Emerging Patterns of Urban Growth

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    The processes of metropolitanization must explain if and how they concern some specific areas, how and if they primarily concern networks, hubs and nodes, pushing into the background the immediate territories of the metropolis. We assume that small-sized areas, in particular rural zones, could constitute a level of implementation of metropolitan processes. The study area for the empirical analysis reported here is the Regional Natural Reserve of Luberon. The phenomenon of diffuse metropolitanization is both appreciated in comparison to standard and innovative urban forms. The analyses of the structuring and the functioning of this rural area highlight the emergence of new patterns of urbanity and new territorial-type configuration, as the \"rural metropolis\". The notion of intensity and a set of social representations found the argumentation.Metropolitanization, Rural Areas, Rural Urbanity, Spatial Morphology, Emergence

    Standards behaviours face to innovation of the entrepreneurships of Beira Interior

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    Accord Aydalot (1986), the firm in no heaven-sent agent free to “choose” an environment, it is secrete by its environment. The firm is not an isolated innovative agent but is part of the milieu, which makes it act. The competitive and innovative performance of the territory, territories more or less competitive and innovative, requires persistence and participation of the different actors: companies, institutions of support and assistance to the company’s activity, public institutions. We do not have the ambition to cover the whole different actors, but illustrate the approach that reflect the better performance innovative of the companies is associate to different factors of the environment milieu and evaluate the determinant conditions of participation in innovation activities. Our purpose is to analyse the behaviour of the companies of 3 NUTS III of Beira Interior of Portugal, relatively to the innovative initiatives. We use a survey applied to vast set of companies. The methodology is based on the application of the multivariate statistics: k-means analysis clusters that allowed distinguish 3 standard behaviours from the companies. To classify the standard behaviour of the companies and identify the characteristics of each cluster, we applied the crosstabs and compare means. We consider the fowling attributes to the different clusters: process of innovation, the mechanisms of knowledge, the networks and the system of governance. These attributes will help to trace the profile of the innovative behaviours and to perceive which the factors or variables of the environment those are links with the best performance on innovation.

    A relational approach to studying collective action in dairy cooperatives producing mountain cheeses in the Alps: The case of the primiero cooperative in the Eastern Italians Alps

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    Compared with more productive areas, mountain areas are at risk of being marginalized, particularly in the agri-food sector. To circumvent price competition, local actors in the mountains can develop specialized local products, which depends on their capacity to act collectively. Collective action, however, is complex and needs to be better understood if it is to steer initiatives towards success. This article sets out a relational approach to studying collective action in a dairy cooperative located in a mountain area: The Primiero cooperative in the Italian Alps. The common pool resources and territorial proximity frameworks were combined in a social network analysis of advice interactions among producer members, and an analysis of trust and conflict among members and between members and other actors involved in the value chain. The results show that the success of collective action can be explained by various complementary factors. Firstly, members had dense relationships, with high levels of trust and reciprocity, while the president had the role of prestige-based leader. Nonetheless, the analysis also highlighted conflicts related to the production levels of “traditional” and “intensive” producers, although members demonstrated a high capacity to resolve conflicts by creating their own rules to control further intensification. Socio-economic status did not appear to play a role in advice relationships, showing that the members interact horizontally. However, the results show that the geographical isolation of some members tended to inhibit their commitment to the collective dynamics. At a higher level, trust toward other actors involved in the value chain plays a central role in carrying out joint projects to develop and promote cheese
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