92 research outputs found
A new method to analyse mosaics based on Symmetry Group theory applied to Islamic Geometric Patterns
[EN] This article presents a new method for analysing mosaics based on the mathematical principles of Symmetry Groups. This method has been developed to get the understanding present in patterns by extracting the objects that form them, their lattice, and the Wallpaper Group. The main novelty of this method resides in the creation of a higher level of knowledge based on objects, which makes it possible to classify the objects, to extract their main features (Point Group, principal axes, etc.), and the relationships between them. In order to validate the method, several tests were carried out on a set of Islamic Geometric Patterns from different sources, for which the Wallpaper Group has been successfully obtained in 85% of the cases. This method can be applied to any kind of pattern that presents a Wallpaper Group. Possible applications of this computational method include pattern classification, cataloguing of ceramic coatings, creating databases of decorative patterns, creating pattern designs, pattern comparison between different cultures, tile cataloguing, and so on.The authors wish to thank the Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife (Granada, Spain) and the Patronato del Real Alcázar de Sevilla (Seville, Spain) for their valuable collaboration in this research work.Albert Gil, FE.; Gomis Martí, JM.; Blasco, J.; Valiente González, JM.; Aleixos Borrás, MN. (2015). A new method to analyse mosaics based on Symmetry Group theory applied to Islamic Geometric Patterns. Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 130:54-70. doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2014.09.002S547013
Decorative design of ceramic tiles adapted to inkjet printing employing digital image processing
[ES] El sector productivo de pavimentos y revestimientos cerámicos es una industria muy competitiva. La capacidad de los diseñadores de ofrecer modelos con nuevos diseños de la cara vista, adaptados a los medios de producción, juega un papel muy importante en la competitividad. En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución del proceso de diseño en el sector cerámico, así como los cambios experimentados de forma paralela por los medios de impresión. A continuación se presenta un nuevo concepto de diseño de baldosa cerámica, basado en procesado de imagen digital. Esta técnica permite la generación
de diseños homogéneos y no repetitivos de grandes superficies, especialmente pensados para la decoración mediante inyección de tinta. Con los algoritmos programados se ha creado un programa informático prototipo de ayuda al diseño cerámico. Esta herramienta permite crear diseños continuos para grandes superficies ahorrando tiempo de desarrollo.[EN] The ceramic tile sector is a very competitive industry. The designer's proficiency to offer new models of the decorated surface, adapted to the production means, plays a very important role in the competitiveness. In the present work, we analyze the evolution of the design process in the ceramic sector, as much as the changes experimented in parallel by the printing equipment. Afterwards, we present a new concept of ceramic design, based on digital image processing. This technique allows the generation of homogeneous and non-repetitive designs for large surfaces, especially thought for inkjet printing. With the programmed algorithms we have compiled a prototype software for the assistance of the ceramic design. This tool allows creating continuous designs for large surfaces saving developing time.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Empresa Smalticeram S.A. dentro del proyecto “JUST TO PRINT” SEI-010000-2009-453 financiado por el Ministerio de Industria Turismo y Comercio; y por la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia en el marco del
proyecto “DESARROLLO DE TÉCNICAS DE PROCESADO DE IMAGEN DIGITAL PARA LA CREACIÓN DE DECORACIÓN
CERÁMICA FLEXIBLE” dentro de Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación y Desarrollo U.P.V. (PAID-05-10).Defez Garcia, B.; Santiago Praderas, VM.; Lluna Gil, E.; Peris Fajarnes, G.; Dunai, L. (2013). Diseño decorativo de pavimentos cerámicos adaptado a inyección de tinta mediante tratamiento digital de imagen. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio. 52(4):177-182. https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.232013S17718252
Recent Topics in Electromagnetic Compatibility
Recent Topics in Electromagnetic Compatability discusses several topics in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI), including measurements, shielding, emission, interference, biomedical devices, and numerical modeling. Over five sections, chapters address the electromagnetic spectrum of corona discharge, life cycle assessment of flexible electromagnetic shields, EMC requirements for implantable medical devices, analysis and design of absorbers for EMC applications, artificial surfaces, and media for EMC and EMI shielding, and much more
Historical document analysis based on word matching
Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2011.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2011.Includes bibliographical references leaves 67-76.Historical documents constitute a heritage which should be preserved and providing
automatic retrieval and indexing scheme for these archives would be beneficial
for researchers from several disciplines and countries. Unfortunately, applying ordinary
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques on these documents is
nearly impossible, since these documents are degraded and deformed. Recently,
word matching methods are proposed to access these documents. In this thesis,
two historical document analysis problems, word segmentation in historical
documents and Islamic pattern matching in kufic images are tackled based on
word matching. In the first task, a cross document word matching based approach
is proposed to segment historical documents into words. A version of a
document, in which word segmentation is easy, is used as a source data set and
another version in a different writing style, which is more difficult to segment
into words, is used as a target data set. The source data set is segmented into
words by a simple method and extracted words are used as queries to be spotted
in the target data set. Experiments on an Ottoman data set show that cross
document word matching is a promising method to segment historical documents
into words. In the second task, firstly lines are extracted and sub-patterns are
automatically detected in the images. Then sub-patterns are matched based on a
line representation in two ways: by their chain code representation and by their
shape contexts. Promising results are obtained for finding the instances of a query
pattern and for fully automatic detection of repeating patterns on a square kufic
image collection.Arifoğlu, DamlaM.S
Segmentation based Ottoman text and matching based Kufic image analysis
Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2013.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2013.Includes bibliographical references leaves 80-88.Large archives of historical documents attract many researchers from all around
the world. The increasing demand to access those archives makes automatic retrieval
and recognition of historical documents crucial. Ottoman archives are one
of the largest collections of historical documents. Although Ottoman is not a
currently spoken language, many researchers from all around the world are interested
in accessing the archived material. This thesis proposes two Ottoman
document analysis studies; first one is a crucial pre-processing task for retrieval
and recognition which is segmentation of documents. Second one is a more specific
retrieval and recognition problem which aims matching Islamic patterns is
Kufic images. For the first segmentation task, layout, line and word segmentation
is studied. Layout segmentation is obtained via Log-Gabor filtering. Four
different algorithms are proposed for line segmentation and finally a simple morphological
method is preferred for word segmentation. Datasets are constructed
with documents from both Ottoman and other languages (English, Greek and
Bangla) to test the script-independency of the methods. Experiments show that
our segmentation steps give satisfactory results. The second task aims to detect
Islamic patterns in Kufic images. The sub-patterns are considered as basic units
and matching is used for the analysis. Graphs are preferred to represent subpatterns
where graph and sub-graph isomorphism are used for matching them.
Kufic images are analyzed in three different ways. Given a query pattern, all the
instances of the query can be found through retrieval. Going further, through
known patterns images can be automatically labeled in the entire dataset. Finally,
patterns that repeat inside an image can be automatically discovered. As
there is no existing Kufic dataset, a new one is constructed by collecting images
from the Internet and promising results are obtained on this dataset.Adıgüzel, HandeM.S
Fabricate 2020
Fabricate 2020 is the fourth title in the FABRICATE series on the theme of digital fabrication and published in conjunction with a triennial conference (London, April 2020). The book features cutting-edge built projects and work-in-progress from both academia and practice. It brings together pioneers in design and making from across the fields of architecture, construction, engineering, manufacturing, materials technology and computation. Fabricate 2020 includes 32 illustrated articles punctuated by four conversations between world-leading experts from design to engineering, discussing themes such as drawing-to-production, behavioural composites, robotic assembly, and digital craft
Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
This book deepens the study and knowledge on fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), which are composite materials made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers are usually glass, carbon, or aramid, although other fibers such as paper, wood, or asbestos are sometimes used. The polymer is usually an epoxy, vinyl ester, or polyester thermosetting plastic, and phenol-formaldehyde resins are still in use. Among, the most prominent applications of FRPs are in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction industries. The development of FRPs has a very promising future with a marked annual increase and with a wide range of sources. This book presents comprehensive information on FRPs and their wide variety of applications in the industry worldwide
Visual impairment: its impact upon and implications for aesthetic experience
With this research programme, I will be looking at how visually impaired people interpret the sensory inputs that artwork evokes together with the spatial environment that visually impaired people engage with.
The study intertwines concepts of aesthetics that have specific relevance for visually impaired people, together with the processes and concepts associated with vision. The study refers to some common beliefs regarding blindness and provides some evidence of links between art and blindness.
The study reflects upon how human cognitive processes are different for blind people, the use of verbal description used by visually impaired people and comments upon the logical reasoning processes developed by people with sight loss.
Finally the study teases out methods of media manipulation, the interplay of different sensory stimulus and the control that visually impaired people endeavour to exert over an unseen environment.
The nature of this research will be developed into a programme which explores and revisits the central themes of study using a system of concentric evolution. (See methodology section.) As a result, this 'intertwining study' will examine the values of
each strand of research and will provide data regarding the aesthetic understanding and creative processes used by people with visual impairment, together with an appreciation of the methods blind people engage with to understand and use spatial properties
Análisis de motivos decorativos de tejidos y revestimientos cerámicos en el entorno de la visión artificial. Aplicación a la reconstrucción de motivos históricos y al diseño
El objetivo de esta tesis es la contribución a la creación, e implementación en herramientas informáticas, de una metodología aplicable para el análisis y edición de imágenes procedentes del campo de los diseños cerámicos y textiles, y por extensión, de todas aquellas imágenes que siguen un patrón repetitivo y que, por tanto, se ajustan a la Teoría de Grupos de Simetría. Para ello, se ha definido una metodología de análisis dividida en etapas, en la que se va aumentando gradualmente el nivel de la información manejada, desde los píxeles de la imagen inicial, pasando por los objetos (formas o unidades básicas perceptúales) y los motivos (agrupaciones de objetos realizadas con criterios perceptúales) hasta llegar a la estructura del patrón, es decir, las distintas transformaciones geométricas que relacionan los elementos (objetos y motivos) que lo forman. La información estructural obtenida es utilizada con fines diversos: la clasificación de las imágenes según el Grupo de Simetría del Plano del patrón, la reconstrucción de las imágenes aprovechando el conocimiento de qué partes están relacionadas por la estructura, y por último, la edición de patrones, tanto a nivel de formas y motivos, como de estructura, permitiendo realizar cambios estructurales con facilidad, con lo que se generan familias de patrones a partir de uno analizado. Las herramientas desarrolladas han sido probadas con un amplio conjunto de imágenes de patrones de procedencias muy diversas, destacando el estudio de los alicatados de la Alhambra de Granada y del Alcázar de Sevilla, así como de textiles y, ampliando los objetivos iniciales, a diversos elementos del entorno urbano.Albert Gil, FE. (2006). Análisis de motivos decorativos de tejidos y revestimientos cerámicos en el entorno de la visión artificial. Aplicación a la reconstrucción de motivos históricos y al diseño [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1936Palanci
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Methods for detailed study of detergent action in cleaning food soils
Dishwasher detergent formulations contain components which dictate the chemical environment (pH, wettability, solubility) of cleaning solutions. The role of these factors, as well as temperature, in the
mechanisms controlling the cleaning of a baked heterogeneous food soil from stainless steel substrates was studied using a combination of fluid dynamic gauging, real-time imaging, millimanipulation, and solution analysis techniques.
The extent of swelling, which is known to affect cleaning, was determined in situ using a fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) device developed by Wang et al. (2017). A new FDG configuration was developed which enabled measurement of swelling soon after immersion, allowing measurement of initial hydration. These studies were corroborated using a commercial point-light source confocal thickness measurement device. The onset and extent of swelling depended primarily on the solution pH.
At temperatures above 35 ᵒC swelling was followed by the liberation of mobile fat present within the soil. Monitoring of droplet evolution allowed the growth and detachment of the oil droplets to be quantified and modelled. The rate of total carbonaceous material released from the soil was studied in separate tests using both stagnant and flowing solutions. The onset and volume of oil released was chiefly determined by the solution temperature and concentration of surfactant. Oil release was not directly related to deposit strength.
In millimanipulation the force imposed on a blade being passed through the soil layer is measured. The device was modified to allow submersion and flow of cleaning solution across the sample so that the effect of contact time with the reagent(s) could be studied. The force required to remove the soil changed noticeably after a critical soaking time, from an almost constant value to one which decayed with time. The critical soaking time depended on the temperature, pH, and composition of the
cleaning solution and in many cases was associated with a transition from cohesive to adhesive breakdown. This transition occurred on similar timescales to the swelling of the soil. Some agents promoted faster adhesive breakdown.
Sinner’s circle is classically used to describe the intentions between temperature, formulation, time and mechanical forces in cleaning. The different techniques allowed these to be quantified, particularly in terms of timescales. The cleaning mechanism was broken into two parallel processes: (I) the hydration and swelling of the soil layer after exposure to aqueous solutions followed by the dewetting and displacement of oils and fats from within the soil structure towards the soil-solution interface, and (II) the ingress of solution at the soil-substrate interface, weakening the adhesive forces attaching the soil to the substrate. Temperature, pH, and surfactant type were demonstrated to act each process to a different extent, influencing the timescales of cleaning.EPSRC iCASE studentship in partnership with P&G
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