Video Game Genre Classification Based on Deep Learning

Video games have played a more and more important role in our life. While the genre classification is a deeply explored research subject by leveraging the strength of deep learning, the automatic video game genre classification has drawn little attention in academia. In this study, we compiled a large dataset of 50,000 video games, consisting of the video game covers, game descriptions and the genre information. We explored three approaches for genre classification using deep learning techniques. First, we developed five image-based models utilizing pre-trained computer vision models such as MobileNet, ResNet50 and Inception, based on the game covers. Second, we developed two text-based models, using Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) model and the Universal Sentence Encoder model, based on the game descriptions. For the third approach, we constructed a multi-modal fusion model, which concatenates extracted features from one image-based model and one text-based model. We analysed our results and revealed some challenges that exist in the task of genre classification for video games. Some future works are also proposed

An Industry Driven Genre Classification Application using Natural Language Processing

With the advent of digitized music, many online streaming companies such as Spotify have capitalized on a listener’s need for a common stream platform. An essential component of such a platform is the recommender systems that suggest to the constituent user base, related tracks, albums and artists. In order to sustain such a recommender system, labeling data to indicate which genre it belongs to is essential. Most recent academic publications that deal with music genre classification focus on the use of deep neural networks developed and applied within the music genre classification domain. This thesis attempts to use some of the highly sophisticated techniques, such as Hierarchical Attention Networks that exist within the text classification domain in order to classify tracks of different genres. In order to do this, the music is first separated into different tracks (drums, vocals, bass and accompaniment) and converted into symbolic text data. Due to the sophistication of the distributed machine learning system (over five computers, each possessing a graphical processing units greater than a GTX 1070) present in this thesis, it is capable of classifying contemporary genres with an impressive peak accuracy of over 93%, when comparing the results with that of competing classifiers. It is also argued that through the use text classification, the ex- pert domain knowledge which musicians and people involved with musicological techniques, can be attracted to improving reccomender systems within the music information retrieval research domain

All mixed up? Finding the optimal feature set for general readability prediction and its application to English and Dutch

Readability research has a long and rich tradition, but there has been too little focus on general readability prediction without targeting a specific audience or text genre. Moreover, though NLP-inspired research has focused on adding more complex readability features there is still no consensus on which features contribute most to the prediction. In this article, we investigate in close detail the feasibility of constructing a readability prediction system for English and Dutch generic text using supervised machine learning. Based on readability assessments by both experts and a crowd, we implement different types of text characteristics ranging from easy-to-compute superficial text characteristics to features requiring a deep linguistic processing, resulting in ten different feature groups. Both a regression and classification setup are investigated reflecting the two possible readability prediction tasks: scoring individual texts or comparing two texts. We show that going beyond correlation calculations for readability optimization using a wrapper-based genetic algorithm optimization approach is a promising task which provides considerable insights in which feature combinations contribute to the overall readability prediction. Since we also have gold standard information available for those features requiring deep processing we are able to investigate the true upper bound of our Dutch system. Interestingly, we will observe that the performance of our fully-automatic readability prediction pipeline is on par with the pipeline using golden deep syntactic and semantic information

An in-depth evaluation of multimodal video genre categorization

International audienceIn this paper we propose an in-depth evaluation of the performance of video descriptors to multimodal video genre categorization. We discuss the perspective of designing appropriate late fusion techniques that would enable to attain very high categorization accuracy, close to the one achieved with user-based text information. Evaluation is carried out in the context of the 2012 Video Genre Tagging Task of the MediaEval Benchmarking Initiative for Multimedia Evaluation, using a data set of up to 15.000 videos (3,200 hours of footage) and 26 video genre categories specific to web media. Results show that the proposed approach significantly improves genre categorization performance, outperforming other existing approaches. The main contribution of this paper is in the experimental part, several valuable interesting findings are reported that motivate further research on video genre classification

Automating Metadata Extraction: Genre Classification

A problem that frequently arises in the management and integration of scientific data is the lack of context and semantics that would link data encoded in disparate ways. To bridge the discrepancy, it often helps to mine scientific texts to aid the understanding of the database. Mining relevant text can be significantly aided by the availability of descriptive and semantic metadata. The Digital Curation Centre (DCC) has undertaken research to automate the extraction of metadata from documents in PDF([22]). Documents may include scientific journal papers, lab notes or even emails. We suggest genre classification as a first step toward automating metadata extraction. The classification method will be built on looking at the documents from five directions; as an object of specific visual format, a layout of strings with characteristic grammar, an object with stylo-metric signatures, an object with meaning and purpose, and an object linked to previously classified objects and external sources. Some results of experiments in relation to the first two directions are described here; they are meant to be indicative of the promise underlying this multi-faceted approach.

Noise or music? Investigating the usefulness of normalisation for robust sentiment analysis on social media data

In the past decade, sentiment analysis research has thrived, especially on social media. While this data genre is suitable to extract opinions and sentiment, it is known to be noisy. Complex normalisation methods have been developed to transform noisy text into its standard form, but their effect on tasks like sentiment analysis remains underinvestigated. Sentiment analysis approaches mostly include spell checking or rule-based normalisation as preprocess- ing and rarely investigate its impact on the task performance. We present an optimised sentiment classifier and investigate to what extent its performance can be enhanced by integrating SMT-based normalisation as preprocessing. Experiments on a test set comprising a variety of user-generated content genres revealed that normalisation improves sentiment classification performance on tweets and blog posts, showing the model’s ability to generalise to other data genres

Comparison between parameter-efficient techniques and full fine-tuning: A case study on multilingual news article classification

Adapters and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques designed to make the training of language models more efficient. Previous results demonstrated that these methods can even improve performance on some classification tasks. This paper complements the existing research by investigating how these techniques influence the classification performance and computation costs compared to full fine-tuning when applied to multilingual text classification tasks (genre, framing, and persuasion techniques detection; with different input lengths, number of predicted classes and classification difficulty), some of which have limited training data. In addition, we conduct in-depth analyses of their efficacy across different training scenarios (training on the original multilingual data; on the translations into English; and on a subset of English-only data) and different languages. Our findings provide valuable insights into the applicability of the parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, particularly to complex multilingual and multilabel classification tasks

Personal information prediction from written texts

La détection de la paternité textuelle est un domaine de recherche qui existe depuis les années 1960. Il consiste à prédire l’auteur d’un texte en se basant sur d’autres textes dont les auteurs sont connus. Pour faire cela, plusieurs traits sur le style d’écriture et le contenu sont extraits. Pour ce mémoire, deux sous-problèmes de détection de la paternité textuelle ont été traités : la prédiction du genre et de l’âge de l’auteur. Des données collectées de blogs en ligne ont été utilisées pour faire cela. Dans ce travail, plusieurs traits (features) textuels ont été comparé en utilisant des méthodes d’apprentissage automatique. De même, des méthodes d’apprentissage profond ont été appliqués. Pour la tâche de classification du genre, les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus en appliquant un système de vote majoritaire sur la prédiction d’autres modèles. Pour la classification d’âge, les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenu en utilisant un classificateur entrainé sur TF-IDF.Authorship Attribution (AA) is a field of research that exists since the 60s. It consists of identifying the author of a certain text based on texts with known authors. This is done by extracting features about the writing style and the content of the text. In this master thesis, two sub problems of AA were treated: gender and age classification using a corpus collected from online blogs. In this work, several features were compared using several feature-based algorithms. As well as deep learning methods. For the gender classification task, the best results are the ones obtained by a majority vote system over the outputs of several classifiers. For the age classification task, the best result was obtained using classifier trained over TFIDF

Cross-lingual genre classification

Automated classification of texts into genres can benefit NLP applications, in that the structure, location and even interpretation of information within a text are dictated by its genre. Cross-lingual methods promise such benefits to languages which lack genre-annotated training data. While there has been work on genre classification for over two decades, none has considered cross-lingual methods before the start of this project. My research aims to fill this gap. It follows previous approaches to monolingual genre classification that exploit simple, low-level text features, many of which can be extracted in different languages and have similar functions. This contrasts with work on cross-lingual topic or sentiment classification of texts that typically use word frequencies as features. These have been shown to have limited use when it comes to genres. Many such methods also assume cross-lingual resources, such as machine translation, which limits the range of their application. A selection of these approaches are used as baselines in my experiments. I report the results of two semi-supervised methods for exploiting genre-labelled source language texts and unlabelled target language texts. The first is a relatively simple algorithm that bridges the language gap by exploiting cross-lingual features and then iteratively re-trains a classification model on previously predicted target texts. My results show that this approach works well where only few cross-lingual resources are available and texts are to be classified into broad genre categories. It is also shown that further improvements can be achieved through multi-lingual training or cross-lingual feature selection if genre-annotated texts are available in several source languages. The second is a variant of the label propagation algorithm. This graph-based classifier learns genre-specific feature set weights from both source and target language texts and uses them to adjust the propagation channels for each text. This allows further feature sets to be added as additional resources, such as Part of Speech taggers, become available. While the method performs well even with basic text features, it is shown to benefit from additional feature sets. Results also indicate that it handles fine-grained genre classes better than the iterative re-labelling method