54 research outputs found

    Creatividad en la producción de textos en estudiantes del 4° de primaria de la institución educativa N.º 51027 “Juan De La Cruz Montes Salas” de Quillabamba-2019

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    La presente investigación tuvo como propósito en determinar la creatividad como estrategia pedagógica en relación con la producción de textos en los estudiantes del Cuarto Grado de Educación Primaria de la Institución Educativa N. ° 51027 “Juan de la Cruz Montes Salas” de Quillabamba. La investigación basó su estudio desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, de diseño descriptivo-correlacional. aplicando como instrumentos de recolección de datos un cuestionario de encuesta y una ficha de observación, debidamente validados y sometidos a criterios de confiabilidad, a 26 estudiantes a través del muestreo no probabilístico, los datos fueron procesados utilizando la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los resultados de la investigación dan cuenta del nivel de creatividad en los estudiantes, el 3,6% se halla en la categoría baja, el 28,6% en la categoría media, el 60,7% en la categoría alta y el 7,1% en la categoría muy alta. Por otro lado, en la producción de textos narrativos (fábulas) los niveles de logro muestran que el 3,6% se hallan en inicio, el 75,0% en proceso y el 21,4% en logro esperado; en función de ello existe relación significativa entre la creatividad como estrategia pedagógica y la producción de textos narrativos, corroborada por la prueba de independencia Chi cuadrado y la prueba de asociación Tau de Kendall en el valor de 0,601; es decir en el 60,1%. Se infiere que la creatividad como estrategia pedagógica está asociada a la producción de textos, dado que la prueba estadística así lo confirmó, en consecuencia, se puede indicar que la estrategia pedagógic

    Medical Text Simplification: Optimizing for Readability with Unlikelihood Training and Reranked Beam Search Decoding

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    Text simplification has emerged as an increasingly useful application of AI for bridging the communication gap in specialized fields such as medicine, where the lexicon is often dominated by technical jargon and complex constructs. Despite notable progress, methods in medical simplification sometimes result in the generated text having lower quality and diversity. In this work, we explore ways to further improve the readability of text simplification in the medical domain. We propose (1) a new unlikelihood loss that encourages generation of simpler terms and (2) a reranked beam search decoding method that optimizes for simplicity, which achieve better performance on readability metrics on three datasets. This study's findings offer promising avenues for improving text simplification in the medical field.Comment: EMNLP 2023 Finding

    A Review of Research-Based Automatic Text Simplification Tools

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    In the age of knowledge, the democratisation of information facilitated through the Internet may not be as pervasive if written language poses challenges to particular sectors of the population. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of research-based automatic text simplification tools. Consequently, we describe aspects such as the language, language phenomena, language levels simplified, approaches, specific target populations these tools are created for (e.g. individuals with cognitive impairment, attention deficit, elderly people, children, language learners), and accessibility and availability considerations. The review of existing studies covering automatic text simplification tools is undergone by searching two databases: Web of Science and Scopus. The eligibility criteria involve text simplification tools with a scientific background in order to ascertain how they operate. This methodology yielded 27 text simplification tools that are further analysed. Some of the main conclusions reached with this review are the lack of resources accessible to the public, the need for customisation to foster the individual’s independence by allowing the user to select what s/he finds challenging to understand while not limiting the user’s capabilities and the need for more simplification tools in languages other than English, to mention a few.This research was conducted as part of the Clear-Text project (TED2021-130707B-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR

    Automatic and Human-AI Interactive Text Generation

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    In this tutorial, we focus on text-to-text generation, a class of natural language generation (NLG) tasks, that takes a piece of text as input and then generates a revision that is improved according to some specific criteria (e.g., readability or linguistic styles), while largely retaining the original meaning and the length of the text. This includes many useful applications, such as text simplification, paraphrase generation, style transfer, etc. In contrast to text summarization and open-ended text completion (e.g., story), the text-to-text generation tasks we discuss in this tutorial are more constrained in terms of semantic consistency and targeted language styles. This level of control makes these tasks ideal testbeds for studying the ability of models to generate text that is both semantically adequate and stylistically appropriate. Moreover, these tasks are interesting from a technical standpoint, as they require complex combinations of lexical and syntactical transformations, stylistic control, and adherence to factual knowledge, -- all at once. With a special focus on text simplification and revision, this tutorial aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art natural language generation research from four major aspects -- Data, Models, Human-AI Collaboration, and Evaluation -- and to discuss and showcase a few significant and recent advances: (1) the use of non-retrogressive approaches; (2) the shift from fine-tuning to prompting with large language models; (3) the development of new learnable metric and fine-grained human evaluation framework; (4) a growing body of studies and datasets on non-English languages; (5) the rise of HCI+NLP+Accessibility interdisciplinary research to create real-world writing assistant systems.Comment: To appear at ACL 2024, Tutoria

    An Automatic Modern Standard Arabic Text Simplification System: A Corpus-Based Approach

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    This thesis brings together an overview of Text Readability (TR) about Text Simplification (TS) with an application of both to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It will present our findings on using automatic TR and TS tools to teach MSA, along with challenges, limitations, and recommendations about enhancing the TR and TS models. Reading is one of the most vital tasks that provide language input for communication and comprehension skills. It is proved that the use of long sentences, connected sentences, embedded phrases, passive voices, non- standard word orders, and infrequent words can increase the text difficulty for people with low literacy levels, as well as second language learners. The thesis compares the use of sentence embeddings of different types (fastText, mBERT, XLM-R and Arabic-BERT), as well as traditional language features such as POS tags, dependency trees, readability scores and frequency lists for language learners. The accuracy of the 3-way CEFR (The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages Proficiency Levels) classification is F-1 of 0.80 and 0.75 for Arabic-Bert and XLM-R classification, respectively and 0.71 Spearman correlation for the regression task. At the same time, the binary difficulty classifier reaches F-1 0.94 and F-1 0.98 for the sentence-pair semantic similarity classifier. TS is an NLP task aiming to reduce the linguistic complexity of the text while maintaining its meaning and original information (Siddharthan, 2002; Camacho Collados, 2013; Saggion, 2017). The simplification study experimented using two approaches: (i) a classification approach and (ii) a generative approach. It then evaluated the effectiveness of these methods using the BERTScore (Zhang et al., 2020) evaluation metric. The simple sentences produced by the mT5 model achieved P 0.72, R 0.68 and F-1 0.70 via BERTScore while combining Arabic- BERT and fastText achieved P 0.97, R 0.97 and F-1 0.97. To reiterate, this research demonstrated the effectiveness of the implementation of a corpus-based method combined with extracting extensive linguistic features via the latest NLP techniques. It provided insights which can be of use in various Arabic corpus studies and NLP tasks such as translation for educational purposes

    Easy-to-read in Romania: current status and future perspectives in a European context

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    As the European Union’s Strategy for people with disabilities has been extended to 2030, emphasising the need for these people’s social inclusion, which also comprises accessibility to different information and documents, Romania has to align its legislation and best practices in order to solve its problems concerning this topic. Therefore, this paper focuses on an important aspect of social inclusion, namely Easy-to-Read (E2R) language, which is paramount for the disabled people’s access to information, culture and education. It starts by presenting the concept of Easy-to-Read across Europe, its perception and implementation by various countries, to finally delve into the current situation of Easy-to-Read in Romania. By looking at the analysis and reports on the previous governmental strategies regarding people with disabilities (and especially reading disabilities, for the purpose of this paper), it can be said that Romania still faces challenges in this respect and needs to work on making documents and information accessible by first creating E2R guidelines and then implementing them in printed documents (e.g. adapted textbooks, healthcare leaflets) as well as in the electronic information (e.g. government websites). The paper also traces some future perspectives concerning Easy-to-Read in Romania, namely the Train2Validate “Professional training for Easy-to-Read facilitators and validators” (T2V) project, an Erasmus+ programme, a collaboration between various European countries, that Romania is part of, which goes one step further into helping people with reading disabilities and creating professional roles for them, i.e. facilitators and validators, in order to integrate them on the employment market. Moreover, this research will hopefully raise awareness of the importance of conducting other studies on creating Easy-to-Read guidelines and on simplifying the text according to the different target groups of people with reading disabilities or difficulties and to different text types

    Handbook of Easy Languages in Europe

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    The Handbook of Easy Languages in Europe describes what Easy Language is and how it is used in European countries. It demonstrates the great diversity of actors, instruments and outcomes related to Easy Language throughout Europe. All people, despite their limitations, have an equal right to information, inclusion, and social participation. This results in requirements for understandable language. The notion of Easy Language refers to modified forms of standard languages that aim to facilitate reading and language comprehension. This handbook describes the historical background, the principles and the practices of Easy Language in 21 European countries. Its topics include terminological definitions, legal status, stakeholders, target groups, guidelines, practical outcomes, education, research, and a reflection on future perspectives related to Easy Language in each country. Written in an academic yet interesting and understandable style, this Handbook of Easy Languages in Europe aims to find a wide audience

    Construcción de un corpus comparable y un recurso de referencia para la simplificación de textos médicos en español

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    We report the collection of the CLARA-MeD comparable corpus, which is made up of 24 298 pairs of professional and simplified texts in the medical domain for the Spanish language (>96M tokens). Texts types range from drug leaflets and summaries of product characteristics (10 211 pairs of texts, >82M words), abstracts of systematic reviews (8138 pairs of texts, >9M words), cancer-related information summaries (201 pairs of texts, >3M tokens) and clinical trials announcements (5748 pairs of texts, 451 690 words). We also report the alignment of professional and simplified sentences, conducted manually by pairs of annotators. A subset of 3800 sentence pairs (149 862 tokens) has been aligned each by 2 experts, with an average inter-annotator agreement kappa score of 0.839 (0.076). The data are available in the community and contributes with a new benchmark to develop and evaluate automatic medical text simplification systems.Se describe la recogida del corpus comparable CLARA-MeD, formado por 24 298 pares de textos profesionales y simplificados de dominio médico en lengua española (>96M palabras). Los tipos de textos varían desde prospectos médicos y fichas técnicas de medicamentos (10 211 pares de textos, >82M palabras), resúmenes de revisiones sistemáticas (8138 pares de textos, >9M palabras), resúmenes de información sobre el cáncer (201 pares de textos, >3M palabras) y anuncios de ensayos clínicos (5748 pares de textos, 451 690 palabras). También presentamos el alineamiento de frases técnicas y simplificadas, realizado a mano por pares de anotadores. Un subconjunto de 3800 pares de frases (149 862 tokens) se han emparejado, con un acuerdo medio entre anotadores con valor kappa = 0.839 (0.076). Los datos están disponibles en la comunidad y este nuevo recurso permite desarrollar y evaluar sistemas de simplificación automática de textos médicos.Project CLARA-MED (PID2020-116001RA-C33) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, in project call: “Proyectos I+D+i Retos Investigación”

    Способи лаконізації викладу в дитячій пізнавальній книзі

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    Розглянуто способи лаконізації викладу в дитячійпізнавальній книзі. Звернено увагу на термінологічнунеодностайність щодо лаконізації викладу та розглянутодумки науковців стосовно понять «лаконізація», «компресія»,«мовна компресія», «спрощення». Зроблено висновок, щоредакторові дитячої пізнавальної книги слід знайти методиіндивідуального підходу до дитини, з’ясувати, як дотри-муватись балансу між інформативністю та водночаслегкістю, зрозумілістю викладу.The methods of presentation laconicization in the children’s non-fiction book were considered. The emphasis is made on the terminological inconsistency regarding the presen-tation laconicization and the opinions of scientists on con-cepts ‘laconicization’, ‘compression’, ‘language compres-sion’, and ‘simplification’. It is concluded that the editor of the children’s non-fiction book should find methods of indi-vidual approach to the child, to find out how to main-tain a balance between informativeness and at the same time ease, comprehensibility of presentation
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