Text Categorization for Authorship based on the Features of Lingual Conceptual Expression

PACLIC 21 / Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea / November 1-3, 200

Karl Renner and (Intellectual) Property – How Cognitive Theory Can Enrich a Sociolegal Analysis of Contemporary Copyright

This article deals with copyright regulation meeting the quite rapid societal changes associated with digitization, and it does so by reinterpreting Karl Renner's classical texts in the light of contemporary cognitive theory of conceptual metaphors and embodiment. From a cognitive theory perspective, I focus on the notion that the legal norms only appear to be unchanged—the Renner distinction between form and function. This includes social norms, technological development, and changes in social structures in general, which create a social and cognitive reinterpretation of law. This article, therefore, analyzes the contemporary push for copyright as property, which I relate to historical claims for copyright as property as well as de facto legal revisions in intellectual property faced with the challenges of digitization. Of particular relevance here is what Renner described in terms of property as an “institution of domination and control,” and thus the increased measures for control that are added to a digital context in the name of copyright

Knowledge Expansion of a Statistical Machine Translation System using Morphological Resources

Translation capability of a Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBSMT) system mostly depends on parallel data and phrases that are not present in the training data are not correctly translated. This paper describes a method that efficiently expands the existing knowledge of a PBSMT system without adding more parallel data but using external morphological resources. A set of new phrase associations is added to translation and reordering models; each of them corresponds to a morphological variation of the source/target/both phrases of an existing association. New associations are generated using a string similarity score based on morphosyntactic information. We tested our approach on En-Fr and Fr-En translations and results showed improvements of the performance in terms of automatic scores (BLEU and Meteor) and reduction of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. We believe that our knowledge expansion framework is generic and could be used to add different types of information to the model.JRC.G.2-Global security and crisis managemen

Situating emotional experience

Psychological construction approaches to emotion suggest that emotional experience is situated and dynamic. Fear, for example, is typically studied in a physical danger context (e.g., threatening snake), but in the real world, it often occurs in social contexts, especially those involving social evaluation (e.g., public speaking). Understanding situated emotional experience is critical because adaptive responding is guided by situational context (e.g., inferring the intention of another in a social evaluation situation vs. monitoring the environment in a physical danger situation). In an fMRI study, we assessed situated emotional experience using a newly developed paradigm in which participants vividly imagine different scenarios from a first-person perspective, in this case scenarios involving either social evaluation or physical danger. We hypothesized that distributed neural patterns would underlie immersion in social evaluation and physical danger situations, with shared activity patterns across both situations in multiple sensory modalities and in circuitry involved in integrating salient sensory information, and with unique activity patterns for each situation type in coordinated large-scale networks that reflect situated responding. More specifically, we predicted that networks underlying the social inference and mentalizing involved in responding to a social threat (in regions that make up the “default mode” network) would be reliably more active during social evaluation situations. In contrast, networks underlying the visuospatial attention and action planning involved in responding to a physical threat would be reliably more active during physical danger situations. The results supported these hypotheses. In line with emerging psychological construction approaches, the findings suggest that coordinated brain networks offer a systematic way to interpret the distributed patterns that underlie the diverse situational contexts characterizing emotional life

Proceedings

Proceedings of the Workshop CHAT 2011: Creation, Harmonization and Application of Terminology Resources. Editors: Tatiana Gornostay and Andrejs Vasiļjevs. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 12 (2011). © 2011 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/16956

Design of a Controlled Language for Critical Infrastructures Protection

We describe a project for the construction of controlled language for critical infrastructures protection (CIP). This project originates from the need to coordinate and categorize the communications on CIP at the European level. These communications can be physically represented by official documents, reports on incidents, informal communications and plain e-mail. We explore the application of traditional library science tools for the construction of controlled languages in order to achieve our goal. Our starting point is an analogous work done during the sixties in the field of nuclear science known as the Euratom Thesaurus.JRC.G.6-Security technology assessmen

Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis

The focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of linguistic preprocessing and similarity functions for clustering Arabic Twitter tweets. The experiments apply an optimized version of the standard K-Means algorithm to assign tweets into positive and negative categories. The results show that root-based stemming has a significant advantage over light stemming in all settings. The Averaged Kullback-Leibler Divergence similarity function clearly outperforms the Cosine, Pearson Correlation, Jaccard Coefficient and Euclidean functions. The combination of the Averaged Kullback-Leibler Divergence and root-based stemming achieved the highest purity of 0.764 while the second-best purity was 0.719. These results are of importance as it is contrary to normal-sized documents where, in many information retrieval applications, light stemming performs better than root-based stemming and the Cosine function is commonly used

Clustering Arabic Tweets for Sentiment Analysis

The focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of linguistic preprocessing and similarity functions for clustering Arabic Twitter tweets. The experiments apply an optimized version of the standard K-Means algorithm to assign tweets into positive and negative categories. The results show that root-based stemming has a significant advantage over light stemming in all settings. The Averaged Kullback-Leibler Divergence similarity function clearly outperforms the Cosine, Pearson Correlation, Jaccard Coefficient and Euclidean functions. The combination of the Averaged Kullback-Leibler Divergence and root-based stemming achieved the highest purity of 0.764 while the second-best purity was 0.719. These results are of importance as it is contrary to normal-sized documents where, in many information retrieval applications, light stemming performs better than root-based stemming and the Cosine function is commonly used

Physiotherapy and neuro rehabilitation on stroke evidence and needs

Scientific knowledge in the area of rehabilitation and physiotherapy for stroke is booming and leading to more sustainable models of practice. Several interventions show positive effects with strong scientific support. However, some issues remain to be clarified like what are the effects of PT on brain activity and what are the effects of hands on interventions. Also a general coherence of interventions and outcomes and outcomes measures need to improve. With the intent to clarify these questions and to give an overview of Physiotherapy evidence and needs on stroke rehabilitation, this thesis will present the state of the art on a literature review and the four studies developed on the context of this PhD: Physiotherapy Hands-on Interventions and Stroke - Systematic Review; Physiotherapy and Brain Activity on Stroke - Systematic Review; Brain activity during lower limb movement with physiotherapy manual facilitation – an fMRI study; ICF Linking Process for Categorization of Interventions and Outcomes Measures on Stroke Physiotherapy - Delphi panel. As innovative aspects of this thesis, we highlight: the organization within the ICF framework for the outcomes related with movement; the study of brain activity during a complex multijoint movement of lower limb; the study of immediate effects of manual facilitation of movement, as no similar studies was found on our literature search for this thesis. Regardless the limitations encountered, the non-conclusive findings and some non-identified evidence, it seems still valid to conclude that Physiotherapy is no longer a “black box”, instead is a evidence-based profession. Exists clear and evidence based information for clinical settings and scientific community, that hands off physiotherapy is relevant and has efficacy proved on the rehabilitation of stroke patients on the domains of Structure & Functions and Activities & Participation. This efficacy is extended to the brain activity, which validates the idea that PT can influence neuroplasticity process and consequently contribute for a better recovery in a neurobiological perspective with impact on human performance and autonomy.O conhecimento científico na area da intervenção em utentes com sequelas após Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) e especificamente na área da Fisioterapia, tem crescido nos últimos ano, conduzindo a modelos de prática mais sustentados. São várias as intervneções da Fisioterapia com eficácia comprovada. Contudo, alguns aspectos ainda necessitam de clarificação, como seja quais os efeitos da Fisioterapia na actividade cerebral e quais são os efeitos das intervenções baseadas na manualidade do Fisioterapeuta. É ainda necessária, uma maior coerência entre as intervenções, as variáveis em estudo e os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados. Com o objectivo de contribuir para o esclarecimento destas questões e de oferecer uma visao global da evidência da intervenção da Fisioterapia e as necessidades de desenvolvimento na intervenção e utentes com AVC, esta tese apresenta um estado da arte na revisão de literature e os quarto estudos desenvolvidos no contexto deste doutoramento: Efeitos da Fisioterapia manual em utentes com AVC - revisão sistemática; Efeitos da Fisioterapia na actividade cerebral em utentes com AVC - revisão sistemática; Efeitos imediatos da facilitação manual na actividade cerebral - estudo com RMf; Processo de categorização de intervenções e intrumentos específicos da intervenção em utentes com AVC - Painel de Delphi. Como aspectos inovadores, salientamos a organização de acordo com a estrutura da CIF, para as variaveis relacionadas com o movimento; o estudo a actividade cerebral durante um movimento complexo e multi-articular do membro inferior; o estudo dos efeitos imediatos da facilitação manual na actividade cerebral. Independentemente das limitações encontradas, dos achados não conclusivos e alguns achados de não benefício de intervenções, parece-nos ser válido concluir que a Fisioterapia deixou de ser uma “caixa negra” sendo uma profissão científicamente suportada. Existe informação clara e suportada cientificamente, disponível para os locais de prática e para a comunidade científica, de que a Fisioterapia “hands off” é relevante e tem eficácia comprovada no contexto da intervenção em utentes com AVC, nos domínios da Estrutura e Função e da Actividade e Participação. Esta eficácia estende-se à actividade cerebral, validando a ideia de que a Fisioterapia pode influenciar a neuroplasticidade e consequentemente contribuir para uma recuperação neurobiológica mais adequada, com impacto no desempenho humano e autonomia