The Learning Result Difference of Student Teach by Using Enhancement Learning Model of Student's Thinking Ability with Convensional Model for Force and Newton Laws Material

This research was done to observe the difference of learning achievement between student who have been teach by Enhancement Learning Model of Student's Thinking Ability and Conventional Model. This research was done at SMP Negeri 2 Gebang. Type of this research is quasi experiment. Research population is every student of grade VIII semester 2 SMP Negeri 2 Gebang. Research sample was taken by random sampling around 2 classes as 34 students for experiment class and 34 students for control class. Learning achievement of test objective 20 of multiple choice was done as an instrument. The experiment result of pretest average is 37.94 for experiment class and 36.82 for control class. Treatment was done to each class, post test average score is 73.38 for experiment class and for student who have been teach by conventional learning is 67.05. Hypothetical testing is tcalculate > ttabe i.e 3.459 > 1.66 with significance standard α = 0.05 and dk = 66. It means that Ha was accepted, so it may conclude that there is a difference of learning achievement between Enhancement Learning Model of Student's Thinking Ability with Conventional Learning Model for Force and Newton Laws on Grade VIII SMP Negeri 2 Gebang Annual Year 2011/2012

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada Materi Hukum-Hukum Dasar Kimia terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X MAN 2 Model Palu

Research on the effect of the problem-based learning model in the basic laws of chemistry on student’s learning outcomes in class X MAN 2 Model Palu has been done. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of the problem-based learning model in the basic laws of chemistry on student’s learning outcomes in class X MAN 2 Model Palu. The type of research was a quasi-experimental study non-randomized design with pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was conducted with a purposive sampling technique. The study sample was students in class X MIA 6 as an experimental group (n = 22) and students in class X MIA 3 as a control group (n = 22). The data testing of students' learning outcomes used a non-parametric statistical analysis, the analysis of Mann-Whitney U-Test. The research results indicated that the mean value of the experiment class was high compared to the control class, 22.61 >18.39. The statistical analysis obtained that sig. 2-tailed (0,032) ˂ 0.05 and Zcalculation (-2.149) ˂ Ztable (-1.96). The average value of the experiment class was 82.95 while the average value of the control class was 73.64. So it can be concluded that there is the effect of applying the problem-based learning model in the basic laws of chemistry on student’s learning outcomes.

Designing a programming-based approach for modelling scientific phenomena

We describe an iteratively designed sequence of activities involving the modelling of 1- dimensional collisions between moving objects based on programming in ToonTalk. Students aged 13-14 in two settings (London and Cyprus) investigated a number of collision situations, classified into six classes based on the relative velocities and masses of the colliding objects. We describe iterations of the system in which students engaged in a repeating cycle of activity for each collision class: prediction of object behaviour from given collision conditions, observation of a relevant video clip, building a model to represent the phenomena, testing, validating and refining their model, and publishing it – together with comments – on our web-based collaboration system, WebReports. Students were encouraged to consider the limitations of their current model, with the aim that they would eventually appreciate the benefit of constructing a general model that would work for all collision classes, rather than a different model for each class. We describe how our intention to engage students with the underlying concepts of conservation, closed systems and system states was instantiated in the activity design, and how the modelling activities afforded an alternative representational framework to traditional algebraic description

Who watches the watchers: Validating the ProB Validation Tool

Over the years, ProB has moved from a tool that complemented proving, to a development environment that is now sometimes used instead of proving for applications, such as exhaustive model checking or data validation. This has led to much more stringent requirements on the integrity of ProB. In this paper we present a summary of our validation efforts for ProB, in particular within the context of the norm EN 50128 and safety critical applications in the railway domain.Comment: In Proceedings F-IDE 2014, arXiv:1404.578

Total Haskell is Reasonable Coq

We would like to use the Coq proof assistant to mechanically verify properties of Haskell programs. To that end, we present a tool, named hs-to-coq, that translates total Haskell programs into Coq programs via a shallow embedding. We apply our tool in three case studies -- a lawful Monad instance, "Hutton's razor", and an existing data structure library -- and prove their correctness. These examples show that this approach is viable: both that hs-to-coq applies to existing Haskell code, and that the output it produces is amenable to verification.Comment: 13 pages plus references. Published at CPP'18, In Proceedings of 7th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs (CPP'18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 201

The Search for the Laws of Automatic Random Testing

Can one estimate the number of remaining faults in a software system? A credible estimation technique would be immensely useful to project managers as well as customers. It would also be of theoretical interest, as a general law of software engineering. We investigate possible answers in the context of automated random testing, a method that is increasingly accepted as an effective way to discover faults. Our experimental results, derived from best-fit analysis of a variety of mathematical functions, based on a large number of automated tests of library code equipped with automated oracles in the form of contracts, suggest a poly-logarithmic law. Although further confirmation remains necessary on different code bases and testing techniques, we argue that understanding the laws of testing may bring significant benefits for estimating the number of detectable faults and comparing different projects and practices.Comment: 20 page

Tests based on characterizations, and their efficiencies: a survey

A survey of goodness-of-fit and symmetry tests based on the characterization properties of distributions is presented. This approach became popular in recent years. In most cases the test statistics are functionals of $U$-empirical processes. The limiting distributions and large deviations of new statistics under the null hypothesis are described. Their local Bahadur efficiency for various parametric alternatives is calculated and compared with each other as well as with diverse previously known tests. We also describe new directions of possible research in this domain.Comment: Open access in Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematic

How functional programming mattered

In 1989 when functional programming was still considered a niche topic, Hughes wrote a visionary paper arguing convincingly ‘why functional programming matters’. More than two decades have passed. Has functional programming really mattered? Our answer is a resounding ‘Yes!’. Functional programming is now at the forefront of a new generation of programming technologies, and enjoying increasing popularity and influence. In this paper, we review the impact of functional programming, focusing on how it has changed the way we may construct programs, the way we may verify programs, and fundamentally the way we may think about programs

An overview of the goodness-of-fit test problem for copulas

We review the main "omnibus procedures" for goodness-of-fit testing for copulas: tests based on the empirical copula process, on probability integral transformations, on Kendall's dependence function, etc, and some corresponding reductions of dimension techniques. The problems of finding asymptotic distribution-free test statistics and the calculation of reliable p-values are discussed. Some particular cases, like convenient tests for time-dependent copulas, for Archimedean or extreme-value copulas, etc, are dealt with. Finally, the practical performances of the proposed approaches are briefly summarized