Spontaneous Breaking of Scale Invariance in a d=3 U(N) Model with Chern-Simons Gauge Field

We study spontaneous breaking of scale invariance in the large N limit of three dimensional $U(N)_\kappa$ Chern-Simons theories coupled to a scalar field in the fundamental representation. When a $\lambda_6(\phi^\dagger\cdot\phi)^3$ self interaction term is added to the action we find a massive phase at a certain critical value for a combination of the $\lambda_6$ and 't Hooft's $\lambda=N/\kappa$ couplings. This model attracted recent attention since at finite $\kappa$ it contains a singlet sector which is conjectured to be dual to Vasiliev's higher spin gravity on $AdS_4$. Our paper concentrates on the massive phase of the 3d boundary theory. We discuss the advantage of introducing masses in the boundary theory through spontaneous breaking of scale invariance.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures. several lines changed in the introduction. typos correcte

An extensive English language bibliography on graph theory and its applications

Bibliography on graph theory and its application

Rectangular Layouts and Contact Graphs

Contact graphs of isothetic rectangles unify many concepts from applications including VLSI and architectural design, computational geometry, and GIS. Minimizing the area of their corresponding {\em rectangular layouts} is a key problem. We study the area-optimization problem and show that it is NP-hard to find a minimum-area rectangular layout of a given contact graph. We present O(n)-time algorithms that construct $O(n^2)$-area rectangular layouts for general contact graphs and $O(n\log n)$-area rectangular layouts for trees. (For trees, this is an $O(\log n)$-approximation algorithm.) We also present an infinite family of graphs (rsp., trees) that require $\Omega(n^2)$ (rsp., $\Omega(n\log n)$) area. We derive these results by presenting a new characterization of graphs that admit rectangular layouts using the related concept of {\em rectangular duals}. A corollary to our results relates the class of graphs that admit rectangular layouts to {\em rectangle of influence drawings}.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, 55 references, 1 appendi

The Dirichlet space: A Survey

In this paper we survey many results on the Dirichlet space of analytic functions. Our focus is more on the classical Dirichlet space on the disc and not the potential generalizations to other domains or several variables. Additionally, we focus mainly on certain function theoretic properties of the Dirichlet space and omit covering the interesting connections between this space and operator theory. The results discussed in this survey show what is known about the Dirichlet space and compares it with the related results for the Hardy space.Comment: 35 pages, typoes corrected, some open problems adde

Potential Theory on Trees, Graphs and Ahlfors Regular Metric Spaces

We investigate connections between potential theories on a Ahlfors-regular metric space X, on a graph G associated with X, and on the tree T obtained by removing the "horizontal edges" in G. Applications to the calculation of set capacity are given.Comment: 45 pages; presentation improved based on referee comment