Parallel and Distributed Computing

The 14 chapters presented in this book cover a wide variety of representative works ranging from hardware design to application development. Particularly, the topics that are addressed are programmable and reconfigurable devices and systems, dependability of GPUs (General Purpose Units), network topologies, cache coherence protocols, resource allocation, scheduling algorithms, peertopeer networks, largescale network simulation, and parallel routines and algorithms. In this way, the articles included in this book constitute an excellent reference for engineers and researchers who have particular interests in each of these topics in parallel and distributed computing

Advances in Solid State Circuit Technologies

This book brings together contributions from experts in the fields to describe the current status of important topics in solid-state circuit technologies. It consists of 20 chapters which are grouped under the following categories: general information, circuits and devices, materials, and characterization techniques. These chapters have been written by renowned experts in the respective fields making this book valuable to the integrated circuits and materials science communities. It is intended for a diverse readership including electrical engineers and material scientists in the industry and academic institutions. Readers will be able to familiarize themselves with the latest technologies in the various fields

The Design, Simulation and Implementation of Inductively Powered Sensor Systems: New Applications, Design Methodologies and a Unique Coil Topology

Three case studies have been presented for new applications of inductive energy and data transfer (iEDT)-sensor systems. The first application is a condensation detection system for the windshield of an automobile. The developed iEDT-sensor prototype provides a low cost alternative for wireless dew point measurements which involves no wired connections and so can be easily replaced when the windshield is damaged. The second application involves an iEDT-sensor prototype developed wirelessly query the flow rate in a pipe. For the third application, measurement results were performed for a wireless implant system. The application involves a Wireless Sensor (WS), implanted under the dura mater, which was to be used for long term cortical measurement and stimulation with a very high resolution. A suite of tools provided two independent methods of simulating the coil self resonance, quality factor, coupling and self inductance as well as the overall system efficiency. The inductance and coupling were verified within 10% error compared to measurement results and the resonance, quality factor and efficiency to within 30% error. An accurate simulation of the efficiency was predicated by an accurate simulation of the quality factor at the operating frequency. A series of scripts were also developed to automate the construction of the coil geometry, the simulation control and the compilation of the simulation results. These scripts offered the ability to quickly analyze variations in implementation and their affect on the system parameters and efficiency. For the third application, a new and unique topology for the iEDT-sensor system was presented which resulted in three redundant and independent implant coils each capable of simultaneously delivering power to the sensor electronics. This phased array topology has never before been examined for iEDT-systems as far as is known by the author. The new topology demonstrated a similar efficiency when compared to a single implant coil system of the same dimensions and a similar quality factor. Upon implantation, simulations demonstrated that the expected loss in efficiency should be limited to 10%. SAR-value simulations showed that the ISM frequencies at or below 13.56MHz would be in compliance with FCC regulations. The coupling and self inductance measurements for the phased array coil system were confirmed within 10% error compared to the simulations and the quality factor, self-resonance and efficiency were also shown to be accurate to within 20%. The simulated maximum efficiency of the phased array system was, however, substantially lower than the analytically calculated efficiency due to parasitic effects. The outlook for the work is as follows. The scripts should be expanded to include inductors with magnetic cores in order to allow for high power and low frequency applications as well as 3-D simulations in order to allow for more complex geometries. It should also be possible to increase the efficiency per unit area of the phased array coil system by minimizing the parasitic impedance thereby leading to an efficiency per unit area that is greater than that of a single coil system. The result would be a higher efficiency system, especially important for high power applications. This type of phased array coil approach could also be employed in the coil system of the Wireless Power Supply in order to create large areas which could efficiently supply mobile wireless devices with power

Synthesis, Characterisation and Device Application of Silicon Nanoparticles produced by Mechanical Attrition

Nanostructured silicon is a promising materials for research because it serves as building blocks for nanotechnological applications, such as nano and quantum electronics, sensors and energy applications. However, many of the synthesis methods come with an increased level of sophistication, and thus the unit cost of material produced is high. The study shows that cheap and mass production of silicon nanoparticles can be achieved e ciently with a topdown process of mechanical attrition, particularly using an orbital pulveriser. The inclusion of the powder in a polymeric binder resulted in a new class of nanocomposite whose electrical properties are promising for devise applications using simple printing processes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the powders consist of a wide range of size and shape distribution, with large faceted particles with sizes between 1 ô 3 m and relatively small particles of sizes 40ô100nm. The variation of the average particle size with milling time ts well with a rst order exponential decay model which was used to evaluate the limiting particle size as about 120nm. The structural properties of the nanocomposites was investigated using small angle X-ray scattering, while the electrical properties were investigated by conducting I ô V measurements on a metal-nanocomposite-metal structure. Further tests for electronic properties like eld e ect mobilities were achieved by using the nanocomposite as the active layer in an insulated gate eld e ect transistor structure. Electrical characterisation reveals that the carrier injection and transport is determined by two main factors: the concentration of particles constituting the composite, and the level of external bias voltage on the structure. The nanocomposite systems show a clear percolation threshold for charge conduction. Below the percolation threshold, transport is mainly limited by the matrix or insulating binding medium. Direct tunneling and eld emission (FE) are the major transport mechanism for all concentrations at low voltages, while thermally activated processes, such as hopping and thermionic emission are major contributors at low concentrations. At higher concentrations and eld, Poole-Frenkel and Richardson-Schottky conduction mechanisms, resulting from barrier limiting process in the interface, of the metal contact to an interfacial insulator is dominant. Similar pronounced contribution from space charge limited current process resulting from accumulation of charges at the interface, and traps in the bulk, is pronounced at concentrations above the percolation threshold. The transistors function as ambipolar devices, where the dominance of either carrier is deteri mined by the sign and swing direction of the gate potential. The best transistors fabricated have a hole mobility of 2:63 10ô5cm2=V s and electron mobility 7:81 10ô7cm2=V s

A Scalable and Adaptive Network on Chip for Many-Core Architectures

In this work, a scalable network on chip (NoC) for future many-core architectures is proposed and investigated. It supports different QoS mechanisms to ensure predictable communication. Self-optimization is introduced to adapt the energy footprint and the performance of the network to the communication requirements. A fault tolerance concept allows to deal with permanent errors. Moreover, a template-based automated evaluation and design methodology and a synthesis flow for NoCs is introduced

Argonne National Laboratory Reports

Many of Argonne National Laboratory`s (ANL`s) scientific staff members were very active in R & D work related to accelerator-based spoliation sources in the 1970s and early 1980s. In 1984, the Seitz/Eastman Panel of the National Academy of Sciences reviewed U.S. materials science research facilities. One of the recommendations of this panel was that the United States build a reactor-based steady-state source, the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS), at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Subsequently, R & D activities related to the design of an accelerator-based source assumed a lower priority. The resumption of pulsed-source studies in this country started simultaneously with design activities in Europe aimed at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The European Community funded a workshop in September 1991 to define the parameters of the ESS. Participants in this workshop included both accelerator builders and neutron source users. A consortium of European countries has proposed to build a 5-MW pulsed source, and a feasibility study is currently under way. Soon after the birth of the ESS, a small group at ANL set about bringing themselves up to date on pulsed-source information since 1984 and studied the feasibility of upgrading ANL`s Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) to 1 MW by means of a rapidly cycling synchrotron that could be housed, along with its support facilities, in existing buildings. In early 1993, the Kohn panel recommended that (1) design and construction of the ANS should be completed according to the proposed project schedule and (2) development of competitive proposals for cost-effective design and construction of a 1-MW pulsed spallation source should be authorized immediately

EUROSENSORS XVII : book of abstracts

Fundação Calouste Gulbenkien (FCG).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Aeronautical engineering, a continuing bibliography with indexes

This bibliography lists 419 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in March 1985

Intelligent Multiphase Flow Measurement

The oil and gas industry’s goal of developing high performing multiphase flow metering systems capable of reducing costs in the exploitation of marginal oil and gas reserves, especially in remote environments, cannot be over emphasised. Development of a cost-effective multiphase flow meter to determine the individual phase flow rates of oil, water and gas was experimentally investigated by means of low cost, simple and non-intrusive commercially available sensors. Features from absolute pressure, differential pressure (axial), gamma densitometer, conductivity and capacitance meters, in combination with pattern recognition techniques were used to detect shifts in flow conditions, such as flow structure, pressure and salinity changes and measured multiphase flow parameters simultaneously without the need for preconditioning or prior knowledge of either phase. The experiments were carried out at the National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) Multiphase facility. Data was sampled at 250 Hz across a wide spectrum of flow conditions. Fluids used were nitrogen gas, oil (Forties and Beryl crude oil – D80, 33o API gravity) and water (salinity levels of 50 and 100 g/l MgSO4). The sensor spool piece was horizontally mounted on a 4-inch (102mm) pipe, and the database was obtained from two different locations on the flow loop. The ability to learn from ‘experience’ is a feature of neural networks. The use of neural networks allows re-calibration of the measuring system on line through a retraining process when new information becomes available. Some benefits and capabilities of intelligent multiphase flow systems include: Reduction in the physical size of installations. Sensor fusion by merging the operating envelopes of different sensors employed provided even better results. Monitoring of flow conditions, not just flow rate but also composition of components. Using conventional sensors within the system will present the industry with a much lower cost multiphase meter, and better reliability. Comment [HS1]: I think this word should be measured to make the sentence read correctly