745 research outputs found

    Low-Latency Infrastructure-Based Cellular V2V Communications for Multi-Operator Environments With Regional Split

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    [EN] Mobile network operators are interested in providing Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication services using their cellular infrastructure. Regional split of operators is one possible approach to support multi-operator infrastructure-based cellular V2V communication. In this approach, a geographical area is divided into non-overlapping regions, each one served by a unique operator. Its main drawback is the communication interruption motivated by the inter-operator handover in border areas, which prevents the fulfillment of the maximum end-to-end (E2E) latency requirements of fifth generation (5G) V2V services related to autonomous driving. In this work, we enable a fast inter-operator handover based on the pre-registration of the users on multiple operators, which substantially reduces the handover time to guarantee maximum E2E latency values of 100 ms in non-congested scenarios. To further reduce the latency of time-critical services to always less than 70 ms, even with the handover interruption time, while providing a latency around 20 ms in the majority of locations, we propose to complement the former technique with a mobile edge computing approach. Our proposal consists in the localization of application servers and broadcasting entities in all the base stations, to avoid the communication through the core network, together with the use of a new set of nodes in the base stations of cross-border areas called inter-operator relays, to minimize the communication latency between operators. Based on analytic and simulation results, it is demonstrated that the proposed techniques are effective to support low-latency infrastructure-based cellular V2V communications in multi-operator environments with regional split.The work of S. Roger was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant number RYC-2017-22101.Martín-Sacristán, D.; Roger, S.; Garcia-Roger, D.; Monserrat Del Río, JF.; Spapis, P.; Zhou, C.; Kaloxylos, A. (2021). Low-Latency Infrastructure-Based Cellular V2V Communications for Multi-Operator Environments With Regional Split. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 22(2):1052-1067. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.29620971052106722

    Personal rights management (PRM) : enabling privacy rights in digital online media content

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    With ubiquitous use of digital camera devices, especially in mobile phones, privacy is no longer threatened by governments and companies only. The new technology creates a new threat by ordinary people, who now have the means to take and distribute pictures of one’s face at no risk and little cost in any situation in public and private spaces. Fast distribution via web based photo albums, online communities and web pages expose an individual’s private life to the public in unpreceeded ways. Social and legal measures are increasingly taken to deal with this problem. In practice however, they lack efficiency, as they are hard to enforce in practice. In this paper, we discuss a supportive infrastructure aiming for the distribution channel; as soon as the picture is publicly available, the exposed individual has a chance to find it and take proper action.Wir stellen ein System zur Wahrnehmung des Rechts am eigenen Bild bei der Veröffentlichung digitaler Fotos, zum Beispiel von Handykameras, im Internet vor. Zur Entdeckung der Veröffentlichung schlagen wir ein Watermarking-Verfahren vor, welches das Auffinden der Bilder durch die potentiell abgebildeten Personen ermöglicht, ohne die Rechte des Fotografen einzuschränken

    Network-based localized IP mobility management: Proxy Mobile IPv6 and current trends in standardization

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    IP mobility support has been a hot topic over the last years, recently fostered by the role of IP in the evolution of the 3G mobile communication networks. Standardization bodies, namely IETF, IEEE and 3GPP are working on different aspects of the mobility aiming at improving the mobility experience perceived by users. Traditional IP mobility support mechanisms, Mobile IPv4 or Mobile IPv6, are based on the operation of the terminal to keep ongoing sessions despite the movement. The current trend is towards network-based solutions where mobility support is based on network operation. Proxy Mobile IPv6 is a promising specification that allows network operators to provide localized mobility support without relying on mobility functionality or configuration present in the mobile nodes, which greatly eases the deployment of the solution. This paper presents Proxy Mobile IPv6 and the different extensions that are been considered by the standardization bodies to enhance the basic protocol with interesting features needed to offer a richer mobility experience, namely, flow mobility, multicast and network mobility support.European Community's Seventh Framework ProgramThe research leading to the results presented in this paper has received funding from the Spanish MICINN through the I-MOVING project (TEC2010-18907) and from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 258053 (MEDIEVAL project).Publicad

    Impacto das comunicações M2M em redes celulares de telecomunicações

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    Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e de TelecomunicaçõesAs comunicações Máquina-Máquina (M2M) apresentam um crescimento muito significativo e algumas projeções apontam para que esta tendência se acentue drasticamente ao longo dos próximos anos. O tráfego gerado por este tipo de comunicações tem caraterísticas muito diferentes do tráfego de dados, ou voz, que atualmente circula nas redes celulares de telecomunicações. Assim, é fundamental estudar as caraterísticas dos tipos de tráfego associados com comunicações M2M, por forma a compreender os efeitos que tais caraterísticas podem provocar nas redes celulares de telecomunicações. Esta dissertação procura identificar e estudar algumas das caraterísticas do tráfego M2M, com especial enfoque na sinalização gerada por serviços M2M. Como resultado principal deste trabalho surge o desenvolvimento de modelos que permitem a construção de uma ferramenta analítica de orquestração de serviços e análise de rede. Esta ferramenta permite orquestrar serviços e modelar padrões de tráfego numa rede UMTS, possibilitando uma análise simultânea aos efeitos produzidos no segmento core da mesma rede. Ao longo deste trabalho procura-se que a abordagem aos problemas apresentados permita que os resultados obtidos sejam válidos, ou adaptáveis, num âmbito mais abrangente do que apenas as comunicações M2M.Machine to Machine (M2M) communications present significant growth and some projections indicate that this trend is going to increase dramatically over the coming years. The traffic generated by this type of communication has very different characteristics when compared to data or voice traffic currently going through cellular telecommunications networks. Thus, it is essential to study the characteristics of traffic associated with M2M communications in order to understand the effects that its features can imply to cellular telecommunications networks. This dissertation tries to identify and study some of the characteristics of M2M traffic, with particular focus on signaling generated by M2M services. A number of models, that enable the development of an analytic tool for service orchestration and network analysis, are presented. This tool enables service orchestration and traffic modeling on a UMTS network, with simultaneous visualization of the impacts on the core of such network. The work presented in this document seeks to approach the problems at study in ways ensuring that its outcomes are valid for a wider scope than just M2M communications

    WIRELESS NETWORK STUDY AND ANALYSIS USING NS2 SIMULATOR

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    NS2 (Network Simulation version 2) is a well-known generic network simulator. Unlike other expensive simulation software, it is free and based on open source. It is widely used to simulate and emulate communication networks. Furthermore, it has a rich library of network and protocol objects, which almost involve most of the aspects of network technology. This makes NS2 the most favorable simulation software which is widely used in academic research. On the other hand, the results of the simulation are validated by many research centers. For this reason many published articles about network technology show their results by using NS2 simulation. Additionally, act an excellent instruction tool NS2 is widely utilized in education. Nowadays, NS2 becomes more and more popular in scientific research and education. Nevertheless, NS2 is quite difficult to handle for a beginner. Some reasons are: the content of NS2 is very huge; the official NS manual is not updated regularly and a lot of relative knowledge and tools are involved to operate NS2 efficiently. NS2 will be one of the main tools in the research activities of the Telecommunication Engineering Group (TEG). Hence, the main target of this thesis is to study NS2 deeply and to show how to construct an emulation environment by using NS2 and MATLAB. Different simulators are given to demonstrate how to proceed with NS2. This thesis will be one reference for TEG researches for the applications of NS2.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

    Survival Strategies in the Spanish ICT Sector: Amper between Two Crises

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    This article aims to study the performance of an oligopolistic sector through the case of a medium-sized multinational company, belonging to the telecommunications equipment industry, at a time of crisis. Its interest lies in the contrast with a general situation during the first decade of the new millennium, sealed by the numerical predominance of the small size in the companies of the planet, on the one hand, and the determining weight of the big multinational companies. In this sense, it aims to make a contribution to the debate on the impact of resource and size constraints on the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) . It also seeks to intervene in the controversy over patterns of adaptation to markets and technological change in general in their struggle for survival. In the particular facet of internationalization based on foreign direct investment (FDI), it seeks to delve into the patterns and reasons for SME FDI defended by traditional theories. The business model based on proprietary technology and strong internationalisation that Amper exemplifies achieved irrefutable results in the face of the crisis, but some evidence suggests a return, insufficiency and unfulfilled results

    Study of the benefits and applications of LEO (Low Earth Orbit) for communications and definition of space new business models: OneWeb case

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    The existing global digital divide between the different geographic areas, leads to almost half of the world’s population lacking access to a reliable Internet connection. OneWeb, a global telecommunications company, aims to deploy an initial constellation of 648 satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) to provide high-speed and low-latency connectivity to governments, businesses and communities around the world. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the study of the benefits provided by this orbit in the telecommunications field, for the subsequent analysis and development of OneWeb’s business model, by means of the CANVAS methodology. This project is integrated within the DISCOVERER framework, a European project dedicated to the research of innovative technologies for its application in the lowest orbits (VLEO), in which UPC is involved focusing on the market analysis to solve the existing market challenge

    Accepting the challenges of IP-based UMTS radio access network evolution scenarios

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    The tendency in future mobile Radio Access Networks (RANs) consists in an increase of new and Internet Protocol (IP)-based services with strict requirements regarding bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS) and in a dominance of packet data traffic in future mobile networks. Existing mobile networks (e.g. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Release 99 (R99)), which are designed assuming a predominance of circuit switched traffic, are not suitable to efficiently carry IP traffic under consideration of the hierarchical and centralistic network structure of existing mobile networks, the coupling of user and control plane and the strict delay requirements in the RAN. Consequently, an architecture evolution of mobile RANs with regard to their network architecture has to take place. Within the cooperation of Lucent Technologies and the University of Duisburg-Essen in the project IPonAir, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)), and within the work carried out for this thesis, a flexible, efficient and toolsupported approach was developed that allows for an evaluation of future mobile RANs with regard to signaling performance. This approach provides decision support to the designer of future mobile networks in a very early design phase. The evaluation approach comprises a methodology for eventdriven simulation of signaling sequences, depicted in the form of Message Sequence Charts (MSCs), as well as a toolkit – both, i.e. the simulation methodology as well as the toolkit, enable an optimization as well as an assessment of future mobile RANs with regard to signaling performance as well as a comparison with the UMTS R99 as a reference architecture. In the thesis on hand, the above mentioned evaluation approach is presented in detail. Moreover, the approach is applied to potential evolution scenarios of mobile RANs. On the one hand these RAN evolution scenarios are optimized with regard to signaling performance. On the other hand the RAN evolution scenarios are compared to the UMTS R99 reference architecture with regard to their signaling performance behavior

    A Unified Mobility Management Architecture for Interworked Heterogeneous Mobile Networks

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    The buzzword of this decade has been convergence: the convergence of telecommunications, Internet, entertainment, and information technologies for the seamless provisioning of multimedia services across different network types. Thus the future Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) can be envisioned as a group of co-existing heterogeneous mobile data networking technologies sharing a common Internet Protocol (IP) based backbone. In such all-IP based heterogeneous networking environments, ongoing sessions from roaming users are subjected to frequent vertical handoffs across network boundaries. Therefore, ensuring uninterrupted service continuity during session handoffs requires successful mobility and session management mechanisms to be implemented in these participating access networks. Therefore, it is essential for a common interworking framework to be in place for ensuring seamless service continuity over dissimilar networks to enable a potential user to freely roam from one network to another. For the best of our knowledge, the need for a suitable unified mobility and session management framework for the NGMN has not been successfully addressed as yet. This can be seen as the primary motivation of this research. Therefore, the key objectives of this thesis can be stated as: To propose a mobility-aware novel architecture for interworking between heterogeneous mobile data networks To propose a framework for facilitating unified real-time session management (inclusive of session establishment and seamless session handoff) across these different networks. In order to achieve the above goals, an interworking architecture is designed by incorporating the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as the coupling mediator between dissipate mobile data networking technologies. Subsequently, two different mobility management frameworks are proposed and implemented over the initial interworking architectural design. The first mobility management framework is fully handled by the IMS at the Application Layer. This framework is primarily dependant on the IMS’s default session management protocol, which is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The second framework is a combined method based on SIP and the Mobile IP (MIP) protocols, which is essentially operated at the Network Layer. An analytical model is derived for evaluating the proposed scheme for analyzing the network Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and measures involved in session mobility management for the proposed mobility management frameworks. More precisely, these analyzed QoS metrics include vertical handoff delay, transient packet loss, jitter, and signaling overhead/cost. The results of the QoS analysis indicates that a MIP-SIP based mobility management framework performs better than its predecessor, the Pure-SIP based mobility management method. Also, the analysis results indicate that the QoS performances for the investigated parameters are within acceptable levels for real-time VoIP conversations. An OPNET based simulation platform is also used for modeling the proposed mobility management frameworks. All simulated scenarios prove to be capable of performing successful VoIP session handoffs between dissimilar networks whilst maintaining acceptable QoS levels. Lastly, based on the findings, the contributions made by this thesis can be summarized as: The development of a novel framework for interworked heterogeneous mobile data networks in a NGMN environment. The final design conveniently enables 3G cellular technologies (such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) or Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) type systems), Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) technologies, and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networking (WMAN) technologies (e.g., Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) systems such as WiMAX) to interwork under a common signaling platform. The introduction of a novel unified/centralized mobility and session management platform by exploiting the IMS as a universal coupling mediator for real-time session negotiation and management. This enables a roaming user to seamlessly handoff sessions between different heterogeneous networks. As secondary outcomes of this thesis, an analytical framework and an OPNET simulation framework are developed for analyzing vertical handoff performance. This OPNET simulation platform is suitable for commercial use

    Evaluating the effectiveness of Cooperative/Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) LTE feature in uplink and downlink transmissions

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    Shannon demonstrated that the channel capacity depends of the ratio of the received signal power to interference plus noise power (SINR). Inter-cell interference caused by neighbouring base stations (BSs) has been identified as one of the most severe problem towards the deployment of LTE technology as it can significantly deteriorate the performance of cellside User Equipment (UE). However, because of regulatory and radiation restrictions as well as operational costs, signal power may only be increased only up to a certain limit to reduce the interference. The other common radio propagation impairment is multipath. Multipath refers to a scenario where multiple copies of a signal propagate to a receiver using different paths. The paths can be created due to signal reflection, scattering and diffraction. As will be discussed later the effects of multipath contribute little to intercell interference because multipath characteristics such as delay spread are compensated for using cyclic prefixes. In this work, we will limit our scope to interference as it has been identified as the main cause of performance degradation for cell edge users due to the full frequency reuse technique used in LTE. To mitigate interference 3GPP devised options of increasing the capacity in LTEAdvanced Release 12 which include the use of spectral aggregation, employing Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna techniques, deploying more base stations and micro and femto cells, increasing the degree of sectorisation and Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP). We are primarily interested in evaluating performance improvements introduced when uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) coordinated/cooperative multipoint (CoMP) is enabled in LTE Advanced Release 12 as a way of reducing interference among sites. The CoMP option of reducing interference does not require deployment of new equipment compared to the other options mentioned above hence network deployment costs are minimal. CoMP in theory is known to reduce interference especially for cell edge users and therefore improves network fairness. With CoMP, multiple points coordinate with each other such that transmission of signals to and from other points do not incur serious interference or the interference can even be exploited as a meaningful signal. In September 2011 work on specifications for CoMP support was started in 3GPP LTEAdvanced as one of the core features in LTE-Advanced Release 11 to improve cell edge user throughput as well as the average network throughput. We set to do field measurements in the evaluation of the effectiveness of CoMP in LTE. 3GPP LTE Release 12 was used and cell edge users' performance was the focus. The network operates in 2330 - 2350 MHz band (Channel 40). From the field measurements, it was demonstrated that the CoMP (Scenario 2) feature indeed effective in improving service quality/user experience/fairness for cell edge users. CoMP inherently improves network capacity. A seven (7) percent throughput was noticed
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