Defense Technical Information Center thesaurus

This DTIC Thesaurus provides a basic multidisciplinary subject term vocabulary used by DTIC to index and retrieve scientific and technical information from its various data bases and to aid DTIC`s users in their information storage and retrieval operations. It includes an alphabetical posting term display, a hierarchy display, and a Keywork Out of Context (KWOC) display

The development of a warhead into an integrated weapon system to provide an advanced battlefield capability

This thesis addresses the topic of integration of weapons systems into communication networks to provide an advanced battlefield capability, with particular application to air launched and long range crew served weapon systems which may also be vehicle mounted. It considers the use of 'Military off-the-shelf' seeker, navigation and communication systems coupled with a novel tandem warhead system. This combination of 'low risk' technologies and a novel warhead system is intended to demonstrate a greater flexibility in weapon systems which could be exploited to reduce development risk, integration risk, qualification costs and increase target defeat capability across the wider more current target set. The use of a suitable communication and navigation system enabling integration of such a weapon system into a networked force was also investigated. This thesis is based on one area of research; Multiple Effects Weapons. Research is being undertaken by several nations on Multiple Effects Weapons. The aim of this research is not to provide a one weapon fits all solution, a panacea, the aim is to widen the utility of one system which could be employed in many roles. As yet no warhead system has achieved the types of effects that are being sought, although research and product development – particularly in the United States of America - continues. Therefore the United Kingdom government has sought to understand what technologies would be required to achieve a truly flexible warhead system which would enable defeat of large Main Battle Tanks, heavily armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicles, Soft Skinned Vehicles, infantry and urban structures. To this end numerical modelling, design and a demonstration programme of a MEW warhead system was performed. MEW systems are not only reliant on 'Smart' warhead systems, the application of sensors, fuzing and communication systems are crucial to enable suitable employment of a 'one size fits most' approach. The other important sub-systems which provide the link to the battlefield network are also discussed in this thesis, the inclusion of these well developed low risk technologies make it is possible to bring such systems into service in the near term with increased system flexibility. The integration of such a system relies on the current United States Department of Defense procurement strategy which includes development of the Joint Tactical Radio System radio system which will allow Ad-Hoc networking between platforms, weapons systems and commanders. Airframe and propulsion technologies are not discussed; they are outside of the scope of this thesis. The use of proprietary data from suppliers other than QinetiQ has been avoided as suitable permissions are not in place, this has limited the systems engineering aspects of this thesis to high level block diagrams which provide guidance on integration issues

A novel dual-spin actuation mechanism for small calibre, spin stabilised, guided projectiles

© Cranfield University 2022. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the author and copyright holderSmall calibre projectiles are spin-stabilised to increase ballistic stability, often at high frequencies. Due to hardware limitations, conventional actuators and meth ods are unable to provide satisfactory control at such high frequencies. With the reduced volume for control hardware and increased financial cost, incorporating traditional guid ance methods into small-calibre projectiles is inherently difficult. This work presents a novel method of projectile control which addresses these issues and conducts a systems level analysis of the underlying actuation mechanism. The design is shown to be a viable alternative to traditional control methods, Firstly, a 7 Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) dynamic model is created for dual-spin pro jectiles, including aerodynamic coefficients. The stability of dual-spin projectiles, gov erned by the gyroscopic and dynamic stability factors is given, discussed and unified across available literature. The model is implemented in a Matlab/Simulink simulation environ ment, which is in turn validated against a range of academic literature and experimental test data. The novel design and fundamental operating principle are presented. The actuation mechanism (AM) is then mathematically formulated from both a velocity change (∆V ) and a lateral acceleration (a˜) perspective. A set of axioms are declared and verified using the 7-DoF model, showing that the inherently discrete system behaviour can be controlled continuously via these control variables, ∆V or a˜. Control state switching is simplified to be instantaneous, then expanded to be generically characterised by an arbitrarily complex mathematical function. A detailed investigation, parametric analysis and sensitivity study is undertaken to understand the system behaviour. A Monte Carlo procedure is described, which is used to compare the correction cap abilities of different guidance laws (GLs). A bespoke Zero-Effort-Miss (ZEM) based GLis synthesised from the mathematical formulation of the AM, with innately more know ledge of the system behaviour, which allows superior error correction. This bespoke GL is discussed in detail, a parametric study is undertaken, and both the GL parameters and PID controller gains are optimised using a genetic algorithm. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Reinforcement learning methods are used to emulate a GL, as well as controlling the AM and operating as a GL, simultaneously. The novel GLs are compared against a traditional proportional navigation GL in a nominal system and all GLs were able to control the AMs, reducing the miss distance to a satisfactory margin. The ZEM-based GL provided superior correction to the AI GL, which in turn provided superior correction over proportional navigation. Example CAD models are shown, and the stability analysis is conducted on the geometry. The CAD model is then used in CFD simulations to determine aerodynamic coefficients for use in the 7-DoF dynamic model. The novel control method was able to reduce the 95% dispersion diameter of a traditional ballistic 7.62mm projectile from 70mm to 33mm. Statistical data analysis showed there was no significant correlation or bias present in either the nominal or 7-DoF dispersion patterns. This project is co-sponsored by BAE Systems and ESPRC (ref. 1700064). The con tents of this thesis are covered by patent applications GB2011850.1, GB 2106035.5 and EP 20275128.5. Two papers are currently published (DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2019.06.003, the second DOI is pending) and one is undergoing peer review..PH

The Development of Design Requirements and Application of Guided Hard-Launch Munitions on Aerial Platforms

This thesis outlines the potential and need for a paradigm shift that will fundamentally alter the way aerial engagement is carried out in the coming decades. The implementation of guided hard-launch munitions on aerial platforms will effectively allow for greater target versatility while providing a defense system for the aircraft in question. A rearward facing gun barrel equipped with several smaller caliber guided rounds can effectively mitigate air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles from hostile forces, while larger caliber rounds in a traditional forward or side mounted barrel can engage both surface and airborne targets at close and medium-ranges. This study outlines the concept of operations for various mission types implementing these guided munitions from short-range direct fire encounters to long-range indirect fire. A computational model was then established to outline the design requirements for this particular type of munition family. The aerodynamics, structures, and guidance, navigation and controls were considered for each engagement type. A sample guided projectile concept was then applied to three airframes, the F-35A, AC-130U, and A-10, in order to demonstrate basic capability as a retrofit on exiting gunnery systems. The modified system capability was then juxtaposed with existing aerial combat potential

Artillery with the Regular Army in the West from 1866 to 1890

Military history is an extremely broad field of study. The amount of information which confronts the historian is voluminous. As a result, military historians, out of self-defense, tend to limit their study to a certain period, region, or facet of warfare, such as the use of cavalry. This allows for some depth to their studies. It precludes too much information and possibly confusion from entering into their written efforts. The general topic of American military history has fascinated me for many years. However, I have yet to limit my investigations to a particular period, finding each century or war too interesting to omit. I have narrowed my current research to a particular aspect of American warfare. Four years of military service as an artillery officer has created a sensitivity to the role of artillerymen and cannons in battle. In the course of my graduate studies, I have found that military historians have generally succeeded in avoiding the subject of artillery, regardless of era or continent. I can only surmise that the fear of becoming mired in a confusing mass of technical terms explains this historiographical omission. The story of artillerymen and their cannons, especially in American history, has not been adequately told. This is particularly true of the vast body of works which deal with the frontier army and the Indian wars. An excessive amount of the literature on the Indian-fighting army concerns the cavalry. This is based on the assumption that the cavalry was the principle arm employed against the Indian tribes of North America. In reality, infantry and artillery units met the Indian in battle on more than one occasion. The infantry story has been told, indirectly, through the biographies of field commanders such as Nelson Miles and George Crook. This study fulfills a need to document the actions of artillerymen who fought in the West from 1866 to 1890. This has not been an easy task. There are no secondary works which even remotely address the topic of artillerymen or cannons in the Indian wars. Passing reference is made to certain units or cannons, but a detailed analysis does not exist. Personal papers and manuscripts, the fundamental resource of a historian, are maddeningly scarce. The official records, often incomplete in themselves, have been the major source of information.Histor

DRONE DELIVERY OF CBNRECy – DEW WEAPONS Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD)

Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD) is our sixth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs and UUVs. Our textbook takes on a whole new purview for UAS / CUAS/ UUV (drones) – how they can be used to deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction and Deception against CBRNE and civilian targets of opportunity. We are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. Our work suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1046/thumbnail.jp

1995 BRAC Commission

Navy - Air War Center, Technical Centers and Labs, China Lake, CA - Data Call (Part 2 of 2) June 15, 1994. Box 175, L-107

The implementation and enforcement of the obligation under the international law of armed conflict to take precautions in attack (1980-2005).

Existing international legal literature recognizes that parties to armed conflicts and individual combatants are legally required not only to refrain from deliberately attacking non-combatants and civilian objects, but also to take care to ensure (to the extent feasible) that such persons are not killed or injured, and such objects not destroyed or damaged, by accident or incidentally during military operations. This thesis looks at the practical application of this latter principle during a twenty-five year period following the entry into force of Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. It contends that although the rules in this area are not easily susceptible to judicial enforcement, they are nevertheless sufficiently flexible and realistic to be capable of effective implementation without detriment to military effectiveness. Examination of the practice of parties to various conflicts during the period under review suggests that if and to the extent that belligerents are ready to devote time and resources to training, leadership, internal accountability procedures, and to the provision of appropriate military equipment, they can, so long as they are not too impatient for quick results, comply with the Protocol I rules on precaution in attack without the need for combatants to take unreasonable risks for the sake of enemy non-combatants. Efforts to enforce the law externally have, however, met with mixed results, revealing more about the selectivity of international justice than about its effectiveness as a tool for ensuring fair treatment for victims and alleged violators of the rules on precautions in attack. The most potentially effective form of enforcement of these rules appears set to remain, for the time being at least, the influence over belligerents which some third party states and other international actors retain, but are perhaps sometimes hesitant to exercise in the interests of promoting respect for the law of armed conflict

The factors which influence the selection of physical targets by terrorist groups

The aim of terrorism is to influence a group of people or institutions - the psychological target or targets - by attacking the appropriate physical targets in order to prompt the desired response. Several factors influence the selection of physical targets by non-state terrorist groups. These include the ideology of the terrorist group concerned, the strategy adopted by the group and its capabilities, its need to take account of external opinion - including that of supporters, the measures adopted to protect likely targets, and the security environment within which the terrorist group operates. In addition, decision-making is affected by the dynamics within the group which are in turn affected by the psychological pressures of clandestinity and the frequent risk of death or capture which many terrorists run. The relationship between these factors varies from group to group, which is inevitable given the idiosyncratic nature of most terrorist groups, and the different circumstances in which they find themselves. However, it can generally be said that ideology sets out the moral framework within which terrorists operate - and which determines whether terrorists judge it to be legitimate to attack a range of target. After this, the determination of which targets it will actually be beneficial to attack depends upon the strategy which the group has adopted as a means of achieving its political objectives. The determination of their strategic objectives depends upon the effects which the terrorists hope their attacks will achieve. Thus, strategy further refines the range of targets initially delimited by the group's ideology. The other factors mentioned tend to act as constraints upon the group, partly - as with security measures - in restricting them from carrying out the types of attacks which they would desire but also in encouraging them to carry out attacks on certain targets in the hope of gaining benefits such as the approval of their supporters, or of gaining publicity for their cause. Underlying all of this is the human factor, whereby relations within the group, the impact of psychological pressure, and individual differences in moral judgements may influence the targets chosen by terrorists