42 research outputs found

    L'empathie et la vidéoconférence en séances simulées de téléthérapie

    Get PDF
    La tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie, soit l'offre de soins en psychothĂ©rapie Ă  l'aide de moyens de communication comme la vidĂ©oconfĂ©rence (VC), est une modalitĂ© de traitement de plus en plus utilisĂ©e. Bien que la recherche montre que cette modalitĂ© soit aussi efficace que les suivis en prĂ©sentiel et qu'elle permette la crĂ©ation de l'alliance thĂ©rapeutique avec les clients, des prĂ©occupations subsistent quant Ă  la possibilitĂ© que l'empathie soit impactĂ©e dans les suivis de tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie par VC. Les quelques donnĂ©es disponibles indiquent que l'empathie ressentie par les thĂ©rapeutes et perçue par les clients pourrait ĂȘtre moindre en VC qu'en prĂ©sentiel, ce qui n'a pas encore Ă©tĂ© testĂ© expĂ©rimentalement. Cet Ă©cart d'empathie proviendrait de la perte relative de certains indices non verbaux en VC, notamment du contact visuel. ConsidĂ©rant que l'empathie constitue un prĂ©dicteur de l'issue thĂ©rapeutique, il importe 1) d'Ă©lucider les mĂ©canismes propres au contexte de VC qui influencent l'empathie, 2) de tester quantitativement la prĂ©sence d'une diffĂ©rence d'empathie entre les sĂ©ances en VC et celles en prĂ©sentiel et 3) de dĂ©velopper des mĂ©thodes par lesquelles optimiser l'empathie en tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie. Ces objectifs sont abordĂ©s par l'entremise des quatre chapitres de la thĂšse. Le premier chapitre aborde le dĂ©veloppement d'un cadre conceptuel rendant compte de l'effet de filtre prĂ©sent dans un contexte de communication virtuelle et du probable impact dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre de cet effet de filtre sur l'empathie en tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie. Le chapitre 2, au moyen de deux Ă©tudes, montre que les niveaux d'empathie ressentie et perçue lors de sĂ©ances simulĂ©es de thĂ©rapie sont moins Ă©levĂ©s en VC qu'en prĂ©sentiel. Le chapitre 2 identifie Ă©galement que certains Ă©lĂ©ments de la tĂ©lĂ©prĂ©sence, soit l'impression pour les thĂ©rapeutes et les clients d'ĂȘtre ensemble durant l'appel en VC, corrĂšlent avec l'empathie rapportĂ©e par les thĂ©rapeutes et les clients. Les chapitres 3 et 4 investiguent l'effet du contact visuel sur l'empathie perçue en tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie. Le chapitre 3 dĂ©crit d'abord le dĂ©veloppement d'une mĂ©thodologie simple permettant de prĂ©server la perception de contact visuel en diminuant l'angle de regard situĂ© entre la camĂ©ra web et les yeux de l'interlocuteur sur l'Ă©cran d'ordinateur. Le chapitre 4 reprend cette mĂ©thodologie pour crĂ©er deux conditions expĂ©rimentales, avec ou sans contact visuel en VC. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que, contrairement aux hypothĂšses initiales, le fait de pouvoir Ă©tablir un contact visuel n'augmente pas les niveaux d'empathie et de tĂ©lĂ©prĂ©sence rapportĂ©s par les clients en sĂ©ances simulĂ©es de tĂ©lĂ©thĂ©rapie. Des donnĂ©es d'oculomĂ©trie prĂ©levĂ©es durant les sĂ©ances montrent que les clients ne regardent pas davantage les yeux et le visage du thĂ©rapeute dans la condition avec contact visuel. Une association est toutefois observĂ©e entre le temps passĂ© Ă  regarder les yeux du thĂ©rapeute et l'empathie rapportĂ©e par les clients, mais seulement dans la condition avec contact visuel. Ces donnĂ©es indiquent ainsi que les clients sont en mesure de percevoir l'empathie en VC, que le contact visuel soit possible ou non. La thĂšse dĂ©montre que l'empathie peut ĂȘtre affectĂ©e en contexte de VC, mais Ă©galement que les clients peuvent s'ajuster Ă  l'altĂ©ration de certains indices non verbaux lorsqu'ils jaugent l'empathie du thĂ©rapeute. Ces rĂ©sultats sont encourageants vu l'usage grandissant de cette modalitĂ© de traitement en contexte de pandĂ©mie mondiale de COVID-19.Teletherapy, defined as the use of a communication medium such as videoconference (VC) to conduct psychotherapy sessions at a distance, is increasingly used by therapists and clients. The use of teletherapy has seen a surge during the COVID-19 pandemic as a means to comply with the recommended social distancing measures. Though teletherapy has produced comparable outcomes to traditional, in-person therapy and is deemed a suitable modality for the establishment of therapeutic alliance, concerns remain over the possibility that empathy could be altered in teletherapy through VC. The available data, although limited, support the hypothesis that empathy could be lower in VC than in in-person sessions, but this has yet to be empirically tested. The relative loss of nonverbal cues in VC, such as the alteration of eye contact, could account for this potential discrepancy in empathy. There is therefore a need 1) to describe the influence of the VC medium on the mechanisms underlying empathy, 2) to quantitatively compare the levels of empathy in VC sessions to those in in-person sessions, and 3) to design a procedure to enhance empathy in VC sessions. These objectives are addressed in the four chapters of this thesis. The first chapter consists in the elaboration of a conceptual framework of online empathy. The conceptual framework describes the filter effect induced by online environments on nonverbal signals and its potential adverse influence on empathy in VC. Chapter 2 describes a study showing a decrease in empathy reported by therapists and clients taking part in simulated clinical sessions in VC and in-person settings. The results also reveal a significant correlation between empathy and telepresence, a term that relates to the impression for clients and therapists of being there, together in a VC interaction. The studies described in Chapters 3 and 4 aim at identifying the impact of eye contact on perceived empathy in teletherapy. Chapter 3 first describes the development of a simple methodology that facilitates eye contact in VC by decreasing the gaze angle between the webcam and the eyes of the other interactant on the screen. This methodology is employed in the experiment described in Chapter 4 to either allow or prevent eye contact from the clients' perspective during simulations of clinical sessions. The results show that, contrary to the hypothesis, facilitating eye contact in VC does not lead to higher levels of empathy and telepresence. Eye tracking data collected during the sessions showed that clients did not look more at the eyes and the face of therapists when eye contact was facilitated. However, a significant, positive correlation was observed between the time spent looking into the eyes of the therapist and the levels of empathy reported, but only in the sessions where eye contact was facilitated. These results show that clients can perceive empathy in VC, whether eye contact is altered or not. Overall, the findings of the thesis demonstrate that empathy can be altered in VC sessions but also highlight the capacity of clients to adapt to the alteration of nonverbal signals when assessing therapist empathy

    Telework Argentina : telework for sustainable development

    Get PDF
    Spanish version available in IDRC Digital Library: Telework Argentina : teletrabajo para el desarrollo sustentableFocusing on three cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), Mexico City and Lima (Peru), this project assesses the extent telework could contribute to reducing vehicle emissions and saving energy, both in the home and at the workplace. The project also explores the social, cultural and economic implications of telework, its impact on family dynamics, gender roles, and work‐life balance. As this collection of papers demonstrates, emerging economies look to telework to address a range of issues, from creating effective business models, injecting more social equity into the labour market, promoting greater access to educational opportunities and pursuing more sustainable ways of working

    Supporting meetings in Virtual Worlds with enhanced Communication features

    Get PDF
    With the rapid growth in the use of computer for addressing our day to day needs and the increased use of technology in our daily life, we cannot imagine a day without the use of the internet for our routine needs. Today, without any doubt in our mind we can say that technology has taken over human lives completely. A new era of computing has evolved where computers and the internet have a huge impact on everyone‟s life. A lot of research has been done and is in process for generated tools and devices which will bring the world even closer. It started with telephone in the last century and since then till today there have been huge number of tools and devices that try to give the users who are geographically far away a sense of co-presence. The latest technology making rounds is the Virtual World technology. The popularity and impact of online virtual worlds is worth making a note of. It needs to be seen now, how does it really betters people lives. One such persistent virtual world is Second Life. The number of users and organizations associated with this world is impressive. It provides users with the right amount of collaborative content with a set of communication features. Second Life provides its users with unique meeting support which gives them a sense of co-presence achieved nowhere else. This thesis focuses upon the kind of meeting support, collaborative content and the communication features provided by the virtual world that will allow its users to avoid the need for travel and long distance meetings can be achieved successfully in such an environment. This will help the travel time to be converted to productive office time as well as the costs involved in such meetings can also be reduced drastically. Such kind of meetings will also prove eco-friendly as they will save on fuel consumption and benefit from reduced pollution

    Immersive Telepresence: A framework for training and rehearsal in a postdigital age

    Get PDF

    Designing for Ba:Knowledge creation in a university classroom

    Get PDF
    corecore