Modelling transport energy demand : a socio-technical approach

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Thermodynamic investigation of a shared cogeneration system with electrical cars for northern Europe climate

Transition to alternative energy systems is indicated by EU Commission as a suitable path to energy efficiency and energy saving in the next years. The aims are to decrease greenhouses gases emissions, relevance of fossil fuels in energy production and energy dependence on extra-EU countries. These goals can be achieved increasing renewable energy sources and/or efficiency on energy production processes. In this paper an innovative micro-cogeneration system for household application is presented: it covers heating, domestic hot water and electricity demands for a residential user. Solid oxide fuel cells, heat pump and Stirling engine are utilised as a system to achieve high energy conversion efficiency. A transition from traditional petrol cars to electric mobility is also considered and simulated here. Different types of fuel are considered to demonstrate the high versatility of the simulated cogeneration system by changing the pre-reformer of the fuel cell. Thermodynamic analysis is performed to prove high efficiency with the different fuels

The UK Transport Carbon Model : An integrated life cycle approach to explore low carbon futures

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The concept of energy traceability: Application to EV electricity charging by Res

The energy sustainability, in the era of sources diversification , can be guaranteed by an energy resources utilization most correct, foreseeing no predominance of one source over the others in any area of the world but a proper energy mix, based on locally available resources and needs. In this scenario, manageable with a smart grid system, a virtuous use of RES must be visible, recognizable and quantifiable, in one word traceable. The innovation of the traceability concept consists in the possibility of having information concerning the exact origin of the electricity used for a specific end use, in this case EV charging . The traceability, in a context of increasingly sustainability and smartness city, is an important develop tool because only in this way it is possible to quantify the real emissions produced by EVs and to ensure the real foresight of grid load. This paper wants investigate the real ways to introduce this kind of real energy accounting, through the traceabilit

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy on the Long-Term Planning of an Isolated Microgrid

[EN] Isolated microgrids, such as islands, rely on fossil fuels for electricity generation and include vehicle fleets, which poses significant environmental challenges. To address this, distributed energy resources based on renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) have been deployed in several places. However, they present operational and planning concerns. Hence, the aim of this paper is to propose a two-level microgrid problem. The first problem considers an EV charging strategy that minimizes charging costs and maximizes the renewable energy use. The second level evaluates the impact of this charging strategy on the power generation planning of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador. This planning model is simulated in HOMER Energy. The results demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of investing in additional photovoltaic (PV) generation and in the EV charging strategy. Investing in PV and smart charging for EVs could reduce the NPC by 13.58%, but a reduction in the NPC of the EV charging strategy would result in up to 3.12%.Clairand, J.; Álvarez, C.; Rodríguez-García, J.; Escrivá-Escrivá, G. (2020). Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy on the Long-Term Planning of an Isolated Microgrid. Energies. 13(13):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133455S1181313Arriaga, M., Canizares, C. A., & Kazerani, M. (2013). Renewable Energy Alternatives for Remote Communities in Northern Ontario, Canada. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 4(3), 661-670. doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2234154Eras-Almeida, A. A., & Egido-Aguilera, M. A. (2019). Hybrid renewable mini-grids on non-interconnected small islands: Review of case studies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 116, 109417. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109417Mahmud, M. A. P., Huda, N., Farjana, S. H., & Lang, C. (2019). Techno-Economic Operation and Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of a Solar PV-Driven Islanded Microgrid. IEEE Access, 7, 111828-111839. doi:10.1109/access.2019.2927653Huy, P. D., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Yong, J. Y., Tan, K. M., & Ekanayake, J. B. (2020). Optimal placement, sizing and power factor of distributed generation: A comprehensive study spanning from the planning stage to the operation stage. Energy, 195, 117011. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117011Bahaj, A. S., & James, P. A. B. (2019). Electrical Minigrids for Development: Lessons From the Field. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(9), 1967-1980. doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2924594Nikmehr, N. (2020). Distributed robust operational optimization of networked microgrids embedded interconnected energy hubs. Energy, 199, 117440. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117440Clement-Nyns, K., Haesen, E., & Driesen, J. (2010). The Impact of Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on a Residential Distribution Grid. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 25(1), 371-380. doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2036481Wang, G., Xu, Z., Wen, F., & Wong, K. P. (2013). Traffic-Constrained Multiobjective Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(4), 2363-2372. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2269142Rezaeimozafar, M., Eskandari, M., Amini, M. H., Moradi, M. H., & Siano, P. (2020). A Bi-Layer Multi-Objective Techno-Economical Optimization Model for Optimal Integration of Distributed Energy Resources into Smart/Micro Grids. Energies, 13(7), 1706. doi:10.3390/en13071706Clairand, J.-M., Rodr韌uez-Garc韆, J., & 羖varez-Bel, C. (2020). Assessment of Technical and Economic Impacts of EV User Behavior on EV Aggregator Smart Charging. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 8(2), 356-366. doi:10.35833/mpce.2018.000840Yang, H., Pan, H., Luo, F., Qiu, J., Deng, Y., Lai, M., & Dong, Z. Y. (2017). Operational Planning of Electric Vehicles for Balancing Wind Power and Load Fluctuations in a Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 8(2), 592-604. doi:10.1109/tste.2016.2613941Savio, D. A., Juliet, V. A., Chokkalingam, B., Padmanaban, S., Holm-Nielsen, J. B., & Blaabjerg, F. (2019). Photovoltaic Integrated Hybrid Microgrid Structured Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Its Energy Management Approach. Energies, 12(1), 168. doi:10.3390/en12010168Jin, C., Sheng, X., & Ghosh, P. (2014). Optimized Electric Vehicle Charging With Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 8(6), 1063-1072. doi:10.1109/jstsp.2014.2336624Honarmand, M., Zakariazadeh, A., & Jadid, S. (2014). Integrated scheduling of renewable generation and electric vehicles parking lot in a smart microgrid. Energy Conversion and Management, 86, 745-755. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.044Zhang, T., Chen, W., Han, Z., & Cao, Z. (2014). Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles With Local Renewable Energy Under Uncertain Electric Vehicle Arrival and Grid Power Price. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 63(6), 2600-2612. doi:10.1109/tvt.2013.2295591Dhundhara, S., Verma, Y. P., & Williams, A. (2018). Techno-economic analysis of the lithium-ion and lead-acid battery in microgrid systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 177, 122-142. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.030Kumar, A., Singh, A. R., Deng, Y., He, X., Kumar, P., & Bansal, R. C. (2018). Multiyear Load Growth Based Techno-Financial Evaluation of a Microgrid for an Academic Institution. IEEE Access, 6, 37533-37555. doi:10.1109/access.2018.2849411Abdin, Z., & Mérida, W. (2019). Hybrid energy systems for off-grid power supply and hydrogen production based on renewable energy: A techno-economic analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 196, 1068-1079. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.068Hafez, O., & Bhattacharya, K. (2012). Optimal planning and design of a renewable energy based supply system for microgrids. Renewable Energy, 45, 7-15. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.087Chade, D., Miklis, T., & Dvorak, D. (2015). Feasibility study of wind-to-hydrogen system for Arctic remote locations – Grimsey island case study. Renewable Energy, 76, 204-211. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.023Abo-Elyousr, F. K., & Elnozahy, A. (2018). Bi-objective economic feasibility of hybrid micro-grid systems with multiple fuel options for islanded areas in Egypt. Renewable Energy, 128, 37-56. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.05.066Das, I., & Canizares, C. A. (2019). Renewable Energy Integration in Diesel-Based Microgrids at the Canadian Arctic. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(9), 1838-1856. doi:10.1109/jproc.2019.2932743Ayodele, E., Misra, S., Damasevicius, R., & Maskeliunas, R. (2019). Hybrid microgrid for microfinance institutions in rural areas – A field demonstration in West Africa. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 35, 89-97. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2019.06.009Aziz, A. S., Tajuddin, M. F. N., Adzman, M. R., Mohammed, M. F., & Ramli, M. A. M. (2020). Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq. Energy, 191, 116591. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116591Elkadeem, M. R., Wang, S., Azmy, A. M., Atiya, E. G., Ullah, Z., & Sharshir, S. W. (2020). A systematic decision-making approach for planning and assessment of hybrid renewable energy-based microgrid with techno-economic optimization: A case study on an urban community in Egypt. Sustainable Cities and Society, 54, 102013. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.102013Jimenez Zabalaga, P., Cardozo, E., Choque Campero, L. A., & Araoz Ramos, J. A. (2020). Performance Analysis of a Stirling Engine Hybrid Power System. Energies, 13(4), 980. doi:10.3390/en13040980Masrur, H., Howlader, H. O. R., Elsayed Lotfy, M., Khan, K. R., Guerrero, J. M., & Senjyu, T. (2020). Analysis of Techno-Economic-Environmental Suitability of an Isolated Microgrid System Located in a Remote Island of Bangladesh. Sustainability, 12(7), 2880. doi:10.3390/su12072880Tuballa, M. L., & Abundo, M. L. (2018). Prospects of a solar-diesel-grid energy system for Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines. International Journal of Green Energy, 15(12), 704-714. doi:10.1080/15435075.2018.1525555Adefarati, T., & Obikoya, G. . (2019). Techno-economic evaluation of a grid-connected microgrid system. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(15), 1497-1517. doi:10.1080/15435075.2019.1671421Donado, K., Navarro, L., Quintero M., C. G., & Pardo, M. (2019). HYRES: A Multi-Objective Optimization Tool for Proper Configuration of Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems. Energies, 13(1), 26. doi:10.3390/en13010026Lombardi, F., Riva, F., Sacchi, M., & Colombo, E. (2019). Enabling combined access to electricity and clean cooking with PV-microgrids: new evidences from a high-resolution model of cooking loads. Energy for Sustainable Development, 49, 78-88. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2019.01.005Fulhu, M., Mohamed, M., & Krumdieck, S. (2019). Voluntary demand participation (VDP) for security of essential energy activities in remote communities with case study in Maldives. Energy for Sustainable Development, 49, 27-38. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2019.01.002He, L., Zhang, S., Chen, Y., Ren, L., & Li, J. (2018). Techno-economic potential of a renewable energy-based microgrid system for a sustainable large-scale residential community in Beijing, China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 631-641. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.053Veilleux, G., Potisat, T., Pezim, D., Ribback, C., Ling, J., Krysztofiński, A., … Chucherd, S. (2020). Techno-economic analysis of microgrid projects for rural electrification: A systematic approach to the redesign of Koh Jik off-grid case study. Energy for Sustainable Development, 54, 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2019.09.007Nnaji, E. C., Adgidzi, D., Dioha, M. O., Ewim, D. R. E., & Huan, Z. (2019). Modelling and management of smart microgrid for rural electrification in sub-saharan Africa: The case of Nigeria. The Electricity Journal, 32(10), 106672. doi:10.1016/j.tej.2019.106672Kovačević Markov, K., & Rajaković, N. (2019). Multi-energy microgrids with ecotourism purposes: The impact of the power market and the connection line. Energy Conversion and Management, 196, 1105-1112. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.05.048Sarkar, T., Bhattacharjee, A., Samanta, H., Bhattacharya, K., & Saha, H. (2019). Optimal design and implementation of solar PV-wind-biogas-VRFB storage integrated smart hybrid microgrid for ensuring zero loss of power supply probability. Energy Conversion and Management, 191, 102-118. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.025Clairand, J.-M., Arriaga, M., Canizares, C. A., & Alvarez-Bel, C. (2019). Power Generation Planning of Galapagos’ Microgrid Considering Electric Vehicles and Induction Stoves. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 10(4), 1916-1926. doi:10.1109/tste.2018.2876059Hafez, O., & Bhattacharya, K. (2017). Optimal design of electric vehicle charging stations considering various energy resources. Renewable Energy, 107, 576-589. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.066Yoon, S.-G., & Kang, S.-G. (2017). Economic Microgrid Planning Algorithm with Electric Vehicle Charging Demands. Energies, 10(10), 1487. doi:10.3390/en10101487Eras-Almeida, A., Egido-Aguilera, M., Blechinger, P., Berendes, S., Caamaño, E., & García-Alcalde, E. (2020). Decarbonizing the Galapagos Islands: Techno-Economic Perspectives for the Hybrid Renewable Mini-Grid Baltra–Santa Cruz. Sustainability, 12(6), 2282. doi:10.3390/su12062282Clairand, J.-M., Rodríguez-García, J., & Álvarez-Bel, C. (2018). Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for Isolated Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Generation. Energies, 11(11), 3188. doi:10.3390/en11113188Gamarra, C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2015). Computational optimization techniques applied to microgrids planning: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48, 413-424. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.025HOMER Software https://www.homerenergy.com/Clairand Gómez, J. M. (s. f.). New strategies for the massive introduction of electric vehicles in the operation and planning of Smart Power Systems. doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/110971Pliego Tarifario Para Las Empresas Eléctricas. Technical Report https://www.cnelep.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Pliego-Tarifarios-2016-Actualizado.pdfKhayatian, A., Barati, M., & Lim, G. J. (2018). Integrated Microgrid Expansion Planning in Electricity Market With Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 33(4), 3634-3643. doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2768302Z Electric Vehicle: The Performance and Value Leader in Electric Vehicles https://zelectricvehicle.in/K9 Electric Transit Bus https://en.byd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/4504-byd-transit-cut-sheets_k9-40_lr.pdfKia Soul EV https://www.kia.com/worldwide/vehicles/e-soul.doIluminando al Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad. Technical Report http://www.elecgalapagos.com.ec/pdf2015/M09/Revistainstitucional.pdfProyecto Eólico San Cristóbal Galápagos—Ecuador. Technical Report https://www.slideserve.com/peggy/proyecto-e-lico-san-crist-bal-islas-gal-pagosPlan de Trabajo Anual—POA 2015. Technical Report http://www.elecgalapagos.com.ec/pdf2015/KO7/PlanOperativoAnual-POA.pdfSierra, J. C. (2016). Estimating road transport fuel consumption in Ecuador. Energy Policy, 92, 359-368. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.008Registro Oficial. Technical Report 386 http://www.obraspublicas.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/SPTMF_resol_carga_gye-galapagos.pdfProyectos http://www.elecgalapagos.com.ec/proyectosPlan Galapagos. Technical Report http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ecu166016.pdfFicha Informativa de Proyecto 2016 Proyecto Fotovoltaico en la Isla Baltra—Archipiélago de Galápagos. Líder. Technical Report http://euroclimaplus.org/intranet/_documentos/repositorio/01Bienal%20ONUCambio%20Clim%C3%A1tico_2016Ecuador.pdfThe Wind Power. U57 https://www.thewindpower.net/turbine_media_en_460_unison_u57.phpSupporting the Energy Revolution https://www.vaisala.com/en/industries-innovation/renewablePerspectiva y Expansión del Sistema Eléctrico Ecuatoriano, Technical Report http://www.regulacionelectrica.gob.ec/plan-maestro-de-electrificacion-2013-2022

Eras of electric vehicles: electric mobility on the Verge. Focus Attention Scale

Daily or casual passenger vehicles in cities have negative burden on our finite world. Transport sector has been one of the main contributors to air pollution and energy depletion. Providing alternative means of transport is a promising strategy perceived by motor manufacturers and researchers. The paper presents the battery electric vehicles-BEVs bibliography that starts with the early eras of invention up till 2015 outlook. It gives a broad overview of BEV market and its technology in a chronological classification while sheds light on the stakeholders’ focus attentions in each stage, the so called, Focus-Attention-Scale-FAS. The attention given in each era is projected and parsed in a scale graph, which varies between micro, meso, and macro-scale. BEV-system is on the verge of experiencing massive growth; however, the system entails a variety of substantial challenges. Observations show the main issues of BEVsystem that require more attention followed by the authors’ recommendations towards an emerging market

Political Shaping Of Transitions To Biofuels In Europe, Brazil And The USA

Faced with major challenges of global climate change, declining fossil fuel reserves, and competition between alternative uses of land, the transition to renewable transport fuels has been marked by new modes of political economic governance and the strategic direction of innovation. In this paper, we compare the different trajectories to the development and uptake of biofuels in Europe, Brazil and the USA. In terms of the timing, direction, and development of biofuels for road transport, the early lead taken by Brazil in sugarcane based ethanol and flex-fuel cars, the USA drive to corn-to-ethanol, and the European domination of biodiesel from rapeseed, manifest significant contrasts at many levels. Adopting a neo-Polanyian ?instituted economic process? approach we argue that the contrasting trajectories exemplify the different modes of politically instituting markets. We analyse the contrasting weight and impact of different drivers in each case (energy security, climate change mitigation, rural economy development, and market opportunity) in the context of diverse initial conditions and resource endowments. We explore the ?politics of markets? that arise from the different modes of instituting markets for ecologically sustainable economic growth, including the role of NGOs, the scientific controversies over land-use change, and the contrasting political institutions in our case studies. We also place our analysis in the historical perspective of other major carbon energy transitions (charcoal to coal, coal to petrochemicals). In so doing, we explore the idea of the emergence of new modes of governance of contemporary capitalist political economies, and the significance of politically directed innovation. The research is based on an extensive primary research programme of in-depth interviews with strategic players in each of the geographic regions, qualitative institutional analysis, a scenario workshop, and secondary data analysis

Technology assessment of future intercity passenger transportation systems. Volume 6: Impact assessment

Consequences that might occur if certain technological developments take place in intercity transportation are described. These consequences are broad ranging, and include economic, environmental, social, institutional, energy-related, and transportation service implications. The possible consequences are traced through direct (primary) impacts to indirect (secondary, tertiary, etc.) impacts. Chains of consequences are traced, reaching as far beyond the original transportation cause as is necessary to identify all impacts felt to be influenced significantly by the technological development considered

Scientific Research about Climate Change Mitigation in Transport : A critical review

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Feasibility of wireless power transfer for electrification of transportation: Techno-economics and life cycle assessment

Integration of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems in roadways and vehicles represents a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion transportation systems. The economic feasibility and environmental impact of WPT applied to the transportation system is evaluated through the development of engineering system models. For a 20% penetration of the WPT technology in vehicles, results show a 20% reduction in air pollutants, 10% reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions and a societal level payback (defined as total cost of ownership savings compared to a traditional vehicle equal to roadway infrastructure) of 3 years. The modeled system covers 86% of all traffic in the US, impacts 40% of all roadways and shifts $180 billion per year from oil production to jobs in local power generation and development, construction, and maintenance of electrified roadways and new electric vehicles. Results on model sensitivity to energy prices, payback as a function of penetration, and trucking vs light duty use are presented