Some Issues in the Calculation of Batting Averages: Ranking (and Re-Ranking) the Top 50 Batsmen in Test Cricket, 1877-2006

Batsmen in cricket are invariably ranked according to their batting average. Such a ranking suffers from two defects. First, it does not take into account the consistency of scores across innings: a batsman might have a high career average but with low scores interspersed with high scores; another might have a lower average but with much less variation in his scores. Second, it pays no attention to the “value” of the player’s runs to the team: arguably, a century, when the total score is 600, has less value compared to a half-century in an innings total of, say, 200. The purpose of this paper is to suggest new ways of computing batting averages which, by addressing these deficiencies, complement the existing method and present a more complete picture of batsmen’s performance. Based on these “new” averages, the paper offers a “new” ranking of the top 50 batsmen in the history of Test Cricket.

Using Anthropometric Data and Physical Fitness Scores to Predict Selection in a National U19 Rugby Union Team

The purpose of this study was to compare measures of anthropometry characteristics and physical fitness performance between rugby union players (17.9 ± 0.5 years old) recruited (n = 39) and non-recruited (n = 145) to the Portuguese under-19 (U19) national team, controlling for their playing position (forwards or backs). Standardized anthropometric, physical, and performance assessment tests included players’ body mass and height, push up and pull-up test, squat test, sit- and-reach test, 20 m shuttle run test, flexed arm hang test, Sargent test, handgrip strength test, Illinois agility test, and 20-m and 50-m sprint test. Results showed that recruited forwards players had better agility scores (p = 0.02, ES = −0.55) than the non-recruited forwards, whereas recruited backs players had higher right (p < 0.01, ES = 0.84) and left (p = 0.01, ES = 0.74) handgrip strength scores than their counterparts. Logistic regression showed that better agility (for the forwards) and right handgrip strength scores (for the backs) were the only variables significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being recruited to the national team. In sum, these findings suggest that certain well- developed physical qualities, namely, agility for the forwards players and upper-body strength for the back players, partially explain the selection of U19 rugby players to their national team.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluating the effect of displaying team vs. individual metrics on team performance

Teams have the potential to display high performance or low performance, depending on how well team members interact with one another. Training is commonly used to maintain or enhance the performance of various team types (e.g., sport or work teams). Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have been used for years in multiple domains to tutor individuals. However, challenges arise when attempting to develop an Intelligent Team Tutoring System (ITTS). This current work focuses on the challenge of delivering effective feedback to teams via an ITTS designed to improve team performance. This research specifically focuses on how the assessment basis of the feedback (based on individual vs. team performance metrics) affects the team. Specifically, this research examines how feedback displaying individual vs. team performance metrics influences team performance across multiple factors. The participants in this study performed a modified version of a classic shopping task designed to test cognition known as the Multiple Errands Test (MET). The researcher created a three-person team version of the MET called the Team Multiple Errands Test (TMET) within a virtual world on desktop computers. In three different feedback conditions, teams received performance feedback with information about individual performance, team performance, or both. Dependent measures included: performance (individual and team scores), items collected (correct and incorrect), errors, time remaining, collection time per item, and task strategy. Results were analyzed at the team and individual level. The analysis was conducted in three phases. First, the researcher analyzed the influence the feedback intervention had on main performance metrics: performance (individual and team scores), items collected (correct and incorrect), errors, and time remaining. Second, the researcher analyzed how the influence of the feedback intervention on the dependent measures depended on the strategy that teams implemented. The third analysis explored the team’s perception of performance by examining the correlation between performance and how participants viewed their teammates’ performance and their own performance The results from the first analysis suggested that the time remaining for participants in the Team feedback condition was significantly higher than in the Individual and Team (I&T) feedback condition, suggesting that feedback containing only Team-based feedback reduced the time teams spent in a session. The results from the second analysis suggested that the time remaining for participants on teams that used a specific strategy in which team members mostly stayed close to each other (designated “Go Together”), after gaining experience with the task, was significantly greater in the Team condition than in the Individual and I&T conditions. The analysis also revealed that the average collection time per item for participants in teams that used Go Together was significantly lower in the Team condition than in the Individual condition. The analysis also showed that frustration for participants on teams that used Go Together was significantly greater in the Individual condition than in the Team and I&T conditions. The third analysis demonstrated that participants in the Team condition consistently have a correct perception of their own performance and their team’s performance. The results also showed that the influence of the feedback condition on participant’s perception of individual or team performance changed depending on task experience. This research offers a unique contribution to the growing body of research on Intelligent Team Tutoring Systems by exploring the benefits of offering real-time feedback based on individual assessment vs. team assessment. This research also demonstrates that under some team circumstances, providing more information to teams is less effective than providing less

Statistical methods for cricket team selection : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Applied Statistics at Massey University

Cricket generates a large amount of data for both batsmen and bowlers. Methods for using this data to select a cricket team are examined. Utilising the assumption that an individual's natural ability is expressed via performance outputs, this thesis seeks to describe and understand the underlying statistical processes of player performance. Randomness is tested for and then the distributional properties of the data are sought. This information is then used to monitor the estimate of natural ability via widely accepted control methods, such as Shewhart control charts, CUSUM, EWMA and multivariate versions of these procedures. To accommodate the distribution presented by batting scores, a new control chart based on quartiles is also studied. Further, ranking and selection procedures employ the estimates of individual ability to select the best individuals and note the probability of correct selection. Major contributions of this study include: a) Development of performance measures for cricket b) 2 - Dimensional runs test, with further applicability outside cricket. c) Statistical interpretation specific to cricket • Outliers are very important • Form is autocorrelation • Zone rules for cricket needed to detect good/poor performance • Relatively short nominal ARL's d) Control Chart based on quantiles to preserve outlier influences in a non-parametric procedure. e) The recommendation of appropriate tools for monitoring batting, bowling and all-rounder performance and also choosing man of the match. f) Discriminates between different types of bowlers using the consistency of their performance measures. g) Evaluates the members of a team relative to potential contenders

Pengaruh Team Work Dan Disiplin Kerja Pada Multi National Company (MNC) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

Companies in achieving optimal performance require team work and work discipline from employees to support their achievements. So this study aims to test and prove empirically: the effect of team work directly on employee performance, the effect of work discipline on employee performance directly and team work and discipline together have a direct effect on performance. This study is an explanatory research with a population of 150 respondents, this study was analyzed through Linear Regression Analysis with the help of SPSS 23 software. The results showed a constant value of -0.77 stating that if the independent variables of team work and work discipline did not exist, then employee performance will decrease by -0.77 units. While the team work coefficient value of 0.617 states that the team work variable has a positive and significant impact on employee performance, or in other words, every 1 increase in team work scores will be followed by employee performance of 0.617 units. The work discipline coefficient value of 0.721 states that the work discipline variable has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity, or in other words, every 1 increase in team work score will be followed by an increase in employee productivity of 0.721 units. So that team work and employee work discipline need to be continuously improved so as to improve employee performance at the multi-national company PT. DS Global to maintain the company's survival

Association of Cognitive Performance with Time at Altitude, Sleep Quality, and Acute Mountain Sickness Symptoms

Objective It is well documented that cognitive performance may be altered with ascent to altitude, but the association of various cognitive performance tests with symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) is not well understood. Our objective was to assess and compare cognitive performance during a high-altitude expedition using several tests and to report the association of each test with AMS, headache, and quality of sleep. Methods During an expedition to Mount Everest, 3 cognitive tests (Stroop, Trail Making, and the real-time cognitive assessment tool, an in-house developed motor accuracy test) were used along with a questionnaire to assess health and AMS. Eight team members were assessed pre-expedition, postexpedition, and at several time points during the expedition. Results There were no significant differences (P >.05) found among scores taken at 3 time points at base camp and the postexpedition scores for all 3 tests. Changes in the Stroop test scores were significantly associated with the odds of AMS (P <.05). The logistic regression results show that the percent change from baseline for Stroop score (β = −5.637; P = .032) and Stroop attempts (β = −5.269; P = .049) are significantly associated with the odds of meeting the criteria for AMS. Conclusions No significant changes were found in overall cognitive performance at altitude, but a significant relationship was found between symptoms of AMS and performance in certain cognitive tests. This research shows the need for more investigation of objective physiologic assessments to associate with self-perceived metrics of AMS to gauge effect on cognitive performance