1,027 research outputs found
A Survey on UAV-Aided Maritime Communications: Deployment Considerations, Applications, and Future Challenges
Maritime activities represent a major domain of economic growth with several
emerging maritime Internet of Things use cases, such as smart ports, autonomous
navigation, and ocean monitoring systems. The major enabler for this exciting
ecosystem is the provision of broadband, low-delay, and reliable wireless
coverage to the ever-increasing number of vessels, buoys, platforms, sensors,
and actuators. Towards this end, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) in maritime communications introduces an aerial dimension to wireless
connectivity going above and beyond current deployments, which are mainly
relying on shore-based base stations with limited coverage and satellite links
with high latency. Considering the potential of UAV-aided wireless
communications, this survey presents the state-of-the-art in UAV-aided maritime
communications, which, in general, are based on both conventional optimization
and machine-learning-aided approaches. More specifically, relevant UAV-based
network architectures are discussed together with the role of their building
blocks. Then, physical-layer, resource management, and cloud/edge computing and
caching UAV-aided solutions in maritime environments are discussed and grouped
based on their performance targets. Moreover, as UAVs are characterized by
flexible deployment with high re-positioning capabilities, studies on UAV
trajectory optimization for maritime applications are thoroughly discussed. In
addition, aiming at shedding light on the current status of real-world
deployments, experimental studies on UAV-aided maritime communications are
presented and implementation details are given. Finally, several important open
issues in the area of UAV-aided maritime communications are given, related to
the integration of sixth generation (6G) advancements
On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies and Testbeds
Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial development, providing users with new services and improved user experiences as well as offering a host of novel opportunities to various industries. However, 5G still faces many challenges. To address these challenges, international industrial, academic, and standards organizations have commenced research on sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. A series of white papers and survey papers have been published, which aim to define 6G in terms of requirements, application scenarios, key technologies, etc. Although ITU-R has been working on the 6G vision and it is expected to reach a consensus on what 6G will be by mid-2023, the related global discussions are still wide open and the existing literature has identified numerous open issues. This paper first provides a comprehensive portrayal of the 6G vision, technical requirements, and application scenarios, covering the current common understanding of 6G. Then, a critical appraisal of the 6G network architecture and key technologies is presented. Furthermore, existing testbeds and advanced 6G verification platforms are detailed for the first time. In addition, future research directions and open challenges are identified for stimulating the on-going global debate. Finally, lessons learned to date concerning 6G networks are discussed
Beyond 5G Networks: Integration of Communication, Computing, Caching, and Control
In recent years, the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their
intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular
networks. Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating
communication, computing, caching, and control (i4C) technologies. In this
survey, we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C, comprising
background, motivation, leading technological enablers, potential applications,
and use cases. Next, we describe different models of communication, computing,
caching, and control (4C) to lay the foundation of the integration approach. We
review current state-of-the-art research efforts related to the i4C, focusing
on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-based
integration approaches. We also highlight the need for intelligence in
resources integration. Then, we discuss integration of sensing and
communication (ISAC) and classify the integration approaches into various
classes. Finally, we propose open challenges and present future research
directions for beyond 5G networks, such as 6G.Comment: This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of
China Communications Journal in IEEE Xplor
5G embraces satellites for 6G ubiquitous IoT : basic models for integrated satellite terrestrial networks
Terrestrial communication networks mainly focus on users in urban areas but have poor coverage performance in harsh environments, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans. Satellites can be exploited to extend the coverage of terrestrial fifth-generation (5G) networks. However, satellites are restricted by their high latency and relatively low data rate. Consequently, the integration of terrestrial and satellite components has been widely studied, to take advantage of both sides and enable the seamless broadband coverage. Due to the significant differences between satellite communications (SatComs) and terrestrial communications (TerComs) in terms of channel fading, transmission delay, mobility, and coverage performance, the establishment of an efficient hybrid satellite-terrestrial network (HSTN) still faces many challenges. In general, it is difficult to decompose a HSTN into a sum of separate satellite and terrestrial links due to the complicated coupling relationships therein. To uncover the complete picture of HSTNs, we regard the HSTN as a combination of basic cooperative models that contain the main traits of satellite-terrestrial integration but are much simpler and thus more tractable than the large-scale heterogeneous HSTNs. In particular, we present three basic cooperative models, i.e., model X, model L, and model V, and provide a survey of the state-of-the-art technologies for each of them. We discuss future research directions towards establishing a cell-free, hierarchical, decoupled HSTN. We also outline open issues to envision an agile, smart, and secure HSTN for the sixth-generation (6G) ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT)
Development of intelligent buildings and their impacts on architecture In Turkey
Thesis (master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2002Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 176-185)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiv, 205 leavesRelated to every period.s life conditions the community.s needs show differences. Today.s people giving prior importance to business life and depending on this priority and the incoming intense, active life flow bring up the need of .facilitating life. and again one of the most main problems in today.s life described as energy loss is reduced by designing .energy conscious. buildings. At this point of view, developing technologic and construction sector take on the roles as two important inputs to help design concept. Considerably the technological developments that took place with .Industrial Revolution. started the use of machine power, created new bazaars and new work areas, and brought up the creation of new life styles with itself. With these points, this process came across the new trends in architecture and construction. Spreading use of information technologies, make differences in expectations about daily life standards. As men can adapt the changing needs and obtain maximum suitability, need buildings with minimum cost for usage and upkeep. The main aim of the buildings described as .intelligent buildings. is use of minimum energy and besides to obtain system works and comfort at an optimal level. To be considered as intelligent, building must; With these points, besides the advantages that intelligent buildings bring up, they can cause important problems to take place. With their electrical infrastructure they may cause the inhabitants to be abstracted from the outer life, and with respect the people working in multi-storey buildings have health problems like .building syndrome. or because of the computer aided structure of these buildings .accessibility. problems can occur. These problems come in the first places on the problems rank. In the solutions of the problems occurring by intensive use and by the way increasing demands, at the point architectural solutions become insufficient electro-mechanical systems join. For providing high life standards complete for today and tomorrow.s life, the buildings which are designed bye using series of technological solutions, are composed of the integration of these systems. All these developments, different than the conventional design process, need the information flow with the other science branches -interdisciplinary approach-. A building to be formed as intelligent by .architectural concepts., with a large proportion is related to the .architect.s intelligence.. In these terms architect must be following all new developments in technology. In other ways, intelligent buildings will be the buildings designed by engineers. Nearly in the past ten years, intelligent building applications are also seen in our country. But whether the lack of investigation about the abroad works or these buildings participated in our lives with the unnecessary ambition of consumption, so with these facts intelligent buildings cannot deserve their attribute. To state that a building is totally intelligent, from the design process, the project must be taken up as a total work with the sub-systems providing central supervision and administrating. But the approach in our country sees the sufficiency as a building that owns one of the named systems or any residence full of intelligent house products. Of course these terms are not enough for intelligence. As a result, this work examines the approach to the subject in our country by evaluating sub-systems of intelligent building concept, design criteria, the advantages and disadvantages of these buildings, and the degree of intelligence. Key words: intelligent building, building automation system, office automation system, telecommunications system, information technology, and energy conscious buildings
Multi-objective Optimization of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Slicing Relying on a Pair of Central and Distributed Learning Algorithms
As an attractive enabling technology for next-generation wireless
communications, network slicing supports diverse customized services in the
global space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) with diverse resource
constraints. In this paper, we dynamically consider three typical classes of
radio access network (RAN) slices, namely high-throughput slices, low-delay
slices and wide-coverage slices, under the same underlying physical SAGIN. The
throughput, the service delay and the coverage area of these three classes of
RAN slices are jointly optimized in a non-scalar form by considering the
distinct channel features and service advantages of the terrestrial, aerial and
satellite components of SAGINs. A joint central and distributed multi-agent
deep deterministic policy gradient (CDMADDPG) algorithm is proposed for solving
the above problem to obtain the Pareto optimal solutions. The algorithm first
determines the optimal virtual unmanned aerial vehicle (vUAV) positions and the
inter-slice sub-channel and power sharing by relying on a centralized unit.
Then it optimizes the intra-slice sub-channel and power allocation, and the
virtual base station (vBS)/vUAV/virtual low earth orbit (vLEO) satellite
deployment in support of three classes of slices by three separate distributed
units. Simulation results verify that the proposed method approaches the
Pareto-optimal exploitation of multiple RAN slices, and outperforms the
benchmarkers.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, journa
Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) 2019 Annual Report
Prepared for: Dr. Brian Bingham, CRUSER DirectorThe Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) provides a collaborative environment and community of interest for the advancement of unmanned systems (UxS) education and research endeavors across the Navy (USN), Marine Corps (USMC) and Department of Defense (DoD). CRUSER is a Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) initiative to build an inclusive community of interest on the application of unmanned systems (UxS) in military and naval operations. This 2019 annual report summarizes CRUSER activities in its eighth year of operations and highlights future plans.Deputy Undersecretary of the Navy PPOIOffice of Naval Research (ONR)Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) 2019 Annual Report
Prepared for: Dr. Brian Bingham, CRUSER DirectorThe Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Consortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER) provides a collaborative environment and community of interest for the advancement of unmanned systems (UxS) education and research endeavors across the Navy (USN), Marine Corps (USMC) and Department of Defense (DoD). CRUSER is a Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) initiative to build an inclusive community of interest on the application of unmanned systems (UxS) in military and naval operations. This 2019 annual report summarizes CRUSER activities in its eighth year of operations and highlights future plans.Deputy Undersecretary of the Navy PPOIOffice of Naval Research (ONR)Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Arctic Domain Awareness Center DHS Center of Excellence (COE): Project Work Plan
As stated by the DHS Science &Technology Directorate, “The increased and diversified use of maritime
spaces in the Arctic - including oil and gas exploration, commercial activities, mineral speculation, and
recreational activities (tourism) - is generating new challenges and risks for the U.S. Coast Guard and
other DHS maritime missions.” Therefore, DHS will look towards the new ADAC for research to
identify better ways to create transparency in the maritime domain along coastal regions and inland
waterways, while integrating information and intelligence among stakeholders. DHS expects the ADAC
to develop new ideas to address these challenges, provide a scientific basis, and develop new approaches
for U.S. Coast Guard and other DHS maritime missions. ADAC will also contribute towards the
education of both university students and mid-career professionals engaged in maritime security.
The US is an Arctic nation, and the Arctic environment is dynamic. We have less multi-year ice and more
open water during the summer causing coastal villages to experience unprecedented storm surges and
coastal erosion. Decreasing sea ice is also driving expanded oil exploration, bringing risks of oil spills.
Tourism is growing rapidly, and our fishing fleet and commercial shipping activities are increasing as
well. There continues to be anticipation of an economic pressure to open up a robust northwest passage
for commercial shipping. To add to the stresses of these changes is the fact that these many varied
activities are spread over an immense area with little connecting infrastructure. The related maritime
security issues are many, and solutions demand increasing maritime situational awareness and improved
crisis response capabilities, which are the focuses of our Work Plan.
UAA understands the needs and concerns of the Arctic community. It is situated on Alaska’s Southcentral
coast with the port facility through which 90% of goods for Alaska arrive. It is one of nineteen US
National Strategic Seaports for the US DOD, and its airport is among the top five in the world for cargo
throughput.
However, maritime security is a national concern and although our focus is on the Arctic environment, we
will expand our scope to include other areas in the Lower 48 states. In particular, we will develop sensor
systems, decision support tools, ice and oil spill models that include oil in ice, and educational programs
that are applicable to the Arctic as well as to the Great Lakes and Northeast.
The planned work as detailed in this document addresses the DHS mission as detailed in the National
Strategy for Maritime Security, in particular, the mission to Maximize Domain Awareness (pages 16 and
17.) This COE will produce systems to aid in accomplishing two of the objectives of this mission. They
are: 1) Sensor Technology developing sensor packages for airborne, underwater, shore-based, and
offshore platforms, and 2) Automated fusion and real-time simulation and modeling systems for decision
support and planning. An integral part of our efforts will be to develop new methods for sharing of data
between platforms, sensors, people, and communities.United States Department of Homeland SecurityCOE ADAC Objective/Purpose / Methodology / Center Management Team and Partners / Evaluation and Transition Plans / USCG Stakeholder Engagement / Workforce Development Strategy / Individual Work Plan by Projects Within a Theme / Appendix A / Appendix B / Appendix
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