「七夕馬」の技術伝承

In this paper the author discusses the making of tanabata-uma, one of the many customs of tanabata, an annual Japanese festival of stars, from many aspects associated with it, including the techniques for making it, in different areas of Japan. Various elements have been combined intricately and transmitted throughout Japan as events related with tanabata: that of kikkoden introduced from China, of wheat harvest festival, and of nanoka-bon, one of the many bon events. At the same time, because of the custom of bathing at tanabata in some areas, it also has an element of a purification ceremony. Tanabata-uma is a horse made of wild rice plant or wheat straw early in the morning of the 6 th or 7 th of July in the lunar calendar. It is placed together with bamboo decorations and is floated down a river or put on top of a roof at the end of the festival. People believed that tanabata-sama, interpreted by some as the god of the fields, or their ancestors visited them riding this horse. The transmission of tanabata-uma is significantly seen in East Japan. In the present investigation, tanabata-uma of Mobara-shi in Chiba prefecture, Iwaki-shi in Fukushima prefecture and Sendai-shi in Miyagi prefecture were studied from various aspects, including the way it is made. The characteristic of tanabata-uma at Mobara-shi is that although people originally made tanabata-uma at their homes, later it began to be sold at rokusai-ichi markets which were held regularly in this area. With the sale of tanabata-uma, villages and homes that specifically made it began to appear and it became more ornate. This means that the making of tanabata-uma became professionalized. In this sense, the making of tanabata-uma at Mobara-shi is an example that shows the process of the transmission of folk techniques. On the other hand, tanabata-uma of Iwaki-shi and Sendai-shi were made of wheat straw or rice straw. They were not sold at markets and, at least until the 1950 s, were made at homes. This may explain the reason that the design of these tanabata-uma is simpler compared with that of Mobara-shi. It is clear that there was no attempt to create sophisticated design and it does not show professionalization of the techniques

Fostering Intercultural Competence: A Case of an Asynchronous Online Japanese Language and Culture Course

Analyzing cultural characteristics is a cognitively challenging task that allows learners to increase their open-mindedness and deepen their understanding of both local and global communities by utilizing online resources, especially when inperson interaction in classroom settings was impeded, resulting in an asynchronous online course. The purpose of this paper is to examine how intercultural competence, which can foster learners’ attitudes, could be encouraged in an asynchronous online environment for a Japanese foreign language course from empirical perspectives. The population was learners who possessed Intermediate and Advanced-level proficiency of Japanese. Learners’ outcomes were compared between an online asynchronous course using Deardorff’s (2006) Process Model of Intercultural Competence in the curriculum and a face-to-face class without using Deardorff’s model. The result of using Deardorff’s process model of Intercultural Competence in the curriculum, constructed based on “Understanding by Design,” which is comprised of 3 stages: (1) identifying desired results, (2) determining acceptable evidence, and (3) planning learning experiences and instruction (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005), suggested that learners could deepen their insights toward a target culture and society through multiple opportunities for learners to investigate the relationships among perspectives, practices and products

Unconscious Structures in the Japanese Folk Tales Hebi No Yomeiri, Hato No Koukou, Tsuru No On\u27gaeshi, and Tanabata

This article analyzes four Japanese folk tales (myths) using the unconscious structures approach pioneered by Lévi-Strauss to uncover the connections between these myths and the unconscious structures of the society that holds them. The first step is to find the outer structures of the four analyzed myths and analyze them both synchronically and diachronically to find their component mythemes. The second step is to analyze and identify the inner structures of these mythemes. These inner structures can then be refined into a series of binary oppositions. Subsequently, the structures of these myths are connected to ethnographic data of the Japanese people, thus producing transformations which indicate the unconscious structures under investigatie. This analysis shows there are oppositional logics centered around the concept of duty, a fundamental part of Japanese morality – opposition between “willingness” and “reluctance” as well as between “gimu”and “giri”. These oppositional logics are the unconscious structures of their reason for duty, rooted in the concept of “obeisance”

An Angiosperm species dataset reveals relationships between seed size and two-dimensional shape

Datasets containing information on seed size have been published and are currently available. Nevertheless, there is a lack in the literature of a dataset dedicated to seed shape. We present a preliminary version for a dataset on seed morphology based on a comparison of seed shape with geometric figures. Similarity of the outline of seed images with geometric models is considered as a basis to classify seeds according to the geometric figures they resemble (e.g., ellipse, oval, cardioid). This allows, first, the classification of plant species according to their geometric type of seed, and second, seed shape quantification. For each seed image, the percent of similarity of their outline with a geometric figure can be calculated as a J index. Similarity in absolute terms is considered only when the J index >90. This criterion is important to avoid ambiguity and increase discrimination. The dataset opens the possibility of studying the relationship between seed shape and other variables such as seed size, genome complexity, life form or adaptive responses

Cultural Performance Festivals in Japanese Settings : An Ethnographic Narrative Analysis and Interpretation (Part I)

departmental bulletin pape

APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JEPANG BERBASIS J2ME

Jepang adalah negara yang maju akan teknologi dan memiliki daya tarik dalam anime. Selain itu Jepang juga memiliki tradisi – tradisi yang tidak kalah menarik. Maka dari itu, banyak peminat teknologi, anime, dan tradisi – tradisi Jepang mulai mempelajari bahasa Jepang. Pembelajaran tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan media ponsel, yaitu Mobile Application. Bahasa pemrograman java khususnya J2ME, mampu diimplementasikan untuk membuat Mobile Application. Tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk membuat aplikasi pembelajaran bahasa Jepang berbasis J2ME. Metode pokok pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan studi pustaka. Beberapa langkah telah dikerjakan. Pertama, mendesain menu, merancang aliran, mendesain diagram UML dan akhirnya untuk mengimplementasikan desain yang dirancang. Implementasinya telah dibuat dengan Wireless Toolkit 2.5.2 dan JDK 6, editor programnya menggunakan TextPad. Program aplikasi pembelajaran bahasa Jepang ini dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Jepang bagi peminat bahasa Jepang. Kata Kunci : Pemrograman Java, J2ME, Pembelajaran, Bahasa Jepang

A Comparative Literature Study : The Indonesian Folklore of Ande-Ande Lumut and The French Folktale of Cinderella

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sastra bandingan cerita rakyat dan cerita rakyat yang memiliki persamaan dengan konflik yang berbeda. Penelitian ini berfokus pada cerita rakyat Ande-Ande Lumut dari Indonesia dan Cinderella dari Perancis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (i) unsur intrinsik kedua cerita tersebut dan (ii) unsur budaya kedua cerita tersebut. Penelitian inAdd Contributori menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi, membaca dan menulis laporan penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi dengan membandingkan kedua cerita sebagai data. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedua cerita ini menarik untuk diperbandingkan karena memang memiliki beberapa kesamaan namun berbeda jalan cerita dan konflik. Kedua karya sastra tersebut juga memiliki unsur budaya yang kuat yaitu agama, mata pencaharian, sistem teknologi dan organisasi sosial. Dua cerita ini mengajarkan kita untuk selalu berbuat baik dan tidak membalas kejahatan orang lain.   Kata Kunci: Cerita Rakyat,Studi Sastra Komparatif,Sastra Bandinga

DONGENG TANABATA SAMA, TENNIN NYOBOU, JAKA TARUB DAN KABA MALIN DEMAN : STUDI SASTRA BANDINGAN

ABSTRAK DONGENG TANABATA SAMA, TENNIN NYOUBOU, JAKA TARUB DAN KABA MALIN DEMAN: STUDI SASTRA BANDINGAN Oleh : Tri Septia Arkhi Kata Kunci: Unsur Intrinsik, Tema, Sastra Bandigan, Tanabata, Tennin Nyoubou, Jaka Tarub, Kaba Malin Deman Dongeng Tanabata Sama, Tennin Nyoubou, Jaka Tarub dan Kaba Malin Deman memiliki kemiripan dalam struktur ceritanya. Penelitian keempat dongeng ini, bukan untuk megetahui mana yang asli dan pengaruhnya terhadap satu sama lain, tetapi lebih untuk menjelaskan hubungan dalam bentuk persamaan dan perbedaan unsur intrinsik yang ada didalamnya. Peneliti mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan dongeng Tanabata Sama, Tennin Nyoubou, Jaka Tarub dan Kaba Malin Deman dengan menggunakan pendekatan sastra bandingan, yaitu dengan membandingkan unsur intrinsiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa persamaan dan perbedaan yang terdapat dalam dongeng Tanabata Sama, Tennin Nyoubou, Jaka Tarub dan Kaba Malin Deman terjadi karena dalam periode tertentu, kehidupan sosial dari masyarakat Jepang dengan masyarakat Indonesia pernah berada dalam kondisi yang sama yaitu masyarakat feodal. Sedangkan perbedaan-perbedaan yang ditemukan dipengaruhi oleh latar budaya dari masing-masing dongeng yang merupakan gambaran kehidupan dimana dongeng tersebut lahir

Wasuren! ---We Won\u27t Forget! The Work of Remembering and Commemorating Japan\u27s and Tohoku\u27s (3.11) Triple Disasters in Local Cities and Communities

Based on estensive Fieldwork, this paper explores the needs of people and communities in hard hit areas of Japan\u27s 3.11 triple disasters including Sendai, Fukushima, Ishinomaki, Kesennuma, Kamaishi, and Yoriage to commemorate the event and their dead, while redirecting efforts to the future. It discusses the activities of Sendai\u27s Wasuren! (We Won\u27t Forget!) Center to document the disaster and Project Fukushima! organized by Fukushima residents to consider the city\u27s future after the nuclear disaster as well as examining memorials (as memoryscapes and mourning work) created by other communities in the region where the disaster occurred. It compares local narratives of the disaster by those who experienced it as Tohoku\u27s disaster, with national narratives of it as Japan\u27s disaster, including differences in calls to gambaru or gambatte (persevere), discourses of sōteigai (what is unimaginable ) used following the disasters, and the new national special tax (tokubetsu zei). The article problematizes the distinction between natural and humanmade disasters. It argues that policy makers need to consider the diversity of communities involved and the thoughts and feelings about what local people find meaningful in terms of rebuilding and reclaiming their communities and lives