5,853 research outputs found
Teaching in the âHome Languageâ Is not Enough: Navigating Spanish Raciolinguistic Ideologies in a Dual Language Bilingual Program
This ethnographic case study examines how fourth graders in a New York City Spanish/English dual language bilingual public school navigate hegemonic language ideologies about Spanish. Drawing on the scholarship of raciolinguistic ideologiesâthose that position the language practices of people of color as inherently deficient (Flores & Rosa, 2015), I analyze the discourse of seven Kiskeyanx students to examine how they navigate the widespread raciolinguistic marginalization of Kiskeyanxsâ a demographic that is racialized as more Black than other Spanish-speaking groups.
As a first-generation Kiskeyana-New Yorker, a bilingual teacher educator and researcher, and a former dual language bilingual public-school teacher, it was important for me to center self-reflexivity in this research. Before beginning the case study, I engaged in autohistoria-teorĂaâan AnzaldĂșan framing of autoethnographyâ to examine my own experiences navigating hegemonic ideologies. By analyzing personal and collective herstories, poems, letters, photos, and reflexive memos, I was able to see all the choques (AnzaldĂșa, 1987) Iâve experienced from kindergarten to the present dayâ the collisions, contradictions, and complicated dynamics brought on by trying to survive within oppressive systems.
Similarly, my analysis of student interviews, classroom observations, and studentsâ schoolwork brings to light the complex and contradictory ways in which the raciolinguistically marginalized fourth graders navigate oppressive ideologies about themselves. Guided by el conocimiento del cuerpo (Juarez Mendoza & Aponte, 2021) and moment analysis (Li Wei, 2011), I observed tensions and choques in the ways students both aligned with hegemonic ideologies about Kiskeyanxs while also resisting dominant perceptions about their speech. While students expressed pride in their Dominicanness and critiqued limiting raciolinguistic ideologies, they also conveyed an internalization of raciolinguistic ideologies that conflate Kiskeyanxs with linguistic deficiency and inferiority. Students communicated the need to surveil their speech based on discourses of appropriateness (Flores & Rosa, 2015) that relegate their âDominicanâ language practices as appropriate for home and Whitestream Spanish as appropriate for school. Ideologies of linguistic purism were also evident in the ways students held themselves to monoglossic expectations of what it means to be fluent in Spanish.
This dissertation calls attention to the hegemony of violent colonial ideologies that pervade even this dual language bilingual school that works intentionally to counter them. To move towards the anti-racist bilingual schooling that civil rights activists envisioned, I discuss potentials for an anti-colonial approach to bilingual education that addresses the deep-seated racist colonial foundations of raciolinguistic ideologies
Taming âBlack Swansâ: A Schmittian Perspective on State-led Crisis Management
Using a design-thinking approach to state-led crisis management, this thesis seeks to resolve the contemporary problem of Black Swans; that is, crises that are unprecedented, unexpected, unpredictable, and uncertain.Due to their nature and composition, Black Swans cause a significant increase in state fragility (Introduction). Despite this, Black Swans remain understudied within existing literature on crisis management (Chapter One). This thesis argues that Black Swans cause a significant increase in state fragility because the strategies governments and leaders currently use to recognise and contain them are sub-optimal (Chapter Two). A resolution is found by drawing resources from the legal-political theory that Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) developed between 1918 and 1933 (Chapter Three). In particular, Schmittâs concepts of âthe exceptionâ and âsovereign dictatorshipâ are used to devise new strategies that enable governments and leaders to recognise and contain Black Swans optimally (Chapter Four & Chapter Five).This thesis articulates and defends a new way for constitutional states to manage Black Swans. It achieves this end by engaging in an innovative and revealing dialogue between crisis management studies and Schmittian studies (Conclusion). Unlike previous analyses, this thesis establishes that: (i) detailed strategies can be prescribed to manage Black Swans; and (ii) Carl Schmittâs legal-political theory can be used to resolve problems at the forefront of contemporary crisis management
Choreographing tragedy into the twenty-first century
What makes a tragedy? In the fifth century BCE this question found an answer through the conjoined forms of song and dance. Since the mid-twentieth century, and the work of the Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch, tragedy has been variously articulated as form coming apart at the seams. This thesis approaches tragedy through the work of five major choreographers and a director who each, in some way, turn back to Bausch. After exploring the Tanztheater Wuppertalâs techniques for choreographing tragedy in chapter one, I dedicate a chapter each to Dimitris Papaioannou, Akram Khan, Trajal Harrell, Ivo van Hove with Wim Vandekeybus, and GisĂšle Vienne.
Bringing together work in Queer and Trans* studies, Performance studies, Classics, Dance, and Classical Reception studies I work towards an understanding of the ways in which these choreographers articulate tragedy through embodiment and relation. I consider how tragedy transforms into the twenty-first century, how it shapes what it might mean to live and die with(out) one another. This includes tragic acts of mythic construction, attempts to describe a sense of the world as it collapses, colonial claims to ownership over the earth, and decolonial moves to enact new ways of being human.
By developing an expanded sense of both choreography and the tragic one of my main contributions is a re-theorisation of tragedy that brings together two major pre-existing schools, to understand tragedy not as an event, but as a process. Under these conditions, and the shifting conditions of the world around us, I argue that the choreography of tragedy has and might continue to allow us to think about, name, and embody ourselves outside of the ongoing catastrophes we face
Conversations on Empathy
In the aftermath of a global pandemic, amidst new and ongoing wars, genocide, inequality, and staggering ecological collapse, some in the public and political arena have argued that we are in desperate need of greater empathy â be this with our neighbours, refugees, war victims, the vulnerable or disappearing animal and plant species. This interdisciplinary volume asks the crucial questions: How does a better understanding of empathy contribute, if at all, to our understanding of others? How is it implicated in the ways we perceive, understand and constitute others as subjects? Conversations on Empathy examines how empathy might be enacted and experienced either as a way to highlight forms of otherness or, instead, to overcome what might otherwise appear to be irreducible differences. It explores the ways in which empathy enables us to understand, imagine and create sameness and otherness in our everyday intersubjective encounters focusing on a varied range of "radical others" â others who are perceived as being dramatically different from oneself. With a focus on the importance of empathy to understand difference, the book contends that the role of empathy is critical, now more than ever, for thinking about local and global challenges of interconnectedness, care and justice
Hopf-Galois structures on separable field extensions of degree
In 2020, Alabdali and Byott described the Hopf-Galois structures arising on
Galois field extensions of squarefree degree. Extending to squarefree
separable, but not necessarily normal, extensions is a natural next step.
One must consider now the interplay between two Galois groups
and , where is the
Galois closure of . In this paper, we give a characterisation and
enumeration of the Hopf-Galois structures arising on separable extensions of
degree where and are distinct odd primes. This work includes the
results of Byott and Martin-Lyons who do likewise for the special case that
.Comment: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2102.05759 by
other author
Regulating ChatGPT and other Large Generative AI Models
Large generative AI models (LGAIMs), such as ChatGPT or Stable Diffusion, are
rapidly transforming the way we communicate, illustrate, and create. However,
AI regulation, in the EU and beyond, has primarily focused on conventional AI
models, not LGAIMs. This paper will situate these new generative models in the
current debate on trustworthy AI regulation, and ask how the law can be
tailored to their capabilities. After laying technical foundations, the legal
part of the paper proceeds in four steps, covering (1) direct regulation, (2)
data protection, (3) content moderation, and (4) policy proposals. It suggests
a novel terminology to capture the AI value chain in LGAIM settings by
differentiating between LGAIM developers, deployers, professional and
non-professional users, as well as recipients of LGAIM output. We tailor
regulatory duties to these different actors along the value chain and suggest
four strategies to ensure that LGAIMs are trustworthy and deployed for the
benefit of society at large. Rules in the AI Act and other direct regulation
must match the specificities of pre-trained models. In particular, regulation
should focus on concrete high-risk applications, and not the pre-trained model
itself, and should include (i) obligations regarding transparency and (ii) risk
management. Non-discrimination provisions (iii) may, however, apply to LGAIM
developers. Lastly, (iv) the core of the DSA content moderation rules should be
expanded to cover LGAIMs. This includes notice and action mechanisms, and
trusted flaggers. In all areas, regulators and lawmakers need to act fast to
keep track with the dynamics of ChatGPT et al.Comment: under revie
Animate-A-Story: Storytelling with Retrieval-Augmented Video Generation
Generating videos for visual storytelling can be a tedious and complex
process that typically requires either live-action filming or graphics
animation rendering. To bypass these challenges, our key idea is to utilize the
abundance of existing video clips and synthesize a coherent storytelling video
by customizing their appearances. We achieve this by developing a framework
comprised of two functional modules: (i) Motion Structure Retrieval, which
provides video candidates with desired scene or motion context described by
query texts, and (ii) Structure-Guided Text-to-Video Synthesis, which generates
plot-aligned videos under the guidance of motion structure and text prompts.
For the first module, we leverage an off-the-shelf video retrieval system and
extract video depths as motion structure. For the second module, we propose a
controllable video generation model that offers flexible controls over
structure and characters. The videos are synthesized by following the
structural guidance and appearance instruction. To ensure visual consistency
across clips, we propose an effective concept personalization approach, which
allows the specification of the desired character identities through text
prompts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach exhibits
significant advantages over various existing baselines.Comment: Github: https://github.com/VideoCrafter/Animate-A-Story Project page:
https://videocrafter.github.io/Animate-A-Stor
On Leveraging Tests to Infer Nullable Annotations
Issues related to the dereferencing of null pointers are a pervasive and widely studied problem, and numerous static analyses have been proposed for this purpose. These are typically based on dataflow analysis, and take advantage of annotations indicating whether a type is nullable or not. The presence of such annotations can significantly improve the accuracy of null checkers. However, most code found in the wild is not annotated, and tools must fall back on default assumptions, leading to both false positives and false negatives. Manually annotating code is a laborious task and requires deep knowledge of how a program interacts with clients and components.
We propose to infer nullable annotations from an analysis of existing test cases. For this purpose, we execute instrumented tests and capture nullable API interactions. Those recorded interactions are then refined (santitised and propagated) in order to improve their precision and recall. We evaluate our approach on seven projects from the spring ecosystems and two google projects which have been extensively manually annotated with thousands of @Nullable annotations. We find that our approach has a high precision, and can find around half of the existing @Nullable annotations. This suggests that the method proposed is useful to mechanise a significant part of the very labour-intensive annotation task
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