Framework Untuk Merancang Persiapan Karyawan Departemen Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pada PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk Dengan Instructional System Design Dan Analytical Hierarchy Process

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) atau Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) yang diberlakukan pada tahun 2016, tentunya memiliki dampak besar seperti pada perusahaan akan terjadi persaingan antar perusahaan. Salah satu perusahaan yang terkena dampak ini adalah Semen Indonesia yang mana menguasai kapasitas produksi semen dengan produksi lebih dari 29 juta ton semen atau setara dengan 41.2% total konsumsi semen di Indonesia. Jadi pernting untuk adanya pengembangan di bidang inovasi untuk bisa berkompetisi diantara negaranegara ASEAN yang diperketat dengan isu ini. Instructional System Design (ISD) adalah salah satu metode yang dapat memberikan peningkatan kualitas karyawan melalui penyajian informasi mendalam mengenai jabatan tersebut. Pada kasus ini, metode Instructional System Design (ISD) di aplikasikan pada posisi Spesialis/Kepala Seksi dari department teknologi & produksi di PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk. Metode Instructional System Design (ISD) yang dikombinasikan dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) akan memberikan informasi terkait dengan derajat kepentingan dari pengetahuan dan training inti manakan yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk dipelajari. Lalu pelatihan, isi dari pelatihan, dan modul yang sesuai dengan jabatan dianalisis menyesuaikan kebutuhan pengetahuan. Proses ini pada dasarnya dilakukan untuk menemukan kriteria dari pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan jabatan tersebut, sehingga pada saat pelatihan, efektifitas dari pengetahuan yang diserap menjadi maksimal, karena hanya pengetahuan yang diperlukan saja yang ditampilkan. Maka pemegang jabatan berikutnya dapat dengan siap menghadapi permasalahan teknologi dan dapat dengan efektif mengkoordinasikan dan melakukan penelitian untuk inovasi. ===================================================================================== ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which is introduced in 2016, it would have a big impact on the company as there will be inter - company competition. One of the companies affected is Semen Indonesia which controls the production of cement with a production capacity of more than 29 million tons, it`s equivalent to 41.2% of total of cement consumption in Indonesia. So, it is important to do improvement in this field of innovation to compete among ASEAN countries are tightened with this issue. Instructional System Design (ISD) is one method that can provide improved quality of employees through presenting detailed information about the position. In this case, the Instructional System Design (ISD) method was applied to the Specialist or head of section of department of technology and production in PT Semen Indonesia Tbk. Instructional System Design (ISD) Method is combined with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) will provide the information that related to degree of importance of the knowledge and training core which has much needed to be studied. Then, the training, the content of training and the modules that correspond with positions analyzed and made to match the needs of knowledge. This process is basically to find the criteria of knowledge that is absorbed into the maximum, because knowledge required only are displayed. So that, the next incumbent can be prepared to deal with technology issues and can effectively coordinate and conduct research for innovation

Electronic information sharing in local government authorities: Factors influencing the decision-making process

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in International Journal of Information Management. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are mainly characterised as information-intensive organisations. To satisfy their information requirements, effective information sharing within and among LGAs is necessary. Nevertheless, the dilemma of Inter-Organisational Information Sharing (IOIS) has been regarded as an inevitable issue for the public sector. Despite a decade of active research and practice, the field lacks a comprehensive framework to examine the factors influencing Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) among LGAs. The research presented in this paper contributes towards resolving this problem by developing a conceptual framework of factors influencing EIS in Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration. By presenting this model, we attempt to clarify that EIS in LGAs is affected by a combination of environmental, organisational, business process, and technological factors and that it should not be scrutinised merely from a technical perspective. To validate the conceptual rationale, multiple case study based research strategy was selected. From an analysis of the empirical data from two case organisations, this paper exemplifies the importance (i.e. prioritisation) of these factors in influencing EIS by utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The intent herein is to offer LGA decision-makers with a systematic decision-making process in realising the importance (i.e. from most important to least important) of EIS influential factors. This systematic process will also assist LGA decision-makers in better interpreting EIS and its underlying problems. The research reported herein should be of interest to both academics and practitioners who are involved in IOIS, in general, and collaborative e-Government, in particular

Lean Thinking For Lead-Time Reduction And Efficient Knowledge Creation In Product Development

There are many distinct differences between manufacturing process and Product Development (PD) process, so lean tools have to be customized to deliver results in the later domain. The main focus of this dissertation is to extend them to manage and improve the PD process in order to develop the product faster while improving or at least maintaining the level of performance and quality. For aforesaid purpose, value stream mapping (VSM) method is used to explore the wastes, inefficiencies, non-valued added steps in a single, definable process out of complete PD process. Besides numerous intangible benefits, VSM framework will help the development team to reduce the lead-time by over 50%. Next, a set of ten lean tools and methods is proposed in order to support and improve efficiency of the knowledge creation (KC) process. The approach establishes a KC framework in PD environment, and systematically demonstrates how these lean tools and methods conceptually fit into and play a significant role in enhancing the performance of KC process. Following this, each of them is analysed and appropriately positioned in a SECI (socialization-externalization-combination-internalization) mode depending on the best fit. Quick and correct KC at the right time aids in further improving the development lead-time and product quality. Such successful innovation is often associated with adoption and execution of all SECI modes within any PD phase. This dissertation attempts to argue with this general notion and to distinguish different PD phases\u27 affinity corresponding to distinct SECI mode. In this regard, an extended Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (EFAHP) approach to determine the ranking in which any PD phase is influenced from SECI modes is proposed. In the EFAHP approach, the complex problem of KC is first itemized into a simple hierarchical structure for pairwise comparisons. Next, a triangular fuzzy number concept is applied to capture the inherent vagueness in linguistic terms of a decision-maker. This dissertation recommends mapping the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) with normal distributions about X-axis when the pessimistic value of one TFN is less than the optimistic value of other TFN (t23 ≤ t11). This allows us to develop a mathematical formulation to estimate the degree of possibility of two criteria as opposed to zero resulted by the use of the current technique in the literature. In order to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed EFAHP in ranking the SECI modes, an empirical study of development phase is considered. After stringent analysis, we found that the combination mode was the mode that highly influenced the development phase

The MinK Framework: An Integrated Framework to Assess Individual Knowledge in Organisational Context.

Knowledge is the currency of the global economy, the foundation of wealth creation, and the sole antecedent of sustainable competitive advantage in today’s markets. In the current business environment, success of organisations is dependent upon their ability to develop and implement resilient Knowledge Management (KM) strategies to leverage and exploit their knowledge assets. Yet, knowledge is intrinsically linked to individuals and their exclusive abilities to create, share and apply knowledge thereby creating value for their organisations. Knowledge holders are without doubt the valuable assets which lead the increasing velocity of organisational transformation in order to cope with market pressures and confront uncertainty. Effectual KM thus implicates knowledge assessment capability that enables the identification of knowledge holders within the firm and accordingly optimises the allocation of knowledge assets. Identifying and retaining knowledge holders requires a systematic KM initiative to help managers assess the individual knowledge of their employees and hence formulate and evaluate knowledge management and retention strategies. This research therefore attempts to focus on knowledge assessment practice and explores the underlying constructs of individual knowledge in the organisational context. In light of the knowledge-based view of the firm[1][2][3], a comprehensive theoretical model highlights the crucial role of individuals in organisational knowledge dynamics based on seminal KM theories of Stocks and Flows of Knowledge[4], Intellectual Capital[5] [6] [7], and the SECI Model of Knowledge Creation[8]. Evolving from this conceptual foundation, the MinK framework is proposed as an innovative framework that endows organisations in delineating knowledge stocks and visualising knowledge flows by providing an integrated assessment platform for decision makers. The presented framework ensures that individual knowledge is accurately assessed from a number of perspectives using a well-defined set of theoretically grounded and industry validated indicators stemming from a multi-dimensional scorecard. Flexibility is embedded in the MinK framework, allowing managers to customise the key measures according to the firm’s specific context. Adopting the 360-degree approach, the assessment process uses self evaluations and multi-source knowledge appraisals to provide rich and insightful results. An Individual Knowledge Index (IK-Index) that denotes the overall knowledge rating of each employee is another research outcome spanning out of a unique formula that combines a number of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques to consolidate assessment results into a single reflective numeral. The incorporation of technology enables the complete automation of the assessment process and helps to address parametric multiplicity and arithmetic complexity. Armed with advances in Information Technology, the MinK Web System offers a user-friendly interface supported by a sophisticated computational module and a smart deep learning algorithm to ensure the efficiency, security, and accuracy of the assessment process. Companies that used MinK in the pilot study have described the framework as an accurate assessment solution which can enable managers to make informed decisions, particularly in human capital planning. Such an approach balances the art and science of KM while taking into account the culture and dynamics of the organisation. Ultimately, this research advocates a people-centric KM approach that places the individual knowledge holder at the core of KM activity, and suggests that effective KM is essentially effective management of knowledge workers

Assessment of Knowledge Sharing Determinants in The Nigeria Universities Using Analytic Network Process

As a core process to knowledge management that aids innovation and regeneration of knowledge, knowledge sharing cannot be overemphasized owing to its importance in gaining competitive edge and sustaining competitive advantage. Therefore, this study examines factors influencing knowledge sharing using multi-criteria model. The research design is quantitative and analytical in nature through a survey of experts (Lecturers) with the usage of pairwise comparison questionnaire. Sample was drawn through multi-stage sampling procedure and 102 copies of questionnaires were retrieved and found fit for analysis. Data collected were modelled into clusters in line with ANP technique. The results show that institutional norms were better group of motivator for knowledge sharing while; individual barriers are more disastrous to knowledge sharing. Moreover, reflections of university mission, academic-industrial research and development excellence and quality teaching service delivery are both equally and moderately influenced by determinants of knowledge sharing. Therefore, based on the findings, academic staff are advised to be unbiased to knowledge sharing acts, while, policymakers are encouraged to demand the need for academic staff progress in career, intellectual benefits and financial rewards, and campaign against cultural differences and high job politics, in order to improve the flow of knowledge among academics for global competitiveness

How to Select Knowledge Management Systems: A Framework to Support Managers

The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodological framework which could support managers in the selection of Knowledge Management Systems. The framework is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach. Several aspects should draw the attention of an organization’s upper level of management seeking to implement a Knowledge Management System and many specific issues have to be considered. As such, the framework has been built by making use of an ad‐hoc hierarchical structure, where each singular specificity is described and compared, second‐order criteria are studied and analysed, and optional decisions are highlighted and evaluated. This methodological framework offers a good applicability to different business contexts, since its hierarchical arrangement suits most of the needs of numerous organizations. Consequently, it can be regarded as a holistic approach able to assist decision makers in their Knowledge Management System selection process

Citizens Adoption and Intellectual Capital Approach

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2019. 2. Hwang, Junseok .The emergence of knowledge intensive industries gave rise to the issue of intellectual capital management which is used as an instrument to identify and measure the hidden sources of value creation at the firm, regional and national level. Knowledge-intensive companies are rated much higher than their book value suggests, and thus need to identify the intangible valuables of the company for the improvement and sustainability of their learning and capitalization system. Intellectual capital components are the key resources that can be leveraged for smart city development which intends to use information and communication technologies in order to bring efficiency and sustainability to the urban functions. The role of intellectual capital components in smart city implementation needs to be studied due to the fact that attributes of intellectual capital components would have a distinguished impact on value creation and the increase in productivity and performance. Despite the existence of a significant number of literatures on intellectual capital, the role of its components in the success of smart city implementation has not been examined. This research aims to investigate the role of intellectual capital components towards smart city success using an analysis of experts preferences for human capital and structural capital. The research also includes the demand-side perspective towards smart city information services characteristics that influences the adoption decision. The analysis is performed using two methodologies: Analytics Hierarchy Process (AHP) for human capital and structural capital and discrete choice analysis using a mixed logit model for the adoption of smart city information services. The first study employs a multidimensional approach to the development of a model for human capital using individual-level characteristics and the collective behavior. The identification of the sources of value in human capital is critical to the success of smart city implementations as these capabilities can be leveraged and upgraded to improve productivity and performance. Human capital components have been categorized into personal qualifications, personal traits, culture and social factors. The findings reveal that the most important category is personal qualifications followed by culture. Moreover, the overall priority weights estimation shows that the existence of domain-specific tacit knowledge gained through experience, the multi-disciplinary scope of education and the density of R&D personnel are the top-three ranked attributes of human capital towards smart city success. The study on the structural capital examined 24 smart city cases across the globe to identify the structural capital elements valuable in the smart city development process. The different orchestration of these structural capital elements can influence the outcome of the development process and its impact on the efficiency of the urban systems. The identified structural capital elements have been categorized into process, relational and infrastructural dimensions. The findings reveal that the infrastructural dimension comprising communication and information system is most critical towards the smart city success, followed by the process category with the most dominant component of policy. The overall ranking of these elements suggest that the decision makers need to focus on city-level policies and the development and enforcement of procedures for innovation generation. Finally, the citizens preferences analysis was performed for the case of Islamabad city in Pakistan which is at the early stage of smart city development and can benefit from a better understanding of the demand-side perspective. The characteristics of smart city information services considered in the study comprise language, access mode, service ownership, interoperability and security. Willingness-to-pay was used to observe the price sensitivity of the end users choices. The findings reveal that citizens in Islamabad have a higher utility towards the use of the English language, a mobile access mode and a high level of security. In conclusion, the study provides guidelines for policy makers who are concerned with the early stage of smart city development. The demand-side study of Islamabad city provides valuable insights in to existing trends that affect the rapid adoption of smart city services.국문초록 지식집약적 산업의 출현으로 기업, 지역 및 국가 차원에서 가치 창출의 숨겨진 출처를 파악하고 측정하는 도구로 사용되는 지적 자본 관리가 쟁점으로 떠올랐다. 지식집약적 기업은 순자산보다 훨씬 높은 평가를 받고 있기 때문에 그들의 학습과 자본화 시스템의 개선과 지속 가능성을 위해 회사의 무형 가치를 확인할 필요가 있다. 지적 자본요소는 정보통신 기술을 이용해 도시 기능에 효율성과 지속성을 높이는 스마트 시티 개발에 활용될 수 있는 핵심 자원이다. 지적 자본 요소의 속성은 가치 창출과 생산성 및 성능 향상에 가변적인 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 스마트 시티 구현에서의 지적 자본 요소의 역할을 연구할 필요가 있다. 지적 자본에 관한 중요한 연구 문헌들이 있지만 스마트 시티의 성공적인 구현을 위한각 요소들의 역할은 검토되지 않았다. 이 연구는 인적자본과 구조자본에 대한 전문가의 선호도 분석을 사용하여 스마트 시티의 성공을 위한 지적 자본 요소의 역할 조사를 목적으로 한다. 또한 수용 의사 결정에 영향을 미치는 스마트 시티 정보 서비스 특성에 대한 수요 측면의 관점도 조사한다. 분석은 인적 자본 및 구조적 자본을 위한 분석 계층 프로세스(AHP)와 스마트 시티 정보 서비스 채택을 위한 혼합 로짓 모델을 이용한 이산 선택 분석이라는 두 가지 방법을 사용한다. 첫 번째 연구는 다차원적 접근법을 사용해 개인 수준의 특성과 집단 행동을 이용한 인적 자본에 대한 모델을 개발한다. 인적 자본의 가치의 근원을 식별하는 것은 스마트 시티 구현 성공에 매우 중요하다. 이러한 능력들이 활용되고 개선되어 생산성과 성능을 향상시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 인적 자본 요소는 개인의 자격, 성격, 문화, 사회적 요인으로 분류되었다. 그 결과, 첫번째로 중요한 것은 개인의 자격요건이며 두번째는 문화임을 밝혀냈다. 또한, 전체적인 우선순위 가중치 추정은 경험을 통해 얻은 도메인 고유의 암묵적 지식의 존재, 다분야의 교육 범위 및 R&D 인력의 밀도는 스마트 시티 성공을 위한 인적 자본의 상위 3대 속성임을 보여준다. 구조적 자본에 관한 연구는 전 세계 24개 스마트 시티 사례를 조사해 스마트 시티 개발 과정에서 가치 있는 구조적 자본의 요소를 확인했다. 서로 다른 구조적 자본 요소의 조정은 개발 프로세스의 결과와 도시 시스템의 효율성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 확인된 구조적 자본 요소는 프로세스, 관계 및 기반 구조 차원으로 분류되었다. 이는 통신과 정보 시스템을 구성하는 기반 구조의 차원이 스마트 시티의 성공에 가장 중요하며 그 다음으로 정책의 가장 우세한 구성 요소를 가진 프로세스 범주가 중요하다는 것을 보여준다. 이들 요소의 전체 순위는 의사결정자들이 혁신 생성을 위한 도시 수준의 정책과 절차 개발과 집행에 초점을 맞출 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 스마트 시티 개발의 초기 단계에 있으며 수요 측면 관점에서 유용할 수 있는 파키스탄의 이슬라마바드 도시에 대한 시민의 선호 분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서 고려한 스마트 시티 정보 서비스의 특성은 언어, 접근 모드, 서비스 소유권, 상호운용성 및 보안으로 구성된다. 지불 의지는 최종 사용자의 선택에 따른 가격 민감도를 관찰하기 위해 사용되었다. 연구 결과는 이슬라마바드 시민들이 높은 수준의 보안과 함께 영어 사용에 더 높은 효용을 가지고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 특별히 스마트 시티 개발의 초기 단계에 있는 정책 입안자들을 위한 지침을 제공한다. 이슬라마바드시에 대한 수요 측면 연구는 스마트 시티 서비스의 신속한 채택을 지원하는 기존 추세에 대한 귀중한 통찰력을 제공한다. 주요 단어: 스마트 시티, 지적 자본, 인적 자본, 구조적 자본, 정보 서비스Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Purpose of the Research 9 1.3 Contribution of the Research 12 1.4 Research Outline 15 Chapter 2 Literature Review 18 2.1 Smart Cities 18 2.1.1 Smart City Definitions 19 2.1.2 Smart City Components 22 2.1.3 Smart City Systems Architecture 28 2.2 Intellectual Capital 30 2.2.1 Existing Studies on Intellectual Capital 32 2.2.2 Intellectual Capital and Smart Cities 37 2.2.3 Intellectual Capital Components 39 Chapter 3 Study on the Role of Human Capital for Smart City Success 50 3.1 Model 52 3.1.1 Personal Qualifications 54 3.1.2 Personal Traits 57 3.1.3 Culture 58 3.1.4 Social Factors 59 3.2 Methodology 60 3.2.1 Survey for Analytic Hierarchy Process 63 3.3 Estimation of Results 66 Chapter 4 Study on Structural Capital Role for Smart City Success 74 4.1 Model 77 4.1.1 Process Elements 77 4.1.2 Relational Elements 81 4.1.3 Infrastructural Elements 82 4.2 Methodology 85 4.2.1 Survey for Analytic Hierarchy Process 85 4.3 Estimation of Results 87 Chapter 5 Adoption of Smart City Information Services 95 5.1 Citizens Preferences Analysis towards the Adoption of Smart City Information Services 95 5.2 Model 97 5.3 Methodology 101 5.3.1 Random Utility Model 101 5.3.2 Willingness to Pay 104 5.4 Survey Design and Data 105 5.4.1 Survey for Discrete Choice Analysis 105 5.5 Estimation of Results 109 Chapter 6 Discussion and Conclusion 115 6.1 Discussion and Implications 115 6.2 Conclusion 128 6.3 Limitations and Future Work 131 References 134 Appendix A: Description of Attributes for AHP Survey 152 Appendix B: Survey Questionnaire for AHP 155 Appendix C: Conjoint Survey for Citizens Preference Analysis 163 국문초록 166 Acknowledgments 169Docto

Integrated Spatial Assessment (ISA): A Multi-Methodological Approach for Planning Choices

In decision-making processes for urban planning and design, evaluation can be considered a relevant tool to build choices, to recognize values, interests and needs, and to explore the different aspects that can influence decisions. Evaluation can be considered a process to integrate approaches, methods and models, able to support the different needs of the decision-making process itself. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2006), it is possible to define a planning-evaluation cycle with various phases requested by both planners and evaluators. The first phase of such a cycle, the so-called planning phase, is designed in order to elaborate a set of potential actions, programs, or technologies, and select the best ones for implementation. The main stages are related to (1) the formulation of the problem, issue, or concern; (2) the broad conceptualization of the main alternatives to be considered; (3) the detailing of these alternatives and their potential implications; (4) the evaluation of the alternatives and the selection of the preferable one; and (5) the implementation of the selected alternative. These stages are considered inherent to planning, but they need a relevant evaluation work, useful in conceptualization and detailing, and in assessing alternatives and making a choice of the preferable one. The evaluation phase also involves a sequence of stages that includes: (1) the formulation of the major goals and objectives; (2) the conceptualization and operationalization of the major components of the evaluation (program, participants, setting, criteria, measures, etc.); (3) the design of the evaluation, detailing how these components will be coordinated; the analysis of the information, both qualitative and quantitative; and (4) the utilization of the evaluation results. Indeed, evaluation is intrinsic to all types of decision-making and can take different meanings and roles within decision-making processes, especially if it is related to spatial planning (Alexander, 2006). ”Evaluation in planning” or ”evaluation within planning” seems to better interpret the concept of planning-evaluation proposed by Lichfield (1996) where the binomial name makes explicit the close interaction and reciprocal framing of evaluation and planning: evaluation is conceived as deeply embedded in planning, affecting planning, and evolving with it (Cerreta, 2010). Indeed, the evolution of evaluation methods reflects their evolving relationship with the planning process and the way in which they interact with the diversity and multiplicity of domains and values. To identify an analytic and evaluative structure able to integrate different purposes and multidimensional values within the decision-making processes means to develop evaluation frameworks not focusing only on the environmental, social and economic effects of different options, but also considering the nature of the stakes, selecting priorities and values in a multidimensional perspective. It is crucial to structure complex decision-making processes oriented to an integrated planning, that can support the selection, the monitoring and the management of different resources, and the interaction among decision-makers, decision-takers, stakeholders and local community