508 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Vêtithèques versus fast fashion – Dévoiler les verrouillages aux changements de pratiques habituelles de consommation pour mieux les dépasser et favoriser le déploiement de l’économie de la fonctionnalité dans le secteur de l’habillement

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    Pour répondre aux enjeux environnementaux, économiques et sociaux de ce siècle, une transition vers plus de soutenabilité est nécessaire. C’est pourquoi les recherches se sont notamment tournées vers l’émergence de nouveaux modèles économiques. Parmi ceux-ci, l’économie de la fonctionnalité (EF) vend l’usage d’un bien, par opposition à la vente classique du bien en lui-même. Cependant, ce modèle peine à recruter un nombre suffisant de consommateurs pour être viable. Ce phénomène s’illustre parfaitement dans le secteur de l’habillement où malgré une conscience collective de la nécessité de se diriger vers des offres plus soutenables, la course à la possession reste globalement inchangée. Et ce, malgré l’apparition d’offres comme celles des vêtithèques ou bibliothèques de vêtements, une application de l’EF dans le secteur de l’habillement. Le postulat de cette thèse est le suivant : la compréhension fine des ingrédients et ressorts des pratiques de consommation actuelles est essentielle au déploiement de ce nouveau modèle économique potentiellement porteur de soutenabilité. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les verrouillages aux changements de pratiques de consommation et en particulier la difficulté des consommateurs à se tourner vers les offres des vêtithèques. En ce sens, cette thèse met en évidence l’existence de deux niveaux de verrouillages : ceux profonds relevant des construits socio-culturels – tels que les dress codes, l’habillement comme moyen d’expression d’un statut social ou la réponse à des désirs créés par le marketing – et ceux moins profonds, résultant de l’enchevêtrement des ingrédients, qui routinisent la pratique de consommation de vêtements. L’hypothèse traitée dans cette thèse est qu'il serait possible, dans un premier temps, d’initier un changement de pratiques sans forcément devoir modifier les verrouillages socio-culturels liés à la consommation actuelle de vêtements. Il serait ainsi envisageable de réaliser une transition vers une consommation plus soutenable en déverrouillant des verrouillages moins profonds des pratiques habituelles. La caractérisation des verrouillages relevant de construits socio-culturels qui demandent une déconstruction dans une temporalité plus longue permettra, ensuite, l’amorce d’actions plus profondes. Cette analyse sert ensuite une réflexion plus large traitant des conditions de déploiement de l’EF dans le secteur de l’habillement puis dans ceux de la mobilité et des outils et objets. Ainsi, cette thèse met en évidence le fait que les freins à l’adoption d’offres fonctionnelles sont en partie génériques – propres au modèle de l’EF – et en partie liés au contexte d’utilisation de produits propre à chaque secteur. Plus spécifiquement, les freins à l’adoption d’offres de vêtithèques divergent (1) selon que l’adhésion se fait à une vêtithèque occasionnelle ou quotidienne et (2) selon les profils de consommation des porteurs de pratiques. L'ensemble de ces réflexions est enchâssé dans un questionnement plus large sur la réelle fonctionnalité de la consommation en lien avec l'impératif de soutenabilité.In order to face the coming environmental, economic and social challenges, a transition to more sustainable practices is needed. This is why research has focused on emerging models such as Product-Service Systems (PSS) – referring here to the sale of the use of a good rather than the possession of the good itself. However, this model has trouble recruiting and retaining a large enough number of consumers to be viable. This is clearly visible in the clothing sector where, despite the presence of collective consciousness of the need to adopt more sustainable consumption practices, the appeal of personal ownership has not decreased. This stays true even despite the availability of new kinds of offers, such as clothing libraries, an implementation of PSS-type solutions in the clothing sector. The postulate of this thesis is the following: a detailed understanding of the ingredients and drivers of current consumption practices is essential to foster the spread of this new economic model, which could potentially lead to more sustainability. This is why the objective of this thesis is to study the lock-ins to consumption practices changes, in particular the difficulty consumers face in changing their habits in the clothing sector to PSS-type solutions. In this regard, this thesis highlights the existence of two levels of lock-ins: the deeper lock-ins related to socio-cultural constructs – such as dress codes, clothing as a means of expressing social status or the answer to desires created by marketing – and the shallow lock-ins – resulting from the entanglement of ingredients that routinize the practice of clothing consumption. The hypothesis addressed in this thesis is that it would be possible, at first, to initiate practices change without necessarily having to modify the socio-cultural lock-ins linked to current clothing consumption. In other words, it would thus be possible to initiate a transition towards more sustainable consumption by unlocking the shallow lock-ins of the habitual practices. Characterizing the lock-ins related to socio-cultural constructs requiring deconstruction over a longer period of time, will then allow for adoption of more profound actions. This analysis then serves as a basis for a broader reflection in addressing the PSS conditions of deployment in the clothing sector and then in those of mobility and tools and objects. This thesis also highlights that obstacles to the adoption of functional offers are partly generic – inherent to PSS – and partly due to the context of product use specific to each sector. More specifically for clothing libraries, this research shows that the obstacles to adoption of clothing libraries differ (1) whether the usage is occasional or daily, and (2) whether it is based on the consumption profiles of the carriers of the practices. Through this thesis, these analyses are part of a broader discussion on sustainabilizing consumption

    From Functioning to Flourishing: How Does Drama-Led Peace Education Help People Know, Experience And Transform Conflict? A Participatory Action-Research Project in a single school

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    Building on my peace-education experience, this inquiry explored a more creative way to co-construct knowledge around conflict and transformation. As well as documenting the development of my educational praxis, this research details how social justice, liberatory education, creativity and action aligned for me and twelve child co-researchers through a participatory action research (PAR) experience. The study comprised four action-research cycles: two group cycles (the Peace PAR project) bookended by two solo-practitioner cycles. The Peace PAR project took place in an English primary school in the Midlands over two school terms, involving 12 inner-city youths aged 10–11 and four adult participants. Together, we undertook a collaborative and democratic inquiry into transformative solutions to complex relational problems. The Peace PAR Project’s process revealed the co-research group’s underlying relational conflict, including the unjust ways we treated each other and were treated by others (including adults). Our developing consciousness initiated our transformation towards radically new senses of self-perception and agency, stimulating more action as we upheld our right to be considered differently by each other and school staff. Using cycles of action and reflection to develop understanding and practice, we co-created an alternative research focus through a radical, inclusive epistemology. Four key themes emerged from the study. First, the project demonstrated how values-led, arts-engaging practices enabled the co-researchers and I to step beyond dominant discourses and rationality to deconstruct our personal and social worlds and offer alternatives. Second, blending PAR and Theatre-of-the-Oppressed methods provided a unique epistemological framework, pedagogical approach and creative methodology based on sensory knowledge substantiation: we understood by seeing, hearing and feeling. Third, the inquiry offers an original contribution to knowledge by shedding light on how young people understand peace, peaceful methods, and peaceful mechanisms of dialogue about conflict. Finally, the study demonstrates the benefits of a short-lived democratic peace education in a school environment dominated by more regulated arrangements of space, time, and bodies. As well as investigating values, oppression, conflict and peace in exploring how arts-engaged research and drama-led peace education might help people experience, know and transform conflict, this study revealed how I taught others and how others taught me within the contextual influences of our shared learning conditions. Our restorative-based, values-led inquiry valued human complexity over procedural simplicity. We concluded that radical change doesn’t need to be violent. Within the Peace PAR project, we made Our Peace

    Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics, XXV, 2023, 2

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    Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics is an open access philosophical journal, being published only in an electronic format. The journal aims at promoting research and reflection, both historically and theoretically, in the field of moral and political philosophy, with no cultural preclusion or adhesion to any cultural current. Contributions should be submitted in one of these languages: Italian, English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish. All essays should include an English abstract of max. 200 words. The editorial staff especially welcomes interdisciplinary contributions with special attention to the main trends of the world of practice. The journal has an anonymous double peer review referee system. Three issues per year are expected. The copyright of the published articles remain to the authors. We ask that in any future use of them Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics be quoted as a source. All products on this site are released with a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 IT

    Articulate Furnishings: German Cabinetmakers and the Construction of Elite Experience and Intellectual Culture, 1550-1650

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    This dissertation extends beyond the art historical canon and traditional methodologies to redirectscholarly attention back to a crucial aspect of early modern life: bodily experience and knowledgecreation. Framing the early modern collector’s cabinet as a display technology specific to the Kunst- undWunderkammer, or art and curiosity collection, I illuminate the crucial role of the German cabinetmakerin constructing the interactive furnishings that mediated the cognitive and bodily perception of objects ofknowledge of elite collectors in the sixteenth century. Joining the static functions of object preservationand organization with the dynamic performativity of concealment and revelation, collector’s cabinetsstaged novel and short-lived patterns of interactions between early modern persons and objects. Theconstruction, decoration, and contents of the most spectacular of collector’s cabinets not only impelledbut also actively invited the physical handling of objects. Four chapters contextualize the iconographic,representational, material, organizational, and interactive properties of collector’s cabinets alongsidecontemporary inventories, devotional literature and practices, and treatises on collecting and naturalhistory that document early modern approaches to knowledge acquisition. Grafting previously unmappedforms of early modern experience onto masterworks of artisanal skill and ingenuity, this study illuminatesthe ingenuity of sixteenth-century German cabinetmakers who revolutionized early modern persons’perceptions of and interactions with (art) objectsDoctor of Philosoph

    Context Awareness in Swarm Systems

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    Recent swarms of Uncrewed Systems (UxS) require substantial human input to support their operation. The little 'intelligence' on these platforms limits their potential value and increases their overall cost. Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions are needed to allow a single human to guide swarms of larger sizes. Shepherding is a bio-inspired swarm guidance approach with one or a few sheepdogs guiding a larger number of sheep. By designing AI-agents playing the role of sheepdogs, humans can guide the swarm by using these AI agents in the same manner that a farmer uses biological sheepdogs to muster sheep. A context-aware AI-sheepdog offers human operators a smarter command and control system. It overcomes the current limiting assumption in the literature of swarm homogeneity to manage heterogeneous swarms and allows the AI agents to better team with human operators. This thesis aims to demonstrate the use of an ontology-guided architecture to deliver enhanced contextual awareness for swarm control agents. The proposed architecture increases the contextual awareness of AI-sheepdogs to improve swarm guidance and control, enabling individual and collective UxS to characterise and respond to ambiguous swarm behavioural patterns. The architecture, associated methods, and algorithms advance the swarm literature by allowing improved contextual awareness to guide heterogeneous swarms. Metrics and methods are developed to identify the sources of influence in the swarm, recognise and discriminate the behavioural traits of heterogeneous influencing agents, and design AI algorithms to recognise activities and behaviours. The proposed contributions will enable the next generation of UxS with higher levels of autonomy to generate more effective Human-Swarm Teams (HSTs)
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