920,749 research outputs found
Advancing Early Childhood Development : from Science to Scale. An Executive Summary for The Lancetâs Series
The 2016 Lancet Early Childhood Development Series highlights early childhood development at a time when it has been universally endorsed in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.1-3 This Series considers new scientific evidence for interventions, building on the findings and recommendations of previous Lancet Series on child development (2007, 2011), and proposes pathways for implementation of early childhood development at scale. The Series emphasises ânurturing careâ, especially of children below three years of age, and multi-sectoral interventions starting with health which can have wide reach to families and young children through health and nutrition
Author Gender in The Lancet journals
Despite important advances in recent decades, gender inequality persists in science. In this
Comment, the current gender composition of the authors published in The Lancet journals is
analyzed briefly. In general terms, women represent about one-third of article authorships, with
the noteworthy exception of The Lancet Psychiatry (45.2%). Female representation among first
authors is 51.1% in The Lancet Psychiatry and 42.9% in The Lancet Global Health, higher than
the overall percentages.
A common feature (except for The Lancet HIV and, to a lesser extent, The Lancet Global
Health) is a more pronounced gender gap in the last (senior) position, which indicates that age
might be a factor (although not the only one) modulating gender asymmetry in The Lancet
journals
Cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety
Commentary on: Clinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients (Tyrer et al THE LANCET-D-13-04564R2
âRapid-Impact Interventionsâ: How a Policy of Integrated Control for Africa's Neglected Tropical Diseases Could Benefit the Poor
Controlling seven tropical infections in Africa would cost just 40 cents per person per year, and would permanently benefit hundreds of millions of people
Evidence for risk of bias in cluster randomised trials: review of recent trials published in three general medical journals
Objective To examine the prevalence of a risk of bias associated with the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials among a sample of recently published studies. Design Retrospective review of cluster randomised trials published in the BMJ, Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine from January 1997 to October 2002. Main outcome measures Prevalence of secure randomisation of clusters, identification of participants before randomisation (to avoid foreknowledge of allocation), differential recruitment between treatment arms, differential application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and differential attrition. Results Of the 36 trials identified, 24 were published in the BMJ, I I in the Lancet, and a single trial in the New England journal of Medicine. At the cluster level, 15 (42%) trials provided evidence for secure allocation and 25 (69%) used stratified allocation. Few trials showed evidence of imbalance at the cluster level. However, some evidence of susceptibility to risk of bias at the individual level existed in 14 (39%) studies. Conclusions Some recently published cluster randomised trials may not have taken adequate precautions to guard against threats to the internal validity of their design
The lancet weight determines wheal diameter in response to skin prick testing with histamine
BACKGROUND:Skin prick test (SPT) is a common test for diagnosing immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies. In clinical routine, technicalities, human errors or patient-related biases, occasionally results in suboptimal diagnosis of sensitization. OBJECTIVE:Although not previously assessed qualitatively, lancet weight is hypothesized to be important when performing SPT to minimize the frequency of false positives, false negatives, and unwanted discomfort. METHODS:Accurate weight-controlled SPT was performed on the volar forearms and backs of 20 healthy subjects. Four predetermined lancet weights were applied (25 g, 85 g, 135 g and 265 g) using two positive control histamine solutions (1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL) and one negative control (saline). A total of 400 SPTs were conducted. The outcome parameters were: wheal size, neurogenic inflammation (measured by superficial blood perfusion), frequency of bleeding, and the lancet provoked pain response. RESULTS:The mean wheal diameter increased significantly as higher weights were applied to the SPT lancet, e.g. from 3.2 ± 0.28 mm at 25 g to 5.4 ± 1.7 mm at 265 g (p<0.01). Similarly, the frequency of bleeding, the provoked pain, and the neurogenic inflammatory response increased significantly. At 265 g saline evoked two wheal responses (/160 pricks) below 3 mm. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The applied weight of the lancet during the SPT-procedure is an important factor. Higher lancet weights precipitate significantly larger wheal reactions with potential diagnostic implications. This warrants additional research of the optimal lancet weight in relation to SPT-guidelines to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the procedure
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