Design and performance evaluation of a state-space based AQM

Recent research has shown the link between congestion control in communication networks and feedback control system. In this paper, the design of an active queue management (AQM) which can be viewed as a controller, is considered. Based on a state space representation of a linearized fluid flow model of TCP, the AQM design is converted to a state feedback synthesis problem for time delay systems. Finally, an example extracted from the literature and simulations via a network simulator NS (under cross traffic conditions) support our study

On Designing Lyapunov-Krasovskii Based AQM for Routers Supporting TCP Flows

For the last few years, we assist to a growing interest of designing AQM (Active Queue Management) using control theory. In this paper, we focus on the synthesis of an AQM based on the Lyapunov theory for time delay systems. With the help of a recently developed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using a state space representation of a linearized fluid model of TCP, two robust AQMs stabilizing the TCP model are constructed. Notice that our results are constructive and the synthesis problem is reduced to a convex optimization scheme expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, an example extracted from the literature and simulations via {\it NS simulator} support our study

Congestion Control in Satellite Networks

Due to exponential increases in internet traffic, Active Queue Management (AQM) has been heavily studied by numerous researchers. However, little is known about AQM in satellite networks. A microscopic examination of queueing behavior in satellite networks is conducted to identify problems with applying existing AQM methods. A new AQM method is proposed to overcome the problems and it is validated using a realistic emulation environment and a mathematical model. Three problems that were discovered during the research are discussed in this dissertation. The first problem is oscillatory queueing, which is caused by high buffering due to Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP) in satellite networks where congestion control after the PEP buffering does not effectively control traffic senders. Existing AQMs that can solve this problem have tail drop queueing that results in consecutive packet drops (global synchronization). A new AQM method called Adaptive Virtual Queue Random Early Detection (AVQRED) is proposed to solve this problem. The second problem is unfair bandwidth sharing caused by inaccurate measurements of per-flow bandwidth usage. AVQRED is enhanced to accurately measure per-flow bandwidth usage to solve this problem without adding much complexity to the algorithm. The third problem is queueing instability caused by buffer flow control where TCP receive windows are adjusted to flow control traffic senders instead of dropping received packets during congestion. Although buffer flow control is quite attractive to satellite networks, queueing becomes unstable because accepting packets instead of dropping them aggravates the congestion level. Furthermore, buffer flow control has abrupt reductions in the TCP receive window size due to high PEP buffering causing more instability. AVQRED with packet drop is proposed to solve this problem. Networks with scarce bandwidth and high propagation delays can not afford to have an unstable AQM. In this research, three problems that are caused by existing AQMs are identified and a new AQM is proposed to solve the problems. This research can be used by the satellite industry to improve gateway performances and provide better end-user experiences

Analysis of RED-Family Active Queue Management

RED is an Active Queue Management (AQM) technique that is intended to achieve high link utilization with a low queuing delay. Recent studies show that RED is difficult to configure for some rapidly changing traffic mixes and loads [1]. Other studies show that under some conditions, the performance gains of RED and its variants over traditional drop-tail queue management is not significant given the additional complexity required for proper configuration [2], [3]. Recent variants of RED, such as Adaptive- RED [4], are designed to provide more robust RED performance under a wider-range of traffic conditions. This paper develops a general queue law for TCP-RED control systems that use packet dropping and/or Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) marking as congestion signaling methods, and illustrates the impact of TCP traffic on the behavior of congested router queue. Furthermore, this paper provides additional analysis of RED and newer variants of RED including Adaptive-RED [4] that is designed to provide more robust RED performance under a wider-range of traffic conditions. Through careful simulation designs using the queue law and analysis, this paper confirms that RED-like AQM techniques that employ packet dropping do not significantly improve performance over that of drop-tail queue management. However, when AQM techniques use ECN marking, the performance gains of AQM in terms of goodput and delay can be significant over that of drop-tail queue management

An adaptive active queue management algorithm in Internet

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Parameter self-tuning in internet congestion control

Active Queue Management (AQM) aims to achieve high link utilization, low queuing delay and low loss rate in routers. However, it is difficult to adapt AQM parameters to constantly provide desirable transient and steady-state performance under highly dynamic network scenarios. They need to be a trade-off made between queuing delay and utilization. The queue size would become unstable when round-trip time or link capacity increases, or would be unnecessarily large when round-trip time or link capacity decreases. Effective ways of adapting AQM parameters to obtain good performance have remained a critical unsolved problem during the last fifteen years. This thesis firstly investigates existing AQM algorithms and their performance. Based on a previously developed dynamic model of TCP behaviour and a linear feedback model of TCP/RED, Auto-Parameterization RED (AP-RED) is proposed which unveils the mechanism of adapting RED parameters according to measurable network conditions. Another algorithm of Statistical Tuning RED (ST-RED) is developed for systematically tuning four key RED parameters to control the local stability in response to the detected change in the variance of the queue size. Under variable network scenarios like round-trip time, link capacity and traffic load, no manual parameter configuration is needed. The proposed ST-RED can adjust corresponding parameters rapidly to maintain stable performance and keep queuing delay as low as possible. Thus the sensitivity of RED's performance to different network scenarios is removed. This Statistical Tuning algorithm can be applied to a PI controller for AQM and a Statistical Tuning PI (ST-PI) controller is also developed. The implementation of ST-RED and ST-PI is relatively straightforward. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of ST-RED and ST-PI and their capabilities to provide desirable transient and steady-state performance under extensively varying network conditions.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo