ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FARM PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Overeducation

According to manpower requirements economists, overeducation occurs when an individual has more schooling than is required by their job. Studies have found that men (but not women) who exceed the schooling norm for their job by 4 or more years are more dissatisfied with their current job and more likely to look for a better one, but that they are not more likely to be politically alienated or to support left wing causes. Individuals whose schooling achievement (competence in reading and math) exceeds the norm for their job are significantly more productive than coworkers. This implies that a greater supply of well educated workers will increase productivity even if available jobs do not change. Overeducaton also refers to situations where highly educated workers are oversupplied relative to the norms of the past. These periods tend to be temporary because the circumstances which cause them are temporary and because the resulting decline in the wage premium for schooling causes a slowdown in the growth of university attendance which with some lag brings supply and demand back into balance. The third use of these terms is to refer to a chronic tendency of a society to overinvest (or underinvest) in education relative to some social standard. Those who believe overeducation is chronic apply a Does your job require it standard, which reflects a very narrow conception of education. When, however, people\u27s non-pecuniary tastes for higher learning, the tendency of the market to under reward expertise and the spillover benefits generated by scientists and artists trained in university are taken into account, most societies are chronically undereducated not overeducated

A Note on the Use of Moving Average Trading Rules to Test For Weak from Efficiency in Capital Markets

This work focuses on the sensitivity of the performance of the moving average (MA) trading rule of technical analysis to changes in the MA length employed. Empirical analysis of daily data from NYSE, the Vienna Stock Exchange (VSE) and the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) reveal high variability of the performance of the MA trading rule as a function of the MA length for all these markets, a result that weakens the conclusions of previous works, regarding the validity of the hypothesis of weak form market efficiency. Further, the trading rule is found to have predictive power in ASE and VSE, but not in NYSE.Efficiency of Capital Markets; Technical Analysis Trading Rules with Moving Averages; Athens Stock Exchange; New York Stock Exchange; Vienna Stock Exchange.

Strategic Human Resource Management Measures: Key Linkages and the PeopleVantage Model

The field of human resource management faces a significant dilemma. While emerging evidence, theory and practical demands are increasing the visibility and credibility of human capital as a key to organizational success, the measures used to articulate the impact of human resource management decisions remain misunderstood, unwanted by key constituents, or even counter-productive. This article proposes that the key to creating meaningful HR metrics is to embed them within a model that shows the links between HR investments and organizational success. The PeopleVantage model is proposed as a framework, the application of the model is illustrated, and the potential of the model for guiding research and practical advances in effective HR measures is discussed

On the Integration of Emerging Stock Markets in the Middle East

Results from the Johansen-Juselius test suggest that the Middle East emerging stock markets are segmented globally, but appear highly integrated within the region. Moreover, the Gonzalo- Granger test, in conjunction with error-correction models, indicates that the market in Egypt is a dominant force driving other markets in the region. The apparent segmentation of the markets in the Middle East from the global market implies that these emerging markets provide international investors with potential diversification gains.

Policy for Maori: values, assumptions and closing the gap

This paper looks at the issue of what it is about the way in which policy is developed which influences whether or not policy meets the needs of Maori. To do this I will focus on one component of policy making; the role of the values and assumptions of policy makers. Assumptions about the nature of policy making and the way in which policy can be used to maintain and modify norms and standards, determine values and define problems are briefly investigated. These issues are highlighted using the Code of Family and Social Responsibility as an example of the way in which dominant cultural value bases and assumptions have influenced the way in which policy issues are framed and presented. The paper concludes by asking why the consideration of the values of policy makers is important for Maori and how can I, as a Maori policy analyst working within the Government policy making sector, contribute to the development of policy which is based on Maori assumptions, realities, values and world views

The production and diffusion of policy knowledge

"The published works of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) represent the most immediate and tangible measure of the new policy-related knowledge attributable to the institute, its staff, and research partners. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the number, nature, form, and use of IFPRI's published products since 1979 and compares and contrasts that with the publication performance of several similar agencies, including the economics and social sciences programs of the Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) respectively, the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE), the Bangladesh Institute for Development Studies (BIDS), and the now defunct Stanford University Food Research Institute (SFRI). Overall, IFPRI's circulated output is extensive, published not only in a broad portfolio of leading scholarly journals, but also in a wide range of books, technical reports, and extension documents. The amount of published output has tended to increase throughout IFPRI's history, and it continues to do so. Going beyond counting and classifying IFPRI's published record, we report the results of a bibliometric assessment of IFPRI and the comparison institutes for the period 1981–96 using the publication and citation performance details recorded in the Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI) Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index data bases. Citations to published literature are not indicative of an impact on policy or the economy generally but on further research and analysis. An analysis of coauthorship patterns provides an indication of impact too (more directly through the conduct of joint research), as well as indications of the way the research is carried out. Our analysis reveals the role IFPRI plays as a knowledge intermediary between the scholarly community and policy clienteles, but that a high proportion of its research collaborations leading to formal publications (and especially publications in the leading journals covered in ISI's data bases) involve researchers in advanced agencies. This partly reflects the limited capacity to perform food policy research in many developing countries — itself a reflection of local priorities for education and limited, long-term international support to increase scientific capacity in developing countries — and also underscores the role IFPRI could, and arguably should, play in redressing this state of affairs." Authors' AbstractInternational Food Policy Research Institute History ,Research institutes Evaluation ,Communication in learning and scholarship ,Bibliometrics ,Information science Statistical methods ,Knowledge management ,International Food Policy Research Institute Communications systems Evaluation ,Food policy Research ,

Diagnosing performance management and performance budgeting systems: A case study of the U.S. Navy

We present here a case study of an organization within the U.S. Navy that created a new organizational construct and performance management system. We explore the issues faced by naval leaders as they attempt to use their performance information to make resource allocation decisions at the sub-organization level, and base budgets at the organization and service (navy) level. We attempt to diagnose many of the practical problems a government organization encounters when implementing a performance management system, to include trying to inform budgets, and make recommendations on actions that would improve the strength of the performance system. We find in the organization a good conceptual framework, organizational enthusiasm, and reasonable attempts to link disparate information systems into a coherent whole. The good intentions are hindered, however, by inadequate accounting systems, a lack of understanding of cost accounting methods, weak use of terminology and longstanding institutional attitudes. This case confirms challenges associated with both performance management systems and performance budgeting found in the literature, and we offer recommendations for public officials considering such endeavors

Solving the Problem of Poor Quality of University Graduates in Nigeria: A Proposed Holistic Approach

Various schemes have been devised to tackle the problem of poor quality of University graduates in Nigeria. In spite of this, the problem has persisted. This paper essentially links poor quality graduates in Nigeria to the decentralized examination system which governs University degree examinations. Therefore, for detail study, this paper focuses on the linkage between the problem of poor quality graduates and credibility of the decentralized, individualized and autonomous University examination systems. The approach adopted in this paper is predicated on the fact that the subjective nature of University examination systems undermines quality by “shielding” the prospective graduate from facing a universally standardised objective evaluation. The objective of this paper is to devise a scheme towards finding a lasting solution to the problem. To achieve this goal, the paper postulates a thesis called – Joint Graduation, Convocation and Certification Programme (JGCCP) – which would involve universal testing and certification of graduates in Nigeria. It is a standardized framework which will allow for harmonized and universal approach to solving the problem. The objective is based on the fact that examination is the most important instrument used in Nigeria in determining quality of graduates

Women\u27s Social Rights: Untapped Economic Potential

This paper analyzes whether women’s social rights play a role in fostering higher levels of economic development. Prior development initiatives and economic policies failed to account for the productive capacities of women by discriminating against their basic rights to things such as an equitable education, equal inheritance, and marital rights. Applying the CIRI (Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights) dataset for women’s social rights, I found that improvements in these areas of human rights leads to significant increases in real GDP per capita, which highlights the need for development analysts and economists to focus their attention on countries’ most viable productive resource, women