Interpreting the management of information systems security

The management of adverse events within organisations has become a pressing issue as the perceptions of risk continue to heighten. However the basic need for developing secure information systems has remained unfulfilled. This is because the focus has been on the means of delivery of information, i.e. the technology, rather than on the various contextual factors related to information processing. The overall aim of this research is to increase understanding of the issues and concerns in the management of information systems security. The study is conducted by reviewing the analysis, design and management of computer based information in two large organisations - A British national Health Service Hospital Trust and a Borough Council. The research methodology adopts an interpretive mode of inquiry. The management of information systems security is evaluated in terms of the business environment, organisational culture, expectations and obligations of different roles, meanings of different actions and the related patterns of behaviour. Findings from the two case studies show that an inappropriate analysis, design and management of computer based information systems affects the integrity and wholeness of an organisation. As a result, the probability of occurrence of adverse events increases. In such an environment there is a strong likelihood that security measures may either be ignored or are inappropriate to the real needs of an organisation. Therefore what is needed is coherence between the computer based information systems and the business environment in which they are embedded. In conclusion, this study shows that to resolve the problem of managing information systems security, we need to understand the deep seated pragmatic aspects of an organisation. Solutions to the problem of security can be provided by interpreting the behavioural patterns of the people involved

ANALISA WEBSITE PRODI SISTEM INFORMASI UNSIKA BERDASARKAN PRINSIP DAN PARADIGMA INTERAKSI MANUSIA DAN KOMPUTER

The Unsika Information Systems Study Program Website is a place where Unsika Information Systems students can access information about lectures. The purpose of analyzing the Unsika Information Systems Study Program Website is to be able to find out the relationship between system functions based on the principles and paradigm of Human and Computer Interaction (HCI). In the Website interface design analysis, the author uses the heuristic evaluation method with the aspects being evaluated are human, technology, usability, and ergonomisc aspects. The results of the analysis prove that the Unsika Information Systems Study Program Website has fulfilled the aspects of Human and Computer Interaction where the goal of IMK itself is to make it easy for users to manage the system and be able to generate the required feedback

Reclaiming human machine nature

Extending and modifying his domain of life by artifact production is one of the main characteristics of humankind. From the first hominid, who used a wood stick or a stone for extending his upper limbs and augmenting his gesture strength, to current systems engineers who used technologies for augmenting human cognition, perception and action, extending human body capabilities remains a big issue. From more than fifty years cybernetics, computer and cognitive sciences have imposed only one reductionist model of human machine systems: cognitive systems. Inspired by philosophy, behaviorist psychology and the information treatment metaphor, the cognitive system paradigm requires a function view and a functional analysis in human systems design process. According that design approach, human have been reduced to his metaphysical and functional properties in a new dualism. Human body requirements have been left to physical ergonomics or "physiology". With multidisciplinary convergence, the issues of "human-machine" systems and "human artifacts" evolve. The loss of biological and social boundaries between human organisms and interactive and informational physical artifact questions the current engineering methods and ergonomic design of cognitive systems. New developpment of human machine systems for intensive care, human space activities or bio-engineering sytems requires grounding human systems design on a renewed epistemological framework for future human systems model and evidence based "bio-engineering". In that context, reclaiming human factors, augmented human and human machine nature is a necessityComment: Published in HCI International 2014, Heraklion : Greece (2014

A new model for the development of information systems

The most commonly used systems specification and design techniques in commercial computing are described and compared; Information Engineering as proposed by James Martin, A Framework for Information Definition-Muitiview proposed by Wood-Harper et al, Real-world Modeling as described by Jackson, Structured Analysis and Design as In Demarco, Yourdon and Constantine and Output-Oriented Structured Requirement Definition proposed by Orr. In addition, system prototyping is discussed, including the role of prototyping in large software development projects and as a tool for the design of human-computer interfaces. Other areas described and discussed include decision support systems (DSS) and knowledge based management support systems. The context is in the design and development approaches for DSS, prototyping for DSS, expert system for DSS and the integration of DSS and information system. The design and development of human-computer interface is also discussed in relation to user Interface complexity and adaptive interfaces. Further, the important issue of user involvement and support within the development process Is discussed. Thus, weaknesses of current approaches to the system development process are identified and a new model for the development of information system is proposed. In proposing the model, data and functional analysis structured method and methodology for decision support systems (DSS) development is presented including guidelines for the development of knowledge based DSS. The new proposed model is put to test in the design, development and implementation of large integrated commercial systems including DSS. Results and discussion on the use of the model is reported with special consideration to the users' and developers' view of the model. Finally the objectives of this research program are examined in relation to what has been achieved during this program of research. The prospect of using the model for the development of information systems are concluded with references to current and future goals

An Empirical Analysis on the Benefits of Production Information Sysem for Japanese Manufacturing Companies

We empirically analyzed the linkage from computer-based information technologies utilized for production activities to the perceived benefits of production information systems, further to the competitive performance of each manufacturing plant, after presenting our research framework and a series of hypotheses. A database used for the analysis includes forty-six manufacturing plants located in Japan from three industries (machinery, electrical & electronics, and automobile). Information technologies we took up include computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE), computer aided processes planning (CAPP), local area networks (LAN) linking design and engineering stations, computer or direct numerical control (CNC/DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), automated retrieval and storage, material requirement planning (MRP), just-in-time (JIT) software, simulation tools, statistical process control (SPC) software, database for quality information, and electronic data interchange (EDI) linkages among others. The benefits of production information systems were measured in terms of manufacturing cost reduction, decrease in inventories, quality improvement, lead time reduction, increase in flexibility to changing product mix and production volume, new product introduction time reduction and so on. We found that there were several information technologies which did not necessarily show the hypothesized effects, and there were considerable unexpected or secondary effects upon the benefits of production information systems. Furthermore, some important benefits of production information systems, particularly manufacturing cost reduction and increase in flexibility, didn’t lead to the improvement in the corresponding competitive performance indexes

Expert Systems for Integrated Development: A Case Study of Shanxi Province, The People's Republic of China

The research and development project described in this status report is a collaborative project between IIASA and the Tate Science and Technology Commission of the People's Republic of China (SSTCC). The project objective is to build a computer-based information and decision support system, using expert systems technology, for regional development planning in Shanxi, a coal-rich province in northwestern China. Building on IIASA's experience in applied systems analysis, the project develops and implements a new generation of computer-based tools, integrating classical approaches of operations research and applied systems analysis with new developments in computer technology and artificial intelligence (AI) into an integrated hybrid system, designed for direct practical application. To provide the required information, several databases, simulation and optimization models, and decision support tools have been integrated. This information is presented in a form directly useful to planners and decision makers. The system is therefore structured along concepts of expert systems technology, includes several AI components, and features an easy-to-use color graphics user interface. The study is being carried out with intensive collaboration between IIASA, and Chinese academic, industrial, and governmental institutions, especially the regional government of Shanxi Province. The report describes the status of the project after one year of research, summarizing the problem area, the design principles of the software and the current status of prototype implementations

Analisis Sistem Informasi Manajemen Perkuliahan Pada Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Sriwijaya

One of the main tasks of Computer Science Faculty of Sriwijaya University (Fasilkom Unsri) as one of the higher education institution is the academic management. Academic process in Fasilkom Unsri still emphasizes the use of word processing and spreadsheet applications that can result in delays and redundancy on the processing of data for syllabus, units lecture event, teachers' attendance, and class schedules reports. The absence of a specialized system that monitors the lecture materials directly can also result in decision making process by the top-level-management becomes less optimal to improve the quality of higher education in the academic field. Development of Course Management Information Systems is an effort to facilitate the top-level-management (Dean, Assistant Dean) in business management and evaluation of the overall college process that has occurred in order to improve the quality of higher education in the academic field using computer-based systems.This study emphasizes the process of developing course management information systems at Fasilkom Unsri, particularly in systems analysis phase. The methodology used is the Framework for the Application of Systems Thinking (FAST). In this methodology there are some systems analysis processes, namely the scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design and decision analysis.This study produced a proposed system and application architecture of management information systems courses in Fasilkom Unsri

Guidelines for contingency planning NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) ADP security risk reduction decision studies

Guidance is presented to NASA Computer Security Officials for determining the acceptability or unacceptability of ADP security risks based on the technical, operational and economic feasibility of potential safeguards. The risk management process is reviewed as a specialized application of the systems approach to problem solving and information systems analysis and design. Reporting the results of the risk reduction analysis to management is considered. Report formats for the risk reduction study are provided

Multi-Dimensional Model Based Engineering for Performance Critical Computer Systems Using the AADL

International audienceThe Architecture Analysis & Design Language, (AADL), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), AS5506, was developed to support quantitative analysis of the runtime architecture of the embedded software system in computer systems with multiple critical operational properties, such as responsiveness, safety-criticality, security, and reliability by allowing a model of the system to be annotated with information relevant to each of these quality concerns and AADL to be extended with analysis-specific properties. It supports modelling of the embedded software runtime architecture, the computer system hardware, and the interface to the physical environment of embedded computer systems and system of systems. It was designed to support a full Model Based Engineering lifecycle including system specification, analysis, system tuning, integration, and upgrade by supporting modelling and analysis at multiple levels of fidelity. A system can be automatically integrated from AADL models when fully specified and when source code is provided for the software components

Reframing the Role of Computers in Organizations The Transaction Costs Approach

The traditional role of computer-based information systems is to provide support for individual decision making. According to this model, information is to be seen as a valuable resource for the decision maker faced with a complex task. Such a view of information systems in organizations does however fail to include such phenomena as the daily use of information for misrepresentation purposes. The conventional systems analysis methods; whether they be data- or decision-oriented, do not help in understanding the nature of organizations and their ways of processing information. This paper proposes what appears to be a more realistic approach to the analysis and design of information systems. Organizations are seen as networks of contracts which govern exchange transactions between members having only partially overlapping goals. Conflict of interests is explicitly admitted to be a factor affecting information and exchange costs. Information technology is seen as a means to streamline exchange transactions, thus enabling economic organizations to operate more efficiently. Examples are given of MIS, data base and office automation systems, where both the organization and its information system were jointly designed. These examples illustrate the power of the approach, which is based on recent research in the new institutional economics