297 research outputs found

    What skills pay more? The changing demand and return to skills for professional workers

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    Technology is disrupting labor markets. We analyze the demand and reward for skills at occupation and state level across two time periods using job postings. First, we use principal components analysis to derive nine skills groups: ‘collaborative leader’, ‘interpersonal & organized’, ‘big data’, ‘cloud computing’, ‘programming’, ‘machine learning’, ‘research’, ‘math’ and ‘analytical’. Second, we comment on changes in the price and demand for skills over time. Third, we analyze non-linear returns to all skills groups and their interactions. We find that ‘collaborative leader’ skills become significant over time and that legacy data skills are replaced over time by innovative ones

    Behavior quantification as the missing link between fields: Tools for digital psychiatry and their role in the future of neurobiology

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    The great behavioral heterogeneity observed between individuals with the same psychiatric disorder and even within one individual over time complicates both clinical practice and biomedical research. However, modern technologies are an exciting opportunity to improve behavioral characterization. Existing psychiatry methods that are qualitative or unscalable, such as patient surveys or clinical interviews, can now be collected at a greater capacity and analyzed to produce new quantitative measures. Furthermore, recent capabilities for continuous collection of passive sensor streams, such as phone GPS or smartwatch accelerometer, open avenues of novel questioning that were previously entirely unrealistic. Their temporally dense nature enables a cohesive study of real-time neural and behavioral signals. To develop comprehensive neurobiological models of psychiatric disease, it will be critical to first develop strong methods for behavioral quantification. There is huge potential in what can theoretically be captured by current technologies, but this in itself presents a large computational challenge -- one that will necessitate new data processing tools, new machine learning techniques, and ultimately a shift in how interdisciplinary work is conducted. In my thesis, I detail research projects that take different perspectives on digital psychiatry, subsequently tying ideas together with a concluding discussion on the future of the field. I also provide software infrastructure where relevant, with extensive documentation. Major contributions include scientific arguments and proof of concept results for daily free-form audio journals as an underappreciated psychiatry research datatype, as well as novel stability theorems and pilot empirical success for a proposed multi-area recurrent neural network architecture.Comment: PhD thesis cop

    Security Technologies and Methods for Advanced Cyber Threat Intelligence, Detection and Mitigation

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    The rapid growth of the Internet interconnectivity and complexity of communication systems has led us to a significant growth of cyberattacks globally often with severe and disastrous consequences. The swift development of more innovative and effective (cyber)security solutions and approaches are vital which can detect, mitigate and prevent from these serious consequences. Cybersecurity is gaining momentum and is scaling up in very many areas. This book builds on the experience of the Cyber-Trust EU project’s methods, use cases, technology development, testing and validation and extends into a broader science, lead IT industry market and applied research with practical cases. It offers new perspectives on advanced (cyber) security innovation (eco) systems covering key different perspectives. The book provides insights on new security technologies and methods for advanced cyber threat intelligence, detection and mitigation. We cover topics such as cyber-security and AI, cyber-threat intelligence, digital forensics, moving target defense, intrusion detection systems, post-quantum security, privacy and data protection, security visualization, smart contracts security, software security, blockchain, security architectures, system and data integrity, trust management systems, distributed systems security, dynamic risk management, privacy and ethics

    Accessibility of Health Data Representations for Older Adults: Challenges and Opportunities for Design

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    Health data of consumer off-the-shelf wearable devices is often conveyed to users through visual data representations and analyses. However, this is not always accessible to people with disabilities or older people due to low vision, cognitive impairments or literacy issues. Due to trade-offs between aesthetics predominance or information overload, real-time user feedback may not be conveyed easily from sensor devices through visual cues like graphs and texts. These difficulties may hinder critical data understanding. Additional auditory and tactile feedback can also provide immediate and accessible cues from these wearable devices, but it is necessary to understand existing data representation limitations initially. To avoid higher cognitive and visual overload, auditory and haptic cues can be designed to complement, replace or reinforce visual cues. In this paper, we outline the challenges in existing data representation and the necessary evidence to enhance the accessibility of health information from personal sensing devices used to monitor health parameters such as blood pressure, sleep, activity, heart rate and more. By creating innovative and inclusive user feedback, users will likely want to engage and interact with new devices and their own data

    2023-2024 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog

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    This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State

    LASSO – an observatorium for the dynamic selection, analysis and comparison of software

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    Mining software repositories at the scale of 'big code' (i.e., big data) is a challenging activity. As well as finding a suitable software corpus and making it programmatically accessible through an index or database, researchers and practitioners have to establish an efficient analysis infrastructure and precisely define the metrics and data extraction approaches to be applied. Moreover, for analysis results to be generalisable, these tasks have to be applied at a large enough scale to have statistical significance, and if they are to be repeatable, the artefacts need to be carefully maintained and curated over time. Today, however, a lot of this work is still performed by human beings on a case-by-case basis, with the level of effort involved often having a significant negative impact on the generalisability and repeatability of studies, and thus on their overall scientific value. The general purpose, 'code mining' repositories and infrastructures that have emerged in recent years represent a significant step forward because they automate many software mining tasks at an ultra-large scale and allow researchers and practitioners to focus on defining the questions they would like to explore at an abstract level. However, they are currently limited to static analysis and data extraction techniques, and thus cannot support (i.e., help automate) any studies which involve the execution of software systems. This includes experimental validations of techniques and tools that hypothesise about the behaviour (i.e., semantics) of software, or data analysis and extraction techniques that aim to measure dynamic properties of software. In this thesis a platform called LASSO (Large-Scale Software Observatorium) is introduced that overcomes this limitation by automating the collection of dynamic (i.e., execution-based) information about software alongside static information. It features a single, ultra-large scale corpus of executable software systems created by amalgamating existing Open Source software repositories and a dedicated DSL for defining abstract selection and analysis pipelines. Its key innovations are integrated capabilities for searching for selecting software systems based on their exhibited behaviour and an 'arena' that allows their responses to software tests to be compared in a purely data-driven way. We call the platform a 'software observatorium' since it is a place where the behaviour of large numbers of software systems can be observed, analysed and compared

    Challenges and perspectives of hate speech research

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    This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria, and India, theoretical introductions to the concepts of hate speech, dangerous speech, incivility, toxicity, extreme speech, and dark participation, as well as reflections on methodological challenges such as scraping, annotation, datafication, implicity, explainability, and machine learning. As such, it provides a much-needed forum for cross-national and cross-disciplinary conversations in what is currently a very vibrant field of research

    Design with the living : learning to work together

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    Orientador: Prof. Dr. Adriano HeemannCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Aguinaldo dos SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design. Defesa : Curitiba, 26/05/2023Inclui referênciasResumo: A prática do biodesign parece estar se consolidando por meio de redes, concursos, exposições, e educação formal. Este estudo se baseia na definição de biodesign de Dade-Robertson, que compreende o design e a pesquisa em design que trabalhem com sistemas vivos como parte da sua produção e funcionamento. Assim, ainda numa perspectiva antropocêntrica de pesquisa, surgem novas possibilidades com as capacidades e características de várias espécies e as novas formas de construir e fazer. No entanto, vários desafios práticos e teóricos ainda limitam a difusão do biodesign. Uma lacuna parece ser a estruturação de um artefato de facilitação para o ensino e aprendizagem do processo de biodesign. A fim de contribuir para a mitigação desta lacuna, o presente trabalho procurou desenvolver e avaliar um framework para facilitar o ensino e a aprendizagem do processo de biodesign no ensino de graduação, considerando um contexto com poucos recursos, como a falta de um espaço para experimentação e um laboratório. A estratégia metodológica utilizada é a Design Science Research (DSR) conforme Dresch, Lacerda, e Antunes Jr. (2015). Esta estratégia foi adaptada às etapas: 1. Problema e Contexto; 2. Artefatos Relacionados; 3. Desenvolvimento; 4. Avaliação; e 5. Conclusão. O framework baseou-se na revisão da literatura, que inspirou 59 insights, que embasaram 17 requisitos que, por sua vez, foram estruturados em 21 objetivos de aprendizagem em acordo com a taxonomia de Bloom. O framework considera dois espaços de contexto: a sala de aula e as casas do(a)s estudantes. Ele é composto por 6 elementos principais: 1. Conceitos, 2. Repertório, 3. Metodologia de Projeto; 4. Prática; 5. Reflexões; e 6. Gestão. Exemplos das materialidades e atividades do framework são um diário de projetos e tinkering. Para além do framework, foram desenvolvidos artefatos de apoio: quatro modelos didáticos do processo de biodesign baseados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com designers experientes - design em colaboração com (1) cogumelos, com (2) árvores, com (3) gramíneas, e com (4) bactérias. Os modelos basearam-se numa adaptação do Método Mosaico de Kim e Lee (2015), da Estrutura de Duplo Diamante do Design Council, e do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos de Rozenfeld et al. (2006). A instanciação ocorreu na disciplina obrigatória Materiais e Processos III do curso de graduação de Design de Produto da Universidade Federal do Paraná. O framework foi avaliado por meio de observação aberta e da rubrica de avaliação do framework pela professora da disciplina e pelo(a)s estudantes. A triangulação e a correspondência de padrões com os objetivos de aprendizagem sugerem que 14 deles foram cumpridos, enquanto os outros 7 foram parcialmente atendidos. Ao longo do processo, o(a)s estudantes parecem ter desenvolvido novas sensibilidades em design, relacionadas com a empatia e as negociações com o outro organismo vivo com o qual trabalharam. Foi feita uma imersão no cluster de excelência "Matters of Activity. Image, Space, Material" para a discussão dos resultados. O framework deve ser testado em outros contextos. Como trabalho futuro, poderá ser desenvolvida uma versão modular para abrir as heurísticas de contingência a contextos mais amplos e diferentes tempos de aplicação.Abstract: The biodesign practice seems to consolidate through organized networks, contests, exhibitions, and formal education. This study relies on Dade-Robertson's definition of biodesign, which comprises the design and design research that work with living systems as part of their production and operation. Thus, still on an anthropocentric research perspective, new possibilities arise with the abilities and characteristics of various species and new ways of building and making. However, several practical and theoretical challenges still set back the diffusion of biodesign. One gap seems to be the structuring of a facilitation artifact for teaching and learning the biodesign process. In order to contribute to mitigate this gap, the present work aimed to develop and evaluate a framework to facilitate the teaching and learning of the biodesign process in undergraduate education, considering a context with few resources, like the lack of proper space for experimentation and a lab. The methodological strategy used is Design Science Research (DSR) following Dresch, Lacerda, and Antunes Jr. (2015). It was adapted into the steps: 1. Problem and Context; 2. Related Artifacts; 3. Development; 4. Evaluation; and 5. Conclusion. The framework drew on the literature review, which inspired 59 insights. The insights grounded 17 framework requirements, which in turn, rendered 21 learning objectives developed according to Bloom's taxonomy. The framework considers two context-spaces: the classroom and the student's homes. It consists of 6 main elements: 1. Concepts, 2. Repertoire, 3. Project Methodology; 4. Practice; 5. Reflections; and 6. Management. Examples of materialities and activities in the framework are a project journal and tinkering. Besides the framework, other support artifacts were developed in the research process: four didactic models of the biodesign process based on semi-structured interviews with experienced designers - design in collaboration with (1) mushrooms, (2) trees, (3) grass, and (4) bacteria. The models drew on an adaptation of Kim and Lee's (2015) Mosaic Method, the Design Council's Double Diamond Framework, and the Product Development Process from Rozenfeld et al. (2006). The instantiation occurred in the mandatory course Materials and Processes III of the Product Design undergraduate program of the Federal University of Paraná. The framework was evaluated through overt observation and through the framework's evaluation rubric by the course professor and by the students. Triangulation and pattern-matching to the learning objectives suggested that 14 learning objectives were met, while the other 7 were partially met. Throughout the process, students seem to have developed "new designerly sensibilities", related to empathy and negotiations with the other organism they worked with. An immersion was made at the Cluster of Excellence "Matters of Activity. Image, Space, Material" to discuss the results. The framework must be further tested in other contexts. For future work, a modular version of the framework might be developed to open its contingency heuristics to broader contexts and different application times

    Exploring a strategy for managing on-farm surplus nutrients: aiming for mutual benefits to dairy farmers and the environment

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    In this thesis, the problem of surplus nutrients from dairy farming and food waste was investigated and the potential of an enterprise based around using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to process dairy manure and food waste was considered as a means of mitigating part of this problem whilst promoting additional environmental improvements and benefiting other stakeholders, particularly dairy farmers. A transdisciplinary approach with a pragmatic action research methodology was employed due to the wicked nature of this problem. This approach provided the flexibility to follow up insights and explore the problem and potential innovation in depth and width

    Geographic information extraction from texts

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    A large volume of unstructured texts, containing valuable geographic information, is available online. This information – provided implicitly or explicitly – is useful not only for scientific studies (e.g., spatial humanities) but also for many practical applications (e.g., geographic information retrieval). Although large progress has been achieved in geographic information extraction from texts, there are still unsolved challenges and issues, ranging from methods, systems, and data, to applications and privacy. Therefore, this workshop will provide a timely opportunity to discuss the recent advances, new ideas, and concepts but also identify research gaps in geographic information extraction
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