Pixel level data-dependent triangulation with its applications

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Energy efficient hybrid computing systems using spin devices

Emerging spin-devices like magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ\u27s), spin-valves and domain wall magnets (DWM) have opened new avenues for spin-based logic design. This work explored potential computing applications which can exploit such devices for higher energy-efficiency and performance. The proposed applications involve hybrid design schemes, where charge-based devices supplement the spin-devices, to gain large benefits at the system level. As an example, lateral spin valves (LSV) involve switching of nanomagnets using spin-polarized current injection through a metallic channel such as Cu. Such spin-torque based devices possess several interesting properties that can be exploited for ultra-low power computation. Analog characteristic of spin current facilitate non-Boolean computation like majority evaluation that can be used to model a neuron. The magneto-metallic neurons can operate at ultra-low terminal voltage of ∼20mV, thereby resulting in small computation power. Moreover, since nano-magnets inherently act as memory elements, these devices can facilitate integration of logic and memory in interesting ways. The spin based neurons can be integrated with CMOS and other emerging devices leading to different classes of neuromorphic/non-Von-Neumann architectures. The spin-based designs involve `mixed-mode\u27 processing and hence can provide very compact and ultra-low energy solutions for complex computation blocks, both digital as well as analog. Such low-power, hybrid designs can be suitable for various data processing applications like cognitive computing, associative memory, and currentmode on-chip global interconnects. Simulation results for these applications based on device-circuit co-simulation framework predict more than ∼100x improvement in computation energy as compared to state of the art CMOS design, for optimal spin-device parameters

Semantic definition of a subset of the structured query language (SQL)

Journal ArticleSQL is a relational database definition and manipulation language. Portions of the manipulation language are readily described in terms of relational algebra. The semantics of a subset of the SQL select statement is described. The select statement allows the user to query the database. The select statement is shown to be equivalent to a series of relational and set operations. The semantics are described in terms of abstract data types for relation schemes, tuples, and relations. Certain forms of the union or intersection of two select statements are shown to have equivalent single select statement forms

Let wildlife live: A Computer illustrated calendar of endangered species

None provided

Modeling, design and optimization of computer-generated holograms with binary phases

L’hologramme généré par ordinateur (HGO) a été démontré à jouer un rôle important depuis son invention par Lohmann dans les années 1960 dans de nombreuses applications telles que l’ingénierie du front d'onde, l’éclairage structuré et l’affichage optique, etc. Dans le travail de thèse ci-présent, la modélisation, la conception et l’optimisation d’HGO avec des phases binaires sont étudiées. Nous avons examiné un système pratique de projection d’image avec certaines spécifications de travail, par exemple, une distance de travail de 40 cm, une profondeur de champ de 10 cm et un angle de diffraction de 53 degré pour une longueur d’onde de travail de 632 nm, et ensuite conçu et optimisé un hologramme de phase binaire en passant par une recherche directe binaire pour ce système d’image. L’hologramme a été fabriqué par la lithographie à faisceau d’électrons. Pour atteindre l’angle de diffraction requis, nous avons discuté de l’architecture optique dans le système de projection d’image holographique. L’HGO conçu et le système de projection d’image holographique ont été validés expérimentalement par reconstruction optique. Étant donné que les pixels finiront par se regrouper pour former des ouvertures polygonales en hologramme, qui peut être vu clairement dans le processus de recherche directe binaire, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la conception directe des ouvertures polygonales basée sur la disposition triangulaire en HGO de grande taille en pixels. La diffraction de l’ouverture a été calculée par la transformation analytique d’Abbe. L’image reconstruite peut être exprimée comme une addition cohérente de motifs de diffraction à partir de tous les bords droits d’orientations et de longueurs différentes. Une optimisation en deux étapes comprenant l’algorithme génétique avec la recherche locale de codage des phases binaires des ouvertures, suivie par la recherche directe de co-sommets flottants des ouvertures triangulaires élémentaires a été développée. Nous avons en outre proposé une disposition d’ouverture quadrilatérale, qui fournit plus de degrés de liberté et peut former des ouvertures polygonales plus diverses en hologrammes. L’algorithme génétique parallèle avec la recherche locale a été adopté dans une première étape pour assigner des phases binaires, et la recherche directe a ensuite été utilisée pour optimiser des emplacements de co-sommets d'ouvertures quadrilatérales lors de la deuxième étape. Trois schémas différents pour l'algorithme en deux étapes ont été discutés pour fournir des moyens flexibles afin d’équilibrer la performance de l’optimisation et la durée nécessaire.The computer-generated hologram (CGH) has been demonstrated to play an important role, since its invention by Lohmann in 1960s, in many applications such as wavefront engineering, structured illumination and optical display, etc. In this thesis, the modeling, design and optimization of CGH with binary phases are studied. We considered a practical projection image system with certain working specification, e.g. working distance of 40 cm, depth of field of 10 cm and a diffraction angle of 53 degree for 632 nm working wavelength, and then designed and optimized a binary-phase hologram by direct binary search for this image system. The hologram was fabricated by E-beam lithography. To achieve the required diffraction angle, we discussed the optical architecture in holographic projection image system. The designed CGH and holographic projection image system were validated experimentally by optical reconstruction. Since the pixels will eventually cluster to form polygonal apertures in hologram, which can be seen clearly during the process of direct binary search, we proposed a new approach to directly design polygonal apertures based on triangular layout in CGH of a large number of pixels. The diffraction of aperture was calculated by analytical Abbe transform. The reconstructed image can be expressed as a coherent addition of diffraction patterns from all the straight edges of different orientations and lengths. A two-step optimization including genetic algorithm with local search for encoding binary phases of apertures, followed by direct search for floating covertices of the elementary triangular apertures was developed. We further proposed a quadrilateral aperture layout, which provides more degrees of freedom and can form more diverse polygonal apertures in holograms. The parallel genetic algorithm with local search was adopted to assign binary phases in the first step, and direct search was then used to optimize of locations of covertices of quadrilateral apertures in the second step. Three different schemes for the two-step algorithm were discussed to provide flexible ways to balance the optimization performance and time cost.Résumé en espagno

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЙ числовым программным ДЛЯ MIMD-компьютер

For most scientific and engineering problems simulated on computers the solving of problems of the computational mathematics with approximately given initial data constitutes an intermediate or a final stage. Basic problems of the computational mathematics include the investigating and solving of linear algebraic systems, evaluating of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, the solving of systems of non-linear equations, numerical integration of initial- value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations.Для більшості наукових та інженерних задач моделювання на ЕОМ рішення задач обчислювальної математики з наближено заданими вихідними даними складає проміжний або остаточний етап. Основні проблеми обчислювальної математики відносяться дослідження і рішення лінійних алгебраїчних систем оцінки власних значень і власних векторів матриць, рішення систем нелінійних рівнянь, чисельного інтегрування початково задач для систем звичайних диференціальних рівнянь.Для большинства научных и инженерных задач моделирования на ЭВМ решение задач вычислительной математики с приближенно заданным исходным данным составляет промежуточный или окончательный этап. Основные проблемы вычислительной математики относятся исследования и решения линейных алгебраических систем оценки собственных значений и собственных векторов матриц, решение систем нелинейных уравнений, численного интегрирования начально задач для систем обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений