474 research outputs found
Rejection in Łukasiewicz's and Słupecki's Sense
The idea of rejection originated by Aristotle. The notion of rejection
was introduced into formal logic by Łukasiewicz [20]. He applied it to
complete syntactic characterization of deductive systems using an axiomatic
method of rejection of propositions [22, 23]. The paper gives not only genesis,
but also development and generalization of the notion of rejection. It also
emphasizes the methodological approach to biaspectual axiomatic method of
characterization of deductive systems as acceptance (asserted) systems and
rejection (refutation) systems, introduced by Łukasiewicz and developed by
his student Słupecki, the pioneers of the method, which becomes relevant in
modern approaches to logic
Cognitive context and arguments from ontologies for learning
The deployment of learning resources on the web by different experts has resulted in the accessibility of multiple viewpoints about the same topics. In
this work we assume that learning resources are underpinned by ontologies. Different formalizations of domains may result from different contexts, different use of
terminology, incomplete knowledge or conflicting knowledge. We define the notion of cognitive learning context which describes the cognitive context of an agent who refers to multiple and possibly inconsistent ontologies to determine the truth of a proposition. In particular we describe the cognitive states of ambiguity and inconsistency
resulting from incomplete and conflicting ontologies respectively. Conflicts between ontologies can be identified through the derivation of conflicting arguments
about a particular point of view. Arguments can be used to detect inconsistencies between ontologies. They can also be used in a dialogue between a human learner and a software tutor in order to enable the learner to justify her views and detect inconsistencies between her beliefs and the tutor’s own. Two types of arguments are discussed, namely: arguments inferred directly from taxonomic relations
between concepts, and arguments about the necessary an
Ancient Logic and its Modern Interpretations: Proceedings of the Buffalo Symposium on Modernist Interpretations of Ancient Logic, 21 and 22 April, 1972
Articles by Ian Mueller, Ronald Zirin, Norman Kretzmann, John Corcoran, John Mulhern, Mary Mulhern,Josiah Gould, and others.
Topics: Aristotle's Syllogistic, Stoic Logic, Modern Research in Ancient Logic
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