Pemberian Pakan Yang Difermentasikan Dengan Probiotik Untuk Pemeliharaan Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus) Pada Teknologi Bioflok Feed Fermented Using Probiotic for African Catfish in Biofloc Technology

This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding fermented with probiotic on, absolute body weight, absolute body length, specific growth rate, survival, feed efficiency and feed conversion rate of African catfish preserved biofloc techniques. The treatment in this study was the dose used for the fermentation of feed are 2 ml / kg (P1), 4 ml / kg (P2), 6 ml / kg (P3), and control (feed without fermented). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. 4-5 cm catfish were kept in the plastic tank with stocking density of 500 fish/m3 for 56 days. The fish are fed three times a day at satiation. The results showed fermented feed with probiotic on biofloc system affect absolute body weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and feed conversion rate of african catfish significantly, but did not affect survival rate. The best treatment was obtained from P3 which gives absolute body weight of 110.09 grams, absolute body length of 15.51 cm, specific growth rate of 8.03%, 92.62% survival rate, feed efficiency 117.22%, as well as feed conversion of 0.85

Modeling Big Medical Survival Data Using Decision Tree Analysis with Apache Spark

In many medical studies, an outcome of interest is not only whether an event occurred, but when an event occurred; and an example of this is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) who are likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly important for AD treatment. Previous studies suggest that not all MCI patients will convert to AD. Massive amounts of data from longitudinal and extensive studies on thousands of Alzheimer’s patients have been generated. Building a computational model that can predict conversion form MCI to AD can be highly beneficial for early intervention and treatment planning for AD. This work presents a big data model that contains machine-learning techniques to determine the level of AD in a participant and predict the time of conversion to AD. The proposed framework considers one of the widely used screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment called Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA data set was collected from different centers and integrated into our large data framework storage using a Hadoop Data File System (HDFS); the data was then analyzed using an Apache Spark framework. The accuracy of the proposed framework was compared with a semi-parametric Cox survival analysis model

From Non-Paying to Premium: Predicting User Conversion in Video Games with Ensemble Learning

Retaining premium players is key to the success of free-to-play games, but most of them do not start purchasing right after joining the game. By exploiting the exceptionally rich datasets recorded by modern video games--which provide information on the individual behavior of each and every player--survival analysis techniques can be used to predict what players are more likely to become paying (or even premium) users and when, both in terms of time and game level, the conversion will take place. Here we show that a traditional semi-parametric model (Cox regression), a random survival forest (RSF) technique and a method based on conditional inference survival ensembles all yield very promising results. However, the last approach has the advantage of being able to correct the inherent bias in RSF models by dividing the procedure into two steps: first selecting the best predictor to perform the splitting and then the best split point for that covariate. The proposed conditional inference survival ensembles method could be readily used in operational environments for early identification of premium players and the parts of the game that may prompt them to become paying users. Such knowledge would allow developers to induce their conversion and, more generally, to better understand the needs of their players and provide them with a personalized experience, thereby increasing their engagement and paving the way to higher monetization.Comment: social games, conversion prediction, ensemble methods, survival analysis, online games, user behavio

A probabilistic multi-touch attribution model for online advertising

It is an important problem in computational advertising to study the effects of different advertising channels upon user conversions, as advertisers can use the discoveries to plan or optimize advertising campaigns. In this paper, we propose a novel Probabilistic Multi-Touch Attribution (PMTA) model which takes into account not only which ads have been viewed or clicked by the user but also when each such interaction occurred. Borrowing the techniques from survival analysis, we use the Weibull distribution to describe the observed conversion delay and use the hazard rate of conversion to measure the influence of an ad exposure. It has been shown by extensive experiments on a large real-world dataset that our proposed model is superior to state-of-the-art methods in both conversion prediction and attribution analysis. Furthermore, a surprising research finding obtained from this dataset is that search ads are often not the root cause of final conversions but just the consequence of previously viewed ads

Microbial Conversion of Biomass: a Review of Microbial Fuel Cells

The cleaner generation of energy is a vital concept if we are to ensure the survival of our current lifestyle past the depletion of the Earth’s fossil fuel supply. The study described in this chapter investigates the alternative energy producing method of microbial conversion of biomass to produce electrical energy. Currently techniques are being explored to minimise the cost of building and running cells in which microbial conversion takes place. There are several areas where improvements may be made including the physical design of the cell, the catalyst used in the cathode chamber, the membrane material and the ideal lowcost substrate. The study presented in this chapter provides a review of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), and discusses the design and construction of MFCs and presents the results of tests carried out with a number of constructed cells

Biliary tract complications in human orthotopic liver transplantation

The results of 393 consecutive orthotopic liver transplants in 313 patients were reviewed to determine the incidence of primary biliary tract complications. There were 52 biliary tract complications in 393 grafts (13.2%), and 5 directly related deaths. Choledochojejunostomy over an internal stent to a Roux-en-Y limb of proximal jejunum (RYCJ-S) was the most frequently used technique (175 cases) and the most successful with only 9 technical failures (5.2%). Choledochocholedochostomy over a T tube (CC-T) was used in 159 cases and was successful in all but 20 cases (12.6%). Other methods of reconstruction were associated with high failure rates or technical complexity that do not justify their use. Biliary leak and obstruction were the most common complications. Leakage after CC-T at the T tube exit site was usually directly repaired, but anastomotic leakage required conversion to RYCJ-S. Obstruction may be relieved by percutaneous balloon dilatation but definitive treatment also usually required conversion to RYCJ-S. The most common complication after RYCJ-S is functional obstruction by a retained stent, which has a low morbidity but may necessitate surgical removal. Anastomotic leaks, which occurred in 2 cases, were successfully managed by revision of the choledochojejunostomy. © Williams & Wilkins 1987. All Rights Reserved

Surgical complications in human orthotopic liver transplantation.

Between March 1, 1980 and December 31, 1984, 393 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed in 313 consecutive recipients. Technical complications were responsible for a substantial morbidity (41/393 allograft loss--10.4%) and mortality (26/313 patient loss--8.3%). Failure of the biliary tract reconstruction, mainly expressed as leakage and obstruction, is the most frequent complication of OLT (52/393 grafts--13.2%). Biliary tract complication (BTC) was directly responsible for 5 deaths (9.6%). Reliance upon standardized methods of direct duct-to duct repair with T-tube (CC-T) and Roux-Y choledocho-jejunostomy (RYCH-J), appropriate postoperative investigation and treatment will reduce morbidity and mortality of BTC. A complicated CC-T will be conversed to a RYCH-J; a complicated RYCH-J needs surgical correction. Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) has become the "Achilles heel" of OLT. HAT is expressed by three different patterns: fulminant hepatic necrosis, delayed bile leakage and relapsing bacteremia. Diagnosed in 27 grafts (6.8%), HAT was responsible for 16 deaths (16/25 pat: 64%). The only chance to rescue patients presenting HAT is an early diagnosis and prompt retransplantation before occurrence of septic complications. Aneurysm of the hepatic arterial supply (4/393 grafts--1%) also needs aggressive surgery because of the high rate of fatal rupture (3/4 pat--75%). The incidence of thrombosis of the reconstructed portal vein (PVT) was only 2.2% (7 pat.), three inferior vena caval thromboses (0.9%) (CVT) were diagnosed after OLT. Four of the 7 patients whose portal veins clotted are alive. Three have their original graft. One patient, presenting both PVT and CVT, was rescued by prompt retransplantation. PVT was responsible for 3 patient (3/7 pat--42.8%) and 4 graft losses (4/7 pat--57%). The rate of graft (3/3) and patient loss (2/3) was even higher after CVT