Pay as You Go: A Generic Crypto Tolling Architecture

The imminent pervasive adoption of vehicular communication, based on dedicated short-range technology (ETSI ITS G5 or IEEE WAVE), 5G, or both, will foster a richer service ecosystem for vehicular applications. The appearance of new cryptography based solutions envisaging digital identity and currency exchange are set to stem new approaches for existing and future challenges. This paper presents a novel tolling architecture that harnesses the availability of 5G C-V2X connectivity for open road tolling using smartphones, IOTA as the digital currency and Hyperledger Indy for identity validation. An experimental feasibility analysis is used to validate the proposed architecture for secure, private and convenient electronic toll payment

A comprehensive survey of V2X cybersecurity mechanisms and future research paths

Recent advancements in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication have notably improved existing transport systems by enabling increased connectivity and driving autonomy levels. The remarkable benefits of V2X connectivity come inadvertently with challenges which involve security vulnerabilities and breaches. Addressing security concerns is essential for seamless and safe operation of mission-critical V2X use cases. This paper surveys current literature on V2X security and provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the most relevant security enhancements to date. An in-depth classification of V2X attacks is first performed according to key security and privacy requirements. Our methodology resumes with a taxonomy of security mechanisms based on their proactive/reactive defensive approach, which helps identify strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art countermeasures for V2X attacks. In addition, this paper delves into the potential of emerging security approaches leveraging artificial intelligence tools to meet security objectives. Promising data-driven solutions tailored to tackle security, privacy and trust issues are thoroughly discussed along with new threat vectors introduced inevitably by these enablers. The lessons learned from the detailed review of existing works are also compiled and highlighted. We conclude this survey with a structured synthesis of open challenges and future research directions to foster contributions in this prominent field.This work is supported by the H2020-INSPIRE-5Gplus project (under Grant agreement No. 871808), the ”Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformacion Digital” and the European Union-NextGenerationEU in the frameworks of the ”Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia” and of the ”Mecanismo de Recuperación y Resiliencia” under references TSI-063000-2021-39/40/41, and the CHIST-ERA-17-BDSI-003 FIREMAN project funded by the Spanish National Foundation (Grant PCI2019-103780).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Ultra reliable 5G mmWAve communications for V2X scénarios

The Automotive Vehicle to Everything (V2X)technology is one of the most important innovations that theworld will see in the years to come. This paradigm will supportmany advanced services such as object detection and recognition,risk identification and avoidance, car platooning. These serviceswill require several keys among them, the high data transmissionrates of the order of gigabits per driving hour, and highreliability, and high speed for transition of data, which may beavailable through the capabilities of the new architecture for thenext generation of wireless communications 5G and the widebandwidth of the millimeter wave (mm Wave) which is deemed tobe a real solution for the V2X requirements. However, thechallenges related to the reliability/latency and security of theV2X system and nature of mm wave communication requireseveral solutions either for natural challenges such as High pathloss propagation, penetrating disability or for the technicalchallenges. This paper provides an overview of the V2Xcommunication technology investigates the V2X challengesincluding the mm wave and and finally presents some efficientsolutions

An overview of millimeter waves challenges in 5G vehicle-to-everything networks

International audienceThe Automotive Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology is one of the most important innovations that the world will see in the years to come. This paradigm will support many advanced services such as object detection and recognition, risk identification and avoidance, car platooning. These services will require several keys among them, the high data transmission rates of the order of gigabits per driving hour, and high reliability, and high speed for transition of data, which may be available through the capabilities of the new architecture for the next generation of wireless communications 5G and the wide bandwidth of the millimeter wave (mm Wave) which is deemed to be a real solution for the V2X requirements. However, the challenges related to the reliability/latency and security of the V2X system and nature of mm wave communication require several solutions either for natural challenges such as High path loss propagation, penetrating disability or for the technical challenges. This paper provides an overview of the V2X communication technology investigates the V2X challenges including the mm wave and and finally presents some efficient solutions

Automotive Communication Security Methods and Recommendations for Securing In-vehicle and V2X Communications

Today’s vehicles contain approximately more than 100 interconnected computers (ECUs), several of which will be connected to the Internet or external devices and networks around the vehicle. In the near future vehicles will extensively communicate with their environment via Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), together called V2X communications. Such level of connectivity enables car manufacturers to implement new entertainment systems and to provide safety features to decrease the number of road accidents. Moreover, authorities can deploy the traffic information provided by vehicular communications to improve the traffic management. Despite the great benefits that comes with vehicular communications, there are also risks associated with exposing a safety-critical integrated system to external networks. It has already been proved that vehicles can be remotely hacked and the safety critical functions such as braking system and steering wheel can be compromised to endanger the safety of passengers. This putshigh demands on IT security and car manufacturers to secure vehicular communications. This thesis proposes methods and recommendations for improving the security of internal and external vehicular communications.The main contributions of this thesis are contained in six included papers, and cover the following research areas of automotive security: (i) secure network architecture design, (ii) attack protection, (iii) attack detection, and (iv) V2X security. The first two papers in the collection are on the topic of secure network architecture design and propose an automated approach for grouping in-vehicle ECUs into security domains which facilitate the implementation of security measures in in-vehicle networks. The third paper is on the topic of attack protection and evaluates the applicability of existing Controller Area Network (CAN) bus authentication solutions to a vehicular context. In particular, this paper identifies five critical requirements for an authentication solution to be used in such a context. The fourth paper deals with the issue of attack detection in in-vehicle networks and proposes a specification agnostic method for detecting intrusion in vehicles. The fifth paper identifies weaknesses or deficiencies in the design of the ETSI V2X security standard and proposes changes to fix the identified weaknesses or deficiencies. The last paper investigates the security implications of adopting 5G New Radio (NR) for V2X communications

Wireless communication, sensing, and REM: A security perspective

The diverse requirements of next-generation communication systems necessitate awareness, flexibility, and intelligence as essential building blocks of future wireless networks. The awareness can be obtained from the radio signals in the environment using wireless sensing and radio environment mapping (REM) methods. This is, however, accompanied by threats such as eavesdropping, manipulation, and disruption posed by malicious attackers. To this end, this work analyzes the wireless sensing and radio environment awareness mechanisms, highlighting their vulnerabilities and provides solutions for mitigating them. As an example, the different threats to REM and its consequences in a vehicular communication scenario are described. Furthermore, the use of REM for securing communications is discussed and future directions regarding sensing/REM security are highlighted