88,514 research outputs found
A Survey of Methods for Addressing Class Imbalance in Deep-Learning Based Natural Language Processing
Many natural language processing (NLP) tasks are naturally imbalanced, as
some target categories occur much more frequently than others in the real
world. In such scenarios, current NLP models still tend to perform poorly on
less frequent classes. Addressing class imbalance in NLP is an active research
topic, yet, finding a good approach for a particular task and imbalance
scenario is difficult.
With this survey, the first overview on class imbalance in deep-learning
based NLP, we provide guidance for NLP researchers and practitioners dealing
with imbalanced data. We first discuss various types of controlled and
real-world class imbalance. Our survey then covers approaches that have been
explicitly proposed for class-imbalanced NLP tasks or, originating in the
computer vision community, have been evaluated on them. We organize the methods
by whether they are based on sampling, data augmentation, choice of loss
function, staged learning, or model design. Finally, we discuss open problems
such as dealing with multi-label scenarios, and propose systematic benchmarking
and reporting in order to move forward on this problem as a community
Machine Learning and Integrative Analysis of Biomedical Big Data.
Recent developments in high-throughput technologies have accelerated the accumulation of massive amounts of omics data from multiple sources: genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, etc. Traditionally, data from each source (e.g., genome) is analyzed in isolation using statistical and machine learning (ML) methods. Integrative analysis of multi-omics and clinical data is key to new biomedical discoveries and advancements in precision medicine. However, data integration poses new computational challenges as well as exacerbates the ones associated with single-omics studies. Specialized computational approaches are required to effectively and efficiently perform integrative analysis of biomedical data acquired from diverse modalities. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art ML-based approaches for tackling five specific computational challenges associated with integrative analysis: curse of dimensionality, data heterogeneity, missing data, class imbalance and scalability issues
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