200 research outputs found
Radio Weak Gravitational Lensing with VLA and MERLIN
We carry out an exploratory weak gravitational lensing analysis on a combined
VLA and MERLIN radio data set: a deep (3.3 micro-Jy beam^-1 rms noise) 1.4 GHz
image of the Hubble Deep Field North. We measure the shear estimator
distribution at this radio sensitivity for the first time, finding a similar
distribution to that of optical shear estimators for HST ACS data in this
field. We examine the residual systematics in shear estimation for the radio
data, and give cosmological constraints from radio-optical shear
cross-correlation functions. We emphasize the utility of cross-correlating
shear estimators from radio and optical data in order to reduce the impact of
systematics. Unexpectedly we find no evidence of correlation between optical
and radio intrinsic ellipticities of matched objects; this result improves the
properties of optical-radio lensing cross-correlations. We explore the
ellipticity distribution of the radio counterparts to optical sources
statistically, confirming the lack of correlation; as a result we suggest a
connected statistical approach to radio shear measurements.Comment: 16 pages with 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS; Minor
corrections to section 6.3; 2 references adde
Complete characterization of sink-strengths for 1D to 3D mobilities of defect clusters.II. Bridging between limiting cases with effective sink-strengths calculations
In a companion paper, we proposed new analytical expressions of cluster
sink-strengths (CSS) indispensable to any complete parameterization of rate
equations cluster dynamics accounting for reaction between defect clusters
populations having a 1D-mobility. In this second paper, we first establish
simulation setup rules for truly converged estimates of effective CSS by
Kinetic Monte-Carlo, and then we grid on a wide set of radii, rotation
energies, diffusion coefficients and concentrations of both reaction partners.
Symmetric roles of some parameters are used to infer a generic form for a
semi-analytical expression of CSS depending on all these interaction
parameters: it is composed of the various analytical limiting cases established
and fitted transition functions that allow a gradual switching between them.
The analysis of the residuals shows that the overall agreement is reasonably
good: it is only in the transition zones that discrepancies are located and
this is due to the asymmetry of the actual transition functions. The expression
can be easily extended to temperatures at least a few hundred degrees around
the reference. But further extending the CSS evaluations to much smaller
diffusion coefficients ratios, we see that the domain for 1D-1D mobility is
very extended: for a ratio the computed CSS is still not correctly
described by the 1D-CSS with respect to a fixed sink (1D-0), but rather by the
established 1D-1D expression. For our typical sets of conditions, it is only
when approaching a ratio of that the 1D-0 CSS starts to become more
relevant. This highlights the counter-intuitive fact that the growth kinetics
of moderately trapped 1D mobile loops, whose effective mobility is greatly
reduced, may not be described by 1D-0 kinetics but rather by appropriately
corrected 1D-1D CSS which have completely different order of magnitude and
kinetic orders.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
Sparse Bayesian mass-mapping with uncertainties: hypothesis testing of structure
A crucial aspect of mass-mapping, via weak lensing, is quantification of the
uncertainty introduced during the reconstruction process. Properly accounting
for these errors has been largely ignored to date. We present results from a
new method that reconstructs maximum a posteriori (MAP) convergence maps by
formulating an unconstrained Bayesian inference problem with Laplace-type
-norm sparsity-promoting priors, which we solve via convex
optimization. Approaching mass-mapping in this manner allows us to exploit
recent developments in probability concentration theory to infer theoretically
conservative uncertainties for our MAP reconstructions, without relying on
assumptions of Gaussianity. For the first time these methods allow us to
perform hypothesis testing of structure, from which it is possible to
distinguish between physical objects and artifacts of the reconstruction. Here
we present this new formalism, demonstrate the method on illustrative examples,
before applying the developed formalism to two observational datasets of the
Abel-520 cluster. In our Bayesian framework it is found that neither Abel-520
dataset can conclusively determine the physicality of individual local massive
substructure at significant confidence. However, in both cases the recovered
MAP estimators are consistent with both sets of data
Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
The diversity of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) photometry is explored using a grid of 130 one-dimensional models. It is shown that the observable properties of SNe Ia resulting from Chandrasekhar-mass explosions are chiefly determined by their final composition and some measure of ``mixing'' in the explosion. A grid of final compositions is explored including essentially all combinations of 56Ni, stable ``iron'', and intermediate mass elements that result in an unbound white dwarf. Light curves (and in some cases spectra) are calculated for each model using two different approaches to the radiation transport problem. Within the resulting templates are models that provide good photometric matches to essentially the entire range of observed SNe Ia. On the whole, the grid of models spans a wide range in B-band peak magnitudes and decline rates, and does not obey a Phillips relation. In particular, models with the same mass of 56Ni show large variations in their light curve decline rates. We identify the physical parameters responsible for this dispersion, and consider physically motivated ``cuts'' of the models that agree better with the Phillips relation. For example, models that produce a constant total mass of burned material of 1.1 +/- Msun do give a crude Phillips relation, albeit with much scatter. The scatter is further reduced if one restricts that set to models that make 0.1 to 0.3 Msun of stable iron and nickel isotopes, and then mix the ejecta strongly between the center and 0.8 Msun. We conclude that the supernovae that occur most frequently in nature are highly constrained by the Phillips relation and that a large part of the currently observed scatter in the relation is likely a consequence of the intrinsic diversity of these objects
The local FIR Galaxy Colour-Luminosity distribution: A reference for BLAST, and Herschel/SPIRE sub-mm surveys
We measure the local galaxy far-infrared (FIR) 60-to-100 um colour-luminosity
distribution using an all-sky IRAS survey. This distribution is an important
reference for the next generation of FIR--submillimetre surveys that have and
will conduct deep extra-galactic surveys at 250--500 um. With the peak in
dust-obscured star-forming activity leading to present-day giant ellipticals
now believed to occur in sub-mm galaxies near z~2.5, these new
FIR--submillimetre surveys will directly sample the SEDs of these distant
objects at rest-frame FIR wavelengths similar to those at which local galaxies
were observed by IRAS. We have taken care to correct for temperature bias and
evolution effects in our IRAS 60 um-selected sample. We verify that our
colour-luminosity distribution is consistent with measurements of the local FIR
luminosity function, before applying it to the higher-redshift Universe. We
compare our colour-luminosity correlation with recent dust-temperature
measurements of sub-mm galaxies and find evidence for pure luminosity evolution
of the form (1+z)^3. This distribution will be useful for the development of
evolutionary models for BLAST and SPIRE surveys as it provides a statistical
distribution of rest-frame dust temperatures for galaxies as a function of
luminosity.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. MNRAS in press. This revision matches final
published version. Fixes typos in footnote 1 and equation 8. Minor
modifications to text and references. Final results unchange
CLEAR I: Ages and Metallicities of Quiescent Galaxies at Derived from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Grism Data
We use deep \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} spectroscopy to constrain the
metallicities and (\editone{light-weighted}) ages of massive () galaxies selected to have quiescent stellar
populations at . The data include 12--orbit depth coverage with the
WFC3/G102 grism covering ~\AA\, at a spectral
resolution of taken as part of the CANDELS Lyman- Emission
at Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At , the spectra cover important
stellar population features in the rest-frame optical. We simulate a suite of
stellar population models at the grism resolution, fit these to the data for
each galaxy, and derive posterior likelihood distributions for metallicity and
age. We stack the posteriors for subgroups of galaxies in different redshift
ranges that include different combinations of stellar absorption features. Our
results give \editone{light-weighted ages of ~Gyr,
~Gyr, ~Gyr, and
~Gyr, \editone{for galaxies at , 1.2,
1.3, and 1.6. This} implies that most of the massive quiescent galaxies at
\% of their stellar mass by a redshift of }. The
posteriors give metallicities of \editone{~, ~, ~, and ~}. This is evidence
that massive galaxies had enriched rapidly to approximately Solar metallicities
as early as .Comment: 32 pages, 23 figures, Resubmited to ApJ after revisions in response
to referee repor
Seismic Radiation From Simple Models of Earthquakes
We review some basic features of shear wave generation and energy balance for a
2D anti plane rupture. We first study the energy balance for a flat fault, and for a fault
that contains a single localized kink. We determine an exact expression for the partition
between strain energy flow released from the elastic medium surrounding the
fault, radiated energy flow and energy release rate. This balance depends only on the
rupture speed and the residual stress intensity factor. When the fault contains a kink,
the energy available for fracture is reduced so that the rupture speed is reduced. When
rupture speed changes abruptly, the radiated energy flow also changes abruptly. As
rupture propagates across the kink, a shear wave is emitted that has a displacement
spectral content that decreases like ω^(-2) at high frequencies. We then use spectral elements
to model the propagation of an antiplane crack with a slip-weakening friction
law. Since the rupture front in this case has a finite length scale, the wave emitted by
the kink is smoothed at very high frequencies but its general behavior is similar to
that predicted by the simple sharp crack model. A model of a crack that has several kinks and wanders around a mean rupture directions, shows that kinks reduce the rupture speed along the average rupture direction of the fault. Contrary to flat fault models, a fault with kinks produces high frequency waves that are emitted every time the rupture front turns at a kink. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the present results to a 3D rupture model
Project of electrical low voltage installations in the industrial building
The purpose of the project is to perform calculations and studies required for the design of electrical supply to different receiver power and lighting of a warehouse energy, whose activity consists in treating metals, so that the planned facilities allow carry out the production process. The electrical needs of the company in terms of which the electrical installation will be projected, defining the technical and security features, and gathering the minimum conditions and guarantees required by current regulations, in order to obtain administrative authorization will be studied competent bodies for commissioning. It is undertake the design and calculation of the electrical installation for industrial building for a business of metallurgy
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