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Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems
A Design Science Research Approach to Smart and Collaborative Urban Supply Networks
Urban supply networks are facing increasing demands and challenges and thus constitute a relevant field for research and practical development. Supply chain management holds enormous potential and relevance for society and everyday life as the flow of goods and information are important economic functions. Being a heterogeneous field, the literature base of supply chain management research is difficult to manage and navigate. Disruptive digital technologies and the implementation of cross-network information analysis and sharing drive the need for new organisational and technological approaches. Practical issues are manifold and include mega trends such as digital transformation, urbanisation, and environmental awareness.
A promising approach to solving these problems is the realisation of smart and collaborative supply networks. The growth of artificial intelligence applications in recent years has led to a wide range of applications in a variety of domains. However, the potential of artificial intelligence utilisation in supply chain management has not yet been fully exploited. Similarly, value creation increasingly takes place in networked value creation cycles that have become continuously more collaborative, complex, and dynamic as interactions in business processes involving information technologies have become more intense.
Following a design science research approach this cumulative thesis comprises the development and discussion of four artefacts for the analysis and advancement of smart and collaborative urban supply networks. This thesis aims to highlight the potential of artificial intelligence-based supply networks, to advance data-driven inter-organisational collaboration, and to improve last mile supply network sustainability. Based on thorough machine learning and systematic literature reviews, reference and system dynamics modelling, simulation, and qualitative empirical research, the artefacts provide a valuable contribution to research and practice
Machine Learning Research Trends in Africa: A 30 Years Overview with Bibliometric Analysis Review
In this paper, a critical bibliometric analysis study is conducted, coupled
with an extensive literature survey on recent developments and associated
applications in machine learning research with a perspective on Africa. The
presented bibliometric analysis study consists of 2761 machine learning-related
documents, of which 98% were articles with at least 482 citations published in
903 journals during the past 30 years. Furthermore, the collated documents were
retrieved from the Science Citation Index EXPANDED, comprising research
publications from 54 African countries between 1993 and 2021. The bibliometric
study shows the visualization of the current landscape and future trends in
machine learning research and its application to facilitate future
collaborative research and knowledge exchange among authors from different
research institutions scattered across the African continent
A Decision Support System for Economic Viability and Environmental Impact Assessment of Vertical Farms
Vertical farming (VF) is the practice of growing crops or animals using the vertical dimension via multi-tier racks or vertically inclined surfaces. In this thesis, I focus on the emerging industry of plant-specific VF. Vertical plant farming (VPF) is a promising and relatively novel practice that can be conducted in buildings with environmental control and artificial lighting. However, the nascent sector has experienced challenges in economic viability, standardisation, and environmental sustainability. Practitioners and academics call for a comprehensive financial analysis of VPF, but efforts are stifled by a lack of valid and available data.
A review of economic estimation and horticultural software identifies a need for a decision support system (DSS) that facilitates risk-empowered business planning for vertical farmers. This thesis proposes an open-source DSS framework to evaluate business sustainability through financial risk and environmental impact assessments. Data from the literature, alongside lessons learned from industry practitioners, would be centralised in the proposed DSS using imprecise data techniques. These techniques have been applied in engineering but are seldom used in financial forecasting. This could benefit complex sectors which only have scarce data to predict business viability.
To begin the execution of the DSS framework, VPF practitioners were interviewed using a mixed-methods approach. Learnings from over 19 shuttered and operational VPF projects provide insights into the barriers inhibiting scalability and identifying risks to form a risk taxonomy. Labour was the most commonly reported top challenge. Therefore, research was conducted to explore lean principles to improve productivity.
A probabilistic model representing a spectrum of variables and their associated uncertainty was built according to the DSS framework to evaluate the financial risk for VF projects. This enabled flexible computation without precise production or financial data to improve economic estimation accuracy. The model assessed two VPF cases (one in the UK and another in Japan), demonstrating the first risk and uncertainty quantification of VPF business models in the literature. The results highlighted measures to improve economic viability and the viability of the UK and Japan case.
The environmental impact assessment model was developed, allowing VPF operators to evaluate their carbon footprint compared to traditional agriculture using life-cycle assessment. I explore strategies for net-zero carbon production through sensitivity analysis. Renewable energies, especially solar, geothermal, and tidal power, show promise for reducing the carbon emissions of indoor VPF. Results show that renewably-powered VPF can reduce carbon emissions compared to field-based agriculture when considering the land-use change.
The drivers for DSS adoption have been researched, showing a pathway of compliance and design thinking to overcome the âproblem of implementationâ and enable commercialisation. Further work is suggested to standardise VF equipment, collect benchmarking data, and characterise risks. This work will reduce risk and uncertainty and accelerate the sectorâs emergence
Annals [...].
Pedometrics: innovation in tropics; Legacy data: how turn it useful?; Advances in soil sensing; Pedometric guidelines to systematic soil surveys.Evento online. Coordenado por: Waldir de Carvalho Junior, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Ricardo SimĂŁo Diniz Dalmolin
Foundations for programming and implementing effect handlers
First-class control operators provide programmers with an expressive and efficient
means for manipulating control through reification of the current control state as a first-class object, enabling programmers to implement their own computational effects and
control idioms as shareable libraries. Effect handlers provide a particularly structured
approach to programming with first-class control by naming control reifying operations
and separating from their handling.
This thesis is composed of three strands of work in which I develop operational
foundations for programming and implementing effect handlers as well as exploring
the expressive power of effect handlers.
The first strand develops a fine-grain call-by-value core calculus of a statically
typed programming language with a structural notion of effect types, as opposed to the
nominal notion of effect types that dominates the literature. With the structural approach,
effects need not be declared before use. The usual safety properties of statically typed
programming are retained by making crucial use of row polymorphism to build and
track effect signatures. The calculus features three forms of handlers: deep, shallow,
and parameterised. They each offer a different approach to manipulate the control state
of programs. Traditional deep handlers are defined by folds over computation trees,
and are the original con-struct proposed by Plotkin and Pretnar. Shallow handlers are
defined by case splits (rather than folds) over computation trees. Parameterised handlers
are deep handlers extended with a state value that is threaded through the folds over
computation trees. To demonstrate the usefulness of effects and handlers as a practical
programming abstraction I implement the essence of a small UNIX-style operating
system complete with multi-user environment, time-sharing, and file I/O.
The second strand studies continuation passing style (CPS) and abstract machine
semantics, which are foundational techniques that admit a unified basis for implementing deep, shallow, and parameterised effect handlers in the same environment. The
CPS translation is obtained through a series of refinements of a basic first-order CPS
translation for a fine-grain call-by-value language into an untyped language. Each refinement moves toward a more intensional representation of continuations eventually
arriving at the notion of generalised continuation, which admit simultaneous support for
deep, shallow, and parameterised handlers. The initial refinement adds support for deep
handlers by representing stacks of continuations and handlers as a curried sequence of
arguments. The image of the resulting translation is not properly tail-recursive, meaning some function application terms do not appear in tail position. To rectify this the
CPS translation is refined once more to obtain an uncurried representation of stacks
of continuations and handlers. Finally, the translation is made higher-order in order to
contract administrative redexes at translation time. The generalised continuation representation is used to construct an abstract machine that provide simultaneous support for
deep, shallow, and parameterised effect handlers. kinds of effect handlers.
The third strand explores the expressiveness of effect handlers. First, I show that
deep, shallow, and parameterised notions of handlers are interdefinable by way of typed
macro-expressiveness, which provides a syntactic notion of expressiveness that affirms
the existence of encodings between handlers, but it provides no information about the
computational content of the encodings. Second, using the semantic notion of expressiveness I show that for a class of programs a programming language with first-class
control (e.g. effect handlers) admits asymptotically faster implementations than possible in a language without first-class control
Examining the Impact of Personal Social Media Use at Work on Workplace Outcomes
A noticable shift is underway in todayâs multi-generational workforce. As younger employees propel digital workforce transformation and embrace technology adoption in the workplace, organisations need to show they are forward-thinking in their digital transformation strategies, and the emergent integration of social media in organisations is reshaping internal communication strategies, in a bid to improve corporate reputations and foster employee engagement. However, the impact of personal social media use on psychological and behavioural workplace outcomes is still debatebale with contrasting results in the literature identifying both positive and negative effects on workplace outcomes among organisational employees.
This study seeks to examine this debate through the lens of social capital theory and study personal social media use at work using distinct variables of social use, cognitive use, and hedonic use. A quantitative analysis of data from 419 organisational employees in Jordan using SEM-PLS reveals that personal social media use at work is a double-edged sword as its impact differs by usage types. First, the social use of personal social media at work reduces job burnout, turnover intention, presenteeism, and absenteeism; it also increases job involvement and organisational citizen behaviour. Second, the cognitive use of personal social media at work increases job involvement, organisational citizen behaviour, employee adaptability, and decreases presenteeism and absenteeism; it also increases job burnout and turnover intention. Finally, the hedonic use of personal social media at work carries only negative effects by increasing job burnout and turnover intention.
This study contributes to managerial understanding by showing the impact of different types of personal social media usage and recommends that organisations not limit employee access to personal social media within work time, but rather focus on raising awareness of the negative effects of excessive usage on employee well-being and encourage low to moderate use of personal social media at work and other personal and work-related online interaction associated with positive workplace outcomes. It also clarifies the need for further research in regions such as the Middle East with distinct cultural and socio-economic contexts
Synthesis and Characterisation of Low-cost Biopolymeric/mineral Composite Systems and Evaluation of their Potential Application for Heavy Metal Removal
Heavy metal pollution and waste management are two major environmental problems faced in the world today. Anthropogenic sources of heavy metals, especially effluent from industries, are serious environmental and health concerns by polluting surface and ground waters. Similarly, on a global scale, thousands of tonnes of industrial and agricultural waste are discarded into the environment annually. There are several conventional methods to treat industrial effluents, including reverse osmosis, oxidation, filtration, flotation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange resins and adsorption. Among them, adsorption and ion exchange are known to be effective mechanisms for removing heavy metal pollution, especially if low-cost materials can be used.
This thesis was a study into materials that can be used to remove heavy metals from water using low-cost feedstock materials. The synthesis of low-cost composite matrices from agricultural and industrial by-products and low-cost organic and mineral sources was carried out. The feedstock materials being considered include chitosan (generated from industrial seafood waste), coir fibre (an agricultural by-product), spent coffee grounds (a by-product from coffee machines), hydroxyapatite (from bovine bone), and naturally sourced aluminosilicate minerals such as zeolite.
The novel composite adsorbents were prepared using commercially sourced HAp and bovine sourced HAp, with two types of adsorbents being synthesized, including two- and three-component composites. Standard synthetic methods such as precipitation were developed to synthesize these materials, followed by characterization of their structural, physical, and chemical properties (by using FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX and XRD).
The synthesized materials were then evaluated for their ability to remove metal ions from solutions of heavy metals using single-metal ion type and two-metal ion type solution systems, using the model ion solutions, with quantification of their removal efficiency. It was followed by experimentation using the synthesized adsorbents for metal ion removal in complex systems such as an industrial input stream solution system obtained from a local timber treatment company.
Two-component composites were considered as control composites to compare the removal efficiency of the three-component composites against. The heavy metal removal experiments were conducted under a range of experimental conditions (e.g., pH, sorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration, time of contact). Of the four metal ion systems considered in this study (Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr as chromate ions), Pb2+ ion removal by the composites was found to be the highest in single-metal and two-metal ion type solution systems, while chromate ion removal was found to be the lowest. The bovine bone-based hydroxyapatite (bHAp) composites were more efficient at removing the metal cations than composites formed from a commercially sourced hydroxyapatite (cHAp).
In industrial input stream solution systems (containing Cu, Cr and As), the Cu2+ ion removal was the highest, which aligned with the observations recorded in the single and two-metal ion type solution systems. Arsenate ion was removed to a higher extent than chromate ion using the three-component composites, while the removal of chromate ion was found to be higher than arsenate ion when using the two-component composites (i.e., the control system).
The project also aimed to elucidate the removal mechanisms of these synthesized composite materials by using appropriate adsorption and kinetic models. The adsorption of metal ions exhibited a range of adsorption behaviours as both the models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were found to fit most of the data recorded in different adsorption systems studied. The pseudo-second-order model was found to be the best fitted to describe the kinetics of heavy metal ion adsorption in all the composite adsorbent systems studied, in single-metal ion type and two-metal ion type solution systems. The ion-exchange mechanism was considered as one of the dominant mechanisms for the removal of cations (in single-metal and two-metal ion type solution systems) and arsenate ions (in industrial input stream solution systems) along with other adsorption mechanisms. In contrast, electrostatic attractions were considered to be the dominant mechanism of removal for chromate ions
AIUCD 2022 - Proceedings
Lâundicesima edizione del Convegno Nazionale dellâAIUCD-Associazione di Informatica Umanistica ha per titolo Culture digitali. Intersezioni: filosofia, arti, media. Nel titolo Ăš presente, in maniera esplicita, la richiesta di una riflessione, metodologica e teorica, sullâinterrelazione tra tecnologie digitali, scienze dellâinformazione, discipline filosofiche, mondo delle arti e cultural studies
Application of wearable sensors in actuation and control of powered ankle exoskeletons: a Comprehensive Review
Powered ankle exoskeletons (PAEs) are robotic devices developed for gait assistance, rehabilitation, and augmentation. To fulfil their purposes, PAEs vastly rely heavily on their sensor systems. Humanâmachine interface sensors collect the biomechanical signals from the human user to inform the higher level of the control hierarchy about the userâs locomotion intention and requirement, whereas machineâmachine interface sensors monitor the output of the actuation unit to ensure precise tracking of the high-level control commands via the low-level control scheme. The current article aims to provide a comprehensive review of how wearable sensor technology has contributed to the actuation and control of the PAEs developed over the past two decades. The control schemes and actuation principles employed in the reviewed PAEs, as well as their interaction with the integrated sensor systems, are investigated in this review. Further, the role of wearable sensors in overcoming the main challenges in developing fully autonomous portable PAEs is discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on how the recent technology advancements in wearable sensors, including environmentâmachine interface sensors, could promote the future generation of fully autonomous portable PAEs is provided
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