15,296 research outputs found
Variability and Evolution in Systems of Systems
In this position paper (1) we discuss two particular aspects of Systems of
Systems, i.e., variability and evolution. (2) We argue that concepts from
Product Line Engineering and Software Evolution are relevant to Systems of
Systems Engineering. (3) Conversely, concepts from Systems of Systems
Engineering can be helpful in Product Line Engineering and Software Evolution.
Hence, we argue that an exchange of concepts between the disciplines would be
beneficial.Comment: In Proceedings AiSoS 2013, arXiv:1311.319
Probabilistic Model Checking for Energy Analysis in Software Product Lines
In a software product line (SPL), a collection of software products is
defined by their commonalities in terms of features rather than explicitly
specifying all products one-by-one. Several verification techniques were
adapted to establish temporal properties of SPLs. Symbolic and family-based
model checking have been proven to be successful for tackling the combinatorial
blow-up arising when reasoning about several feature combinations. However,
most formal verification approaches for SPLs presented in the literature focus
on the static SPLs, where the features of a product are fixed and cannot be
changed during runtime. This is in contrast to dynamic SPLs, allowing to adapt
feature combinations of a product dynamically after deployment. The main
contribution of the paper is a compositional modeling framework for dynamic
SPLs, which supports probabilistic and nondeterministic choices and allows for
quantitative analysis. We specify the feature changes during runtime within an
automata-based coordination component, enabling to reason over strategies how
to trigger dynamic feature changes for optimizing various quantitative
objectives, e.g., energy or monetary costs and reliability. For our framework
there is a natural and conceptually simple translation into the input language
of the prominent probabilistic model checker PRISM. This facilitates the
application of PRISM's powerful symbolic engine to the operational behavior of
dynamic SPLs and their family-based analysis against various quantitative
queries. We demonstrate feasibility of our approach by a case study issuing an
energy-aware bonding network device.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Automated analysis of feature models: Quo vadis?
Feature models have been used since the 90's to describe software product lines as a way of reusing common parts in a family of software systems. In 2010, a systematic literature review was published summarizing the advances and settling the basis of the area of Automated Analysis of Feature Models (AAFM). From then on, different studies have applied the AAFM in different domains. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of this field since 2010 by performing a systematic mapping study considering 423 primary sources. We found six different variability facets where the AAFM is being applied that define the tendencies: product configuration and derivation; testing and evolution; reverse engineering; multi-model variability-analysis; variability modelling and variability-intensive systems. We also confirmed that there is a lack of industrial evidence in most of the cases. Finally, we present where and when the papers have been published and who are the authors and institutions that are contributing to the field. We observed that the maturity is proven by the increment in the number of journals published along the years as well as the diversity of conferences and workshops where papers are published. We also suggest some synergies with other areas such as cloud or mobile computing among others that can motivate further research in the future.Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad TIN2015-70560-RJunta de AndalucĂa TIC-186
3-D multiobservable probabilistic inversion for the compositional and thermal structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle: III. Thermochemical tomography in the Western-Central U.S.
Acknowledgments We are indebted to F. Darbyshire and J. von Hunen for useful comments on earlier versions of this work. This manuscript benefited from thorough and constructive reviews by W. Levandowski and an anonymous reviewer. We also thank J. Connolly, M. Sambridge, B. Kennett, S. Lebedev, B. Shan, U. Faul, and M. Qashqai for insightful discussions about, and contributions to, some of the concepts presented in this paper. The work of J.C.A. has been supported by two Australian Research Council Discovery grants (DP120102372 and DP110104145). Seismic data are from the IRIS DMS. D.L.S. acknowledges support from NSF grant EAR-135866. This is contribution 848 from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (http://www.ccfs.mq.edu.au) and 1106 in the GEMOC Key Centre (http://www.gemoc.mq.edu.au).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Supporting distributed product configuration by integrating heterogeneous variability modeling approaches
Context
In industrial settings products are developed by more than one organization. Software vendors and suppliers commonly typically maintain their own product lines, which contribute to a larger (multi) product line or software ecosystem. It is unrealistic to assume that the participating organizations will agree on using a specific variability modeling techniqueâthey will rather use different approaches and tools to manage the variability of their systems.
Objective
We aim to support product configuration in software ecosystems based on several variability models with different semantics that have been created using different notations.
Method
We present an integrative approach that provides a unified perspective to users configuring products in multi product line environments, regardless of the different modeling methods and tools used internally. We also present a technical infrastructure and a prototype implementation based on web services.
Results
We show the feasibility of the approach and its implementation by using it with the three most widespread types of variability modeling approaches in the product line community, i.e., feature-based, OVM-style, and decision-oriented modeling. To demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of our approach, we present an example derived from industrial experience in enterprise resource planning. We further applied the approach to support the configuration of privacy settings in the Android ecosystem based on multiple variability models. We also evaluated the performance of different model enactment strategies used in our approach.
Conclusions
Tools and techniques allowing stakeholders to handle variability in a uniform manner can considerably foster the initiation and growth of software ecosystems from the perspective of software reuse and configuration.Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad TIN2012-32273Junta de AndalucĂa TIC-186
"Knowledge, technology and economic growth: an OECD perspective"
In this paper we present an international comparison of growth trends with special attention given to developments in labour productivity, allowing for human capital accumulation, and multifactor productivity (MFP), allowing for changes in the composition of fixed capital. In this context an attempt is made, where possible, to identify both the embodied (in particular in ICT equipment) and disembodied components of technical progress. The possible relation between improvements in MFP and the accumulation of knowledge (as proxied by R&D expenditures) is also discussed, and some tentative policy considerations are advanced, mainly with reference to general framework conditions that might have a bearing in fostering technological changes
Intelligent Management and Efficient Operation of Big Data
This chapter details how Big Data can be used and implemented in networking
and computing infrastructures. Specifically, it addresses three main aspects:
the timely extraction of relevant knowledge from heterogeneous, and very often
unstructured large data sources, the enhancement on the performance of
processing and networking (cloud) infrastructures that are the most important
foundational pillars of Big Data applications or services, and novel ways to
efficiently manage network infrastructures with high-level composed policies
for supporting the transmission of large amounts of data with distinct
requisites (video vs. non-video). A case study involving an intelligent
management solution to route data traffic with diverse requirements in a wide
area Internet Exchange Point is presented, discussed in the context of Big
Data, and evaluated.Comment: In book Handbook of Research on Trends and Future Directions in Big
Data and Web Intelligence, IGI Global, 201
Consistent View-Based Management of Variability in Space and Time
Systeme entwickeln sich schnell weiter und existieren in verschiedenen Variationen, um unterschiedliche und sich Ă€ndernde Anforderungen erfĂŒllen zu können. Das fĂŒhrt zu aufeinanderfolgenden Revisionen (VariabilitĂ€t in Zeit) und zeitgleich existierenden Produktvarianten (VariabilitĂ€t in Raum). Redundanzen und AbhĂ€ngigkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Produkten ĂŒber mehrere Revisionen hinweg sowie heterogene Typen von Artefakten fĂŒhren schnell zu Inkonsistenzen wĂ€hrend der Evolution eines variablen Systems. Die BewĂ€ltigung der KomplexitĂ€t sowie eine einheitliche und konsistente Verwaltung beider VariabilitĂ€tsdimensionen sind wesentliche Herausforderungen, um groĂe und langlebige Systeme erfolgreich entwickeln zu können. VariabilitĂ€t in Raum wird primĂ€r in der Softwareproduktlinienentwicklung betrachtet, wĂ€hrend VariabilitĂ€t in Zeit im Softwarekonfigurationsmanagement untersucht wird. Konsistenzerhaltung zwischen heterogenen Artefakttypen und sichtbasierte Softwareentwicklung sind zentrale Forschungsthemen in modellgetriebener Softwareentwicklung. Die Isolation der drei angrenzenden Disziplinen hat zu einer Vielzahl von AnsĂ€tzen und Werkzeugen aus den unterschiedlichen Bereichen gefĂŒhrt, was die Definition eines gemeinsamen VerstĂ€ndnisses erschwert und die Gefahr redundanter Forschung und Entwicklung birgt. Werkzeuge aus den verschiedenen Disziplinen sind oftmals nicht ausreichend integriert und fĂŒhren zu einer heterogenen Werkzeuglandschaft sowie hohem manuellen Aufwand wĂ€hrend der Evolution eines variablen Systems, was wiederum der SystemqualitĂ€t schadet und zu höheren Wartungskosten fĂŒhrt.
Basierend auf dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung in den genannten Disziplinen werden in dieser Dissertation drei KernbeitrĂ€ge vorgestellt, um den Umgang mit der KomplexitĂ€t wĂ€hrend der Evolution variabler Systeme zu unterstĂŒtzten.
Das unifizierte konzeptionelle Modell dokumentiert und unifiziert Konzepte und Relationen fĂŒr den gleichzeitigen Umgang mit VariabilitĂ€t in Raum und Zeit basierend auf einer Vielzahl ausgewĂ€hlter AnsĂ€tze und Werkzeuge aus der Softwareproduktlinienentwicklung und dem Softwarekonfigurationsmanagement. Ăber die bloĂe Kombination vorhandener Konzepte hinaus beschreibt das unifizierte konzeptionelle Modell neue Möglichkeiten, beide VariabilitĂ€tsdimensionen zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen.
Die unifizierten Operationen verwenden das unifizierte konzeptionelle Modell als Datenstruktur und stellen die Basis fĂŒr operative Verwaltung von VariabilitĂ€t in Raum und Zeit dar. Die unifizierten Operationen werden basierend auf einer Analyse diverser AnsĂ€tze konzipiert, welche verschiedene ModalitĂ€ten und Paradigmen verfolgen. WĂ€hrend die unifizierten Operationen die FunktionalitĂ€t von analysierten Werkzeugen abdecken, ermöglichen sie den gleichzeitigen Umgang mit beiden VariabilitĂ€tsdimensionen.
Der unifizierte Ansatz basiert auf den vorhergehenden BeitrĂ€gen und erweitert diese um Konsistenzerhaltung. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Typen von variabilitĂ€tsspezifischen Inkonsistenzen identifiziert, die wĂ€hrend der Evolution variabler heterogener Systeme auftreten können. Der unifizierte Ansatz ermöglicht automatisierte Konsistenzerhaltung fĂŒr eine ausgewĂ€hlte Teilmenge der identifizierten Inkonsistenztypen.
Jeder Kernbeitrag wurde empirisch evaluiert. Zur Evaluierung des unifizierten konzeptionellen Modells und der unifizierten Operationen wurden Expertenbefragungen durchgefĂŒhrt, Metriken zur Bewertung der Angemessenheit einer Unifizierung definiert und angewendet, sowie beispielhafte Anwendungen demonstriert. Die funktionale Eignung des unifizierten Ansatzes wurde mittels zweier Realweltfallstudien evaluiert: Die hĂ€ufig verwendete ArgoUML-SPL, die auf ArgoUML basiert, einem UML-Modellierungswerkzeug, sowie MobileMedia, eine mobile Applikation fĂŒr Medienverwaltung. Der unifizierte Ansatz ist mit dem Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) und dem Vitruvius Ansatz implementiert.
Die KernbeitrĂ€ge dieser Arbeit erweitern das vorhandene Wissen hinsichtlich der uniformen Verwaltung von VariabilitĂ€t in Raum und Zeit und verbinden diese mit automatisierter Konsistenzerhaltung fĂŒr variable Systeme bestehend aus heterogenen Artefakttypen
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