Human-Centered Content-Based Image Retrieval

Retrieval of images that lack a (suitable) annotations cannot be achieved through (traditional) Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. Access through such collections can be achieved through the application of computer vision techniques on the IR problem, which is baptized Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). In contrast with most purely technological approaches, the thesis Human-Centered Content-Based Image Retrieval approaches the problem from a human/user centered perspective. Psychophysical experiments were conducted in which people were asked to categorize colors. The data gathered from these experiments was fed to a Fast Exact Euclidean Distance (FEED) transform (Schouten & Van den Broek, 2004), which enabled the segmentation of color space based on human perception (Van den Broek et al., 2008). This unique color space segementation was exploited for texture analysis and image segmentation, and subsequently for full-featured CBIR. In addition, a unique CBIR-benchmark was developed (Van den Broek et al., 2004, 2005). This benchmark was used to explore what and how several parameters (e.g., color and distance measures) of the CBIR process influence retrieval results. In contrast with other research, users judgements were assigned as metric. The online IR and CBIR system Multimedia for Art Retrieval (M4ART) (URL: http://www.m4art.org) has been (partly) founded on the techniques discussed in this thesis. References: - Broek, E.L. van den, Kisters, P.M.F., and Vuurpijl, L.G. (2004). The utilization of human color categorization for content-based image retrieval. Proceedings of SPIE (Human Vision and Electronic Imaging), 5292, 351-362. [see also Chapter 7] - Broek, E.L. van den, Kisters, P.M.F., and Vuurpijl, L.G. (2005). Content-Based Image Retrieval Benchmarking: Utilizing Color Categories and Color Distributions. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 49(3), 293-301. [see also Chapter 8] - Broek, E.L. van den, Schouten, Th.E., and Kisters, P.M.F. (2008). Modeling Human Color Categorization. Pattern Recognition Letters, 29(8), 1136-1144. [see also Chapter 5] - Schouten, Th.E. and Broek, E.L. van den (2004). Fast Exact Euclidean Distance (FEED) transformation. In J. Kittler, M. Petrou, and M. Nixon (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), Vol 3, p. 594-597. August 23-26, Cambridge - United Kingdom. [see also Appendix C

Music - Media - History

Music and sound shape the emotional content of audio-visual media and carry different meanings. This volume considers audio-visual material as a primary source for historiography. By analyzing how the same sounds are used in different media contexts at different times, the contributors intend to challenge the linear perspective of (music) history based on canonic authority. The book discusses AV-Documents (analysis in context), methodological questions (implications for research, education, and popularization of knowledge), archives of cultural memory (from the perspective of Cultural Studies) as well as digitalization and its consequences (organization of knowledge)

Semantic Annotation for Retrieval of Visual Resources

Beeldmateriaal speelt een steeds grotere rol in onze cultuur, maar ook in de wetenschap en in het onderwijs. Zoeken in grote collecties beeldmateriaal blijft echter een moeizaam proces. Het kost een eindgebruiker veel tijd en moeite om juist dat ene beeld te vinden. Daarom zijn er efficiënte zoekmethoden nodig om de groeiende collecties doorzoekbaar te maken en te houden. Laura Hollink onderzoekt de problemen bij het zoeken naar beeldmateriaal en de mogelijke oplossingen daarvoor, in drie uiteenlopende collecties: schilderijen, foto’s van organische cellen en nieuwsuitzendingen.Schreiber, A.T. [Promotor]Wielinga, B.J. [Promotor]Worring, M. [Copromotor

Social Influences on User Behavior in Group Information Repositories.

Group information repositories are systems for organizing and sharing files kept in a central location that all group members can access. These systems are often assumed to be tools for storage and control of files and their metadata, not tools for communication. The purpose of this research is to better understand user behavior in group information repositories, and to determine whether social factors might shape users' choices when labeling and organizing information. Through interviews with group information repository users and analysis of system log data, I found that users tend to restrict their activities in a repository to files they "own," are reluctant to delete files that could potentially be useful to others, dislike the clutter that results, and can become demotivated if no one views files they uploaded. I also conducted an online experiment in which participants labeled and organized short text files into a file-and-folder hierarchy, and later completed search tasks in the hierarchies created by others. Participants came from two intellectual communities, and were instructed to organize the files for one of three different audiences: themselves, someone from the same intellectual community, and someone from the other community. I found that when participants created hierarchies for an audience they imagined was like them, everyone searched more efficiently, regardless of whether they shared community membership with the hierarchy's creator. Further, analyses of the hierarchies showed that users performed better when file and folder labels were more similar to the text of the documents they represented. These results show that audience design, a communication process, can affect group information management tasks. The findings from both studies suggest that sharing files via a group information repository is more complicated than simply making them available on a server. Processes that affect spoken communication also impact word choices when the "interaction" is mediated by a repository. With this new knowledge, it is possible to begin design work on a new class of systems that go beyond mere storage, and better support the social aspects of user behavior in group information repositories.Ph.D.InformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64758/1/ejrader_1.pd

Speech technologies for the audiovisual and multimedia interaction environments

361 p

Mécanismes cognitifs dans la catégorisation d'objets visuels

La catégorisation est un processus fondamental de la reconnaissance d'objets. Pour comprendre ses mécanismes sous-jacents, cette thèse interroge le rôle du niveau de catégorisation, de l'attention, de la mémoire, et de la relation entre les catégories d'objets, dans la catégorisation de scènes naturelles. Les résultats de la première étude indiquent que les performances de catégorisation sont influencées par les caractéristiques diagnostiques de la tâche. Une seconde étude montre que des objets naturels peuvent être catégorisés en quasi-absence d'attention. Les résultats de la troisième étude indiquent que les scènes sont encodées en mémoire à long-terme sans instruction explicite et catégorisées automatiquement. La dernière étude explore les interactions entre deux représentations d'objets actives simultanément. Plus le degré de relation entre deux objets est élevé, plus le traitement du second objet est affecté. Pour expliquer ces résultats un modèle, inspiré de la physiologie, est proposé qui postule que le niveau d'interaction entre des catégories d'objet actives simultanément dépend du niveau de chevauchement entre les patterns d'activité du cortex inféro-temporal produits par chacun des objets. Les résultats de cette thèse sont compatibles avec l'idée que les caractéristiques visuelles des objets sont traitées automatiquement (étude 3) en quasi-absence d'attention (étude 2) et représentées dans la voie visuelle ventrale de façon distribuée et continue. Les performances de catégorisation dépendraient de la similarité des catégories cibles et distracteurs (étude 1) ou de la similarité entre les représentations actives de deux objets (étude 4).Categorization is a fundamental process of object recognition. To determine its underlying mechanisms, a series of experiments examined the roles of stimulus properties, categorization level, attention, memory, and category-relatedness in natural scene categorization tasks. The results of the first study suggest that categorization performance is driven by characteristics that are diagnostic for the task. A second study shows that visual objects embedded in complex natural scenes can be categorized in the near-absence of attention. The results of a third study suggest that long-term encoding of complex scenes happens without any explicit instruction, and information about object categories is processed automatically. The final study explores the interaction between two concurrently active category representations by presenting two objects in a rapid sequence. The greater the degree of relatedness between two objects, the more affected the processing of the second object is. To explain these results a physiologically inspired model is proposed, which posits that the extent of interaction between concurrently active objects depends on the extent of overlap between the activity patterns in the infero-temporal cortex elicited by the two objects. The results of this thesis support the idea that visual object characteristics are processed automatically (study 3) in the near-absence of attention (study 2) and represented in the ventral stream in a distributed and continuous manner. Categorization performance would depend on the similarity between and within the target and the distractor categories (study 1) or on the similarity between two active object representations (study 4)

Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on disability, virtual reality and associated technologies (ICDVRAT 2000)

The proceedings of the conferenc

Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 21

TesisSe realizó un análisis clínico-electrocardiográfico integral de los hemibloqueos comprendiendo incidencia, edad, etiología, evaluación cuantitativa de los criterios diagnósticos, relación con los trastornos de conducción aurículo-ventricular, y pronóstico. Con tal motivo se estudiaron 221hemibloqueos encontrados en 7,130 pacientes adultos de sexo masculino en un servicio de cardiología y medicina. Los hemibloqueos fueron diagnosticados mediante los criterios señalados por Rosenbaum, Castellanos, y Prior y Blount