Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 6: Implementation schedule, development costs, operational costs, benefit assessment, impact on company organization, spin-off assessment, phase 1, tasks 3 to 8

A baseline implementation plan, including alternative implementation approaches for critical software elements and variants to the plan, was developed. The basic philosophy was aimed at: (1) a progressive release of capability for three major computing systems, (2) an end product that was a working tool, (3) giving participation to industry, government agencies, and universities, and (4) emphasizing the development of critical elements of the IPAD framework software. The results of these tasks indicate an IPAD first release capability 45 months after go-ahead, a five year total implementation schedule, and a total developmental cost of 2027 man-months and 1074 computer hours. Several areas of operational cost increases were identified mainly due to the impact of additional equipment needed and additional computer overhead. The benefits of an IPAD system were related mainly to potential savings in engineering man-hours, reduction of design-cycle calendar time, and indirect upgrading of product quality and performance

Decision support framework for supply chain planning with flexible demand

The most challenging issue of today’s production management is certainly to manage networked organisations under an uncertain demand so that to provide a good service to the customer at low cost. In this article, a model of the decision making parameters involved in this management process is suggested, on the base of case studies. A mixed integer linear planning model embedded in a framework simulating a rolling horizon planning process is described on the base of this analysis. The model takes into account the capabilities of reaction of the planned system and of its environment (suppliers, subcontractors and customers), as well as the corresponding costs. The suggested simulation framework may assist the decision maker for coping with an uncertain or flexible demand, using various planning strategies. Some possible applications of this simulation framework are given in order to illustrate how it can help to solve various types of practical planning problems

Vertical sub-contracting relationships strategy, the Airbus First-tier suppliers\' coordination

This paper analyzes the transformations of industrial vertical relationships, and more particularly the duality of the coordination modes within new industrial architectures. The paper aims to characterize relationship between the architect and the first-tier suppliers according to the strategic degree of their competence. Two models of coordination arm\'s length and systems integration coexist within the same industrial architecture. The recourse to one or the other varies according to the policy of purchase and the strategic degree of the sub-contracted subsystems. Thus we will analyze the system of subcontracting of Airbus by focusing to the importance of the purchasing policy. The argumentation articulates in two parts. The first one considers the vertical subcontracting relationships in the framework of complex productions, by insisting on organizational aspects. The second one analyses the transformation of the \"Airbus\" productive system by focusing on purchasing process and the emergence of new First-tier supplier’s coordination modes.NAModularity – Systems Integration – Strategic competences – Purchasing Strategy – First Tier Suppliers – Airbus

Value Co-Creation through Transparent Buyer-Supplier Relationships: A Case Study in the Supply Network of Industrial Machinery Manufacturer

This research aims to find the appropriate level of transparency in different buyer-supplier relationships in order to enhance value co-creation in the supply network. The previous literature demonstrates that transparency brings many benefits but also causes risks. Therefore, transparency needs to be balanced in different buyer-supplier relationships. This research was an embedded single case study containing three supplier groups within the supply network. The primary and qualitative research data related to the antecedents for transparency and the effects of transparency on value co-creation was collected from 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews. This data was analyzed by a causal map analysis. The secondary research data had been collected from the web-based structured questionnaires from the customer and its 24 suppliers. This data was analyzed by a descriptive statistics in order to describe the current level of transparency in the supply network. The research results indicated that the level of transparency in the supply network varied based on the type of the relationship where the more collaborative relationships had the higher level of transparency and the more powerful actor seemed to force the other to share information. Furthermore, transparency was believed to require trust but also the arranged methods and IT-systems for information sharing which need allocated resources and causes costs. The results also indicated that transparency had many value-creating effects related to capabilities, integration, operational performance and financial outcomes but it also had some value-destroying effects. Lastly, a framework was created in order to determine the development suggestions for the appropriate level of transparency in different buyer-supplier relationships in the supply network so that more value can be created and shared between the actors. The framework is applicable at least with the similar supply networks which provide low volume manufactured products with many different and variable items.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Increased Supply Chain Flexibility by Changes in Information Sharing with Suppliers - The FAIS Roadmap

Due to a shifting competitive landscape, companies have realized that in order to meet the new market trends, they need to be flexible not only within their own link but throughout their supply chain. One factor that has proved to have great impact on supply chain flexibility is information sharing. The purpose of this thesis was to add to the knowledge on how organizations can increase their supply chain flexibility by changes in information sharing with suppliers. The objective of this thesis was twofold: To develop a roadmap for analyzing the need and possibilities to increase supply chain flexibility by changes in information sharing with suppliers. With support of this roadmap, present recommendations aiming at increasing the flexibility in Axis’s supply chain by changes in information sharing with suppliers. The study was conducted using a systems approach. Through combining theories about supply chain flexibility, information sharing in supply chains and an empirical investigation in an abductive manner, the FAIS Roadmap was developed. The preliminary FAIS Roadmap was tested using a case study on Axis Communications AB. The developed FAIS Roadmap is a tool that can be used in order to specify what changes that should be made regarding information sharing with suppliers in order to increase the supply chain flexibility. After testing the developed roadmap, some refinements were done, resulting in a final version of the FAIS Roadmap. Furthermore, the test resulted in five recommendations for Axis: understand suppliers’ real need for information, simplify and synchronize internal information processes, make sure that high quality information is passed on further up the chain, benefit from extensive information sharing in early stages of product development, and share additional information in order to decrease lead times

Garments without guilt? : an exploration of corporate social responsibility within the context of the fashion supply chain : case study of Sri Lanka

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Analysis of the performance of Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning on supply chain management: A multiple case study

En el 2011 se desarrolló la metodología Demand-Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) con el objetivo de aumentar el flujo de materiales e información y así mejorar la ventaja competitiva de las empresas de fabricación y distribución. Varios trabajos de investigación que simulan el comportamiento del DDMRP han sido realizados desde entonces. Sin embargo, en la revisión de la literatura no se han encontrado estudios que analicen la implementación del DDMRP en una empresa. El presente trabajo, por lo tanto, analiza la evolución que tres empresas han tenido tras migrar del MRP al DDMRP y el impacto de este proceso en la ventaja competitiva. Para analizar y comprender en detalle los hechos de cada estudio de caso, se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa. Para la recogida de datos se han utilizado entrevistas semiestructuradas, documentos y registros de archivos. Tras recopilar todos los datos se han comparado los resultados de antes y después de cada implementación de DDMRP y se ha evaluado la evolución del desempeño de cada empresa. Finalmente, se ha realizado un estudio de casos cruzados. Los resultados obtenidos, demuestran que con la metodología DDMRP las empresas aumentan la visibilidad en la cadena de suministro reduciendo considerablemente el efecto bullwhip y los pedidos urgentes. Cabe destacar también la evolución del inventario, ya que en los tres casos el inventario sufre una reducción importante mientras que el consumo de los materiales aumenta. Todo esto mientras que las empresas son capaces de mantener el nivel de servicio prácticamente en un 100%

Relational contracts and collaboration in the supply chain: impact of expected future business volume on the make-or-buy decision

Relational contracts are key to supply chain collaboration. The literature has focused on the role of trust stemming from prior business with current suppliers. However, the role of expected future business volume on the make‐or‐buy decision has been relatively neglected. This paper contributes to the literature by examining how the level of expected future business volume affects the make‐or‐buy decision, that is, the choice to produce the product or service internally rather than to outsource it. Using regression analysis of secondary data from 12,272 construction projects and controlling for endogeneity, our results show that expected future business volume promotes outsourcing and that this impact is larger when the level of prior business with external suppliers is stronger and there is more specificity in the relationship. Our results are consistent with a game theoretic logic in which informally promising future interactions to sustain collaboration is more credible to external suppliers than to internal units because the former can use their assets elsewhere. Also, our results suggest that trust stemming from prior business reinforces the calculativeness logic that stems from the expectation of future business

Antecedents and moderators of the state of supply chain logistics measurement and consequential perceived competitiveness

The purpose of this research was to describe the state of logistics measurement in corporate America and to explore relationships between it and various antecedents, moderators, and perceived competitive advantage. This research, conducted in 1998- 1999, builds on previous studies published by the Council of Logistics Management, validates previous findings about the state of logistics measurement, and provides exploratory insights into the current state. In addition, theory regarding the quality of logistics measures was tested. The design of the research included the use of the Delphi technique, several case studies, and a mailed questionnaire completed by senior logistics and supply chain executives from 355 companies. Twenty-eight hypotheses were tested. Considerable post hoc analysis was performed to enhance the understanding of logistics measurement in the supply chain. Major findings include: (1) Logistics measurement is generally not considered to be one of the important issues facing the organization. (2) Key logistics performance measures are not captured by a large percentage of firms, even though they are perceived to be important to the firm and to its customers. (3) Even though a logistics performance measure is captured, organizations often fail to take action based upon the value of the measure. (4) The quality of measures captured is often perceived to be deficient. (5) Firms are more focused on measurement of activities or processes within the firm than on activities or processes between firms. (6) The position of the firm in its dominant supply chain influences what it measures. (7) Existing technologies that would facilitate measurement are not being considered for implementation by a large percentage of companies. (8) Large firms are more likely to measure logistics processes/capabilities than small firms. (9) Top management support is seen as the greatest enabler of logistics performance measurement. Major conclusions of the research include: (1) Most firms represented by respondents to the survey do not comprehensively measure logistics performance. (2) Even the best performing; firms fail to realize their productivity and service potential available from logistics performance measurement. (3) There is a need for collaboration between trading partners on definitions of processes and measures of performance. (4) Opportunities exist for improving the alignment of business strategies and logistics strategies. However, such alignment does not appear to affect the state of logistics measurement. (5) Supply chain management is a theory under development and not currently practiced