9 research outputs found

    Artificial Neural Networks as Approach for Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction and R-peak Detection

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    Tato diplomová práce se zabývá extrakcí fetálního plodového elektrokardiogramu (fEKG) pomocí metod využívající umělé neuronové sítě (ANN). Po prostudování problematiky zpracování neinvazivního fEKG (NI-fEKG) signálu byla provedena rešerše současných metod využívající ANN pro extrakci fEKG signálu z abdominálního signálu (aEKG). Na základě provedené rešerše byly vybrány metody využívající lineární adaptivní neuron (ADALINE), adaptivní neuro-fuzzy inferenční systém (ANFIS) a rekurentní sítě (RNN) tzv. Echo state sítě. Tyto metody byly také využity v kombinaci s dopřednou vícevrstvou ANN (ANN-ADALINE, ANN-ANFIS, ANN-ESN). Testování vybraných metod bylo provedeno na reálných datech z databáze Labour dataset a Pregnancy dataset. Pro vyhodnocení extrakce a stanovení plodové srdeční frekvence (fHR) byly detekovány R-kmity pomocí dvou detektorů. První detektor byl založen na spojité vlnkové transformaci (CWT), druhý detektor byl založen na dopředné vícevrstvé ANN. Pro zhodnocení byla stanovena celková pravděpodobnost správné detekce (ACC), senzitivita (SE), pozitivní prediktivní hodnota (PPV) a jako harmonický průměr SE a PPV byl stanoven parametr F1. Funkčnost metod byla ověřena vůči referenčním anotacím. Ve srovnání s metodami ADALINE, ANFIS, ANN-ADALINE, ANN-ANFIS a ANN-ESN, dosáhla metoda ESN nejlepších výsledků. Pro data z databáze Labour dataset dosahovala metoda hodnoty ACC 78,65 %, pro data z databáze Pregnancy dataset byla hodnota ACC přes 80 %. Pro zpracování, analýzu a vyhodnocení bylo vytvořeno grafické uživatelské rozhraní (GUI) v programu MATLAB.This thesis deals with the extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) through methods that use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). After careful examination of non-invasive fECG (NI-fECG) signal processing, a search of current methods using ANN for extraction of fECG signal was performed. Based on the search, methods using a Linear Adaptive Neuron (ADALINE), an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and a Recurrent Network (RNN), the so-called Echo State Network (ESN), were selected. These methods were also used in combination with Multilayer Feedforward ANN (ANN-ADALINE, ANN-ANFIS, ANN-ESN). Testing of the chosen methods was performed on real data from the Labour dataset and Pregnancy dataset databases. R-peaks were detected using two detectors to evaluate extraction and fetal heart rate (fHR). The first detector was based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT), the second detector was based on Multilayer Feedforward ANN. For evaluation the overall probability of correct detection (ACC), sensitivity (SE), positive predictive value (PPV) and the harmonic mean of SE and PPV (F1) were determined. The functionality of chosen methods was verified by comparison to reference anotations. In comparison to methods ADALINE, ANFIS, ANN-ADALINE, ANN-ANFIS a ANN-ESN, the ESN method achieved the best results. For data from the Labor dataset, the ACC value reached 78.65 %, for data from the Pregnancy dataset, the ACC value was over 80 %. A graphical user interface (GUI) was created for processing, analysis and evaluation in MATLAB.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

    Automated assessment of echocardiographic image quality using deep convolutional neural networks

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    Myocardial ischemia tops the list of causes of death around the globe, but its diagnosis and early detection thrives on clinical echocardiography. Although echocardiography presents a huge advantage of a non-intrusive, low-cost point of care diagnosis, its image quality is inherently subjective with strong dependence on operators’ experience level and acquisition skill. In some countries, echo specialists are mandated to supplementary years of training to achieve ‘gold standard’ free-hand acquisition skill without which exacerbates the reliability of echocardiogram and increases possibility for misdiagnosis. These drawbacks pose significant challenges to adopting echocardiography as authoritative modalities for cardiac diagnosis. However, the prevailing and currently adopted solution is to manually carry out quality evaluation where an echocardiography specialist visually inspects several acquired images to make clinical decisions of its perceived quality and prognosis. This is a lengthening process and laced with variability of opinion consequently affection diagnostic responses. The goal of the research is to provide a multi-discipline, state-of-the-art solution that allows objective quality assessment of echocardiogram and to guarantee the reliability of clinical quantification processes. Computer graphic processing unit simulations, medical imaging analysis and deep convolutional neural network models were employed to achieve this goal. From a finite pool of echocardiographic patient datasets, 1650 random samples of echocardiogram cine-loops from different patients with age ranges from 17 and 85 years, who had undergone echocardiography between 2010 and 2020 were evaluated. We defined a set of pathological and anatomical criteria of image quality by which apical-four and parasternal long axis frames can be evaluated with feasibility for real-time optimization. The selected samples were annotated for multivariate model developments and validation of predicted quality score per frame. The outcome presents a robust artificial intelligence algorithm that indicate frames’ quality rating, real-time visualisation of element of quality and updates quality optimization in real-time. A prediction errors of 0.052, 0.062, 0.069, 0.056 for visibility, clarity, depth-gain, and foreshortening attributes were achieved, respectively. The model achieved a combined error rate of 3.6% with average prediction speed of 4.24 ms per frame. The novel method established a superior approach to two-dimensional image quality estimation, assessment, and clinical adequacy on acquisition of echocardiogram prior to quantification and diagnosis of myocardial infarction

    Timely and reliable evaluation of the effects of interventions: a framework for adaptive meta-analysis (FAME)

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    Most systematic reviews are retrospective and use aggregate data AD) from publications, meaning they can be unreliable, lag behind therapeutic developments and fail to influence ongoing or new trials. Commonly, the potential influence of unpublished or ongoing trials is overlooked when interpreting results, or determining the value of updating the meta-analysis or need to collect individual participant data (IPD). Therefore, we developed a Framework for Adaptive Metaanalysis (FAME) to determine prospectively the earliest opportunity for reliable AD meta-analysis. We illustrate FAME using two systematic reviews in men with metastatic (M1) and non-metastatic (M0)hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC)

    University of Wollongong Undergraduate Handbook 2008

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    Antioxidant and DPPH-Scavenging Activities of Compounds and Ethanolic Extract of the Leaf and Twigs of Caesalpinia bonduc L. Roxb.

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    Antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc and its isolated bioactive compounds were evaluated in vitro. The compounds included two new cassanediterpenes, 1α,7α-diacetoxy-5α,6β-dihydroxyl-cass-14(15)-epoxy-16,12-olide (1)and 12α-ethoxyl-1α,14β-diacetoxy-2α,5α-dihydroxyl cass-13(15)-en-16,12-olide(2); and others, bonducellin (3), 7,4’-dihydroxy-3,11-dehydrohomoisoflavanone (4), daucosterol (5), luteolin (6), quercetin-3-methyl ether (7) and kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1Ç2)-β-D-xylopyranoside (8). The antioxidant properties of the extract and compounds were assessed by the measurement of the total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, total antioxidant capacity and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activities.Compounds 3, 6, 7 and ethanolic extract had DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 values of 186, 75, 17 and 102 μg/ml respectively when compared to vitamin C with 15 μg/ml. On the other hand, no significant results were obtained for hydrogen peroxide radical. In addition, compound 7 has the highest phenolic content of 0.81±0.01 mg/ml of gallic acid equivalent while compound 8 showed the highest total antioxidant capacity with 254.31±3.54 and 199.82±2.78 μg/ml gallic and ascorbic acid equivalent respectively. Compound 4 and ethanolic extract showed a high ascorbic acid content of 2.26±0.01 and 6.78±0.03 mg/ml respectively.The results obtained showed the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of C. bonduc and deduced that this activity was mediated by its isolated bioactive compounds

    University of Wollongong Undergraduate Handbook 2011

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    Undergraduate Unit of Study Reference Handbook 2009

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