English in the Knowledge Economy: A Study of Mission Statements of Selected Micro-Finance Banks in Lagos State

Mission statements contain aspects of the most strategic information of any business and thus are   central in strategic planning. In entrepreneurship thinking, the capacity to generate realistic mission statements tend to point the way to the future of the organization. Incidentally, there is a suspicion that business enterprises in Nigeria do not maximize the provisions of mission statements. This is the motivation for this study. Our focus has been on the mission statements of selected microfinance banks in Lagos State. In doing this, we purposively selected twenty microfinance banks from one hundred and fifty active ones in Lagos state. The data were subjected to content analysis using the pragma-stylistic framework. It was discovered that the banks studied, did not incorporate the market and public image considerations. The mission statements did not reflect adequate use of technology which is key in a knowledge-based economy. Their focus appeared to have been on the products and services as well as on their self-concept. It is expected that a more robust representation would be needed if mission statements of these microfinance banks would be leveraged upon by budding entrepreneurs

Neologisms in Modern English: study of word-formation processes

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2654513~S1*es

THE SUBJECT OF THE QUESTION IN MAONIC SCIENCE AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

The topic of the talk and its classification are one of the central issues of syntax. This article compares the classification of the Arabic alphabet with the Arabic and Uzbek linguistic norms. In terms of the stylistics of the Uzbek language, it is explained in terms of how the spelling of the Arabic word begins, and the classification of the Muslim in terms of the context. It is emphasized in Maonic science that the most important aspect of non- speaking in other languages, especially in the Arabian minority, is the purpose of the speaker and the state of the listener. In Maonical Science there is information on classification in relation to reality, the goal of the speaker and the status of the listener, and in the so-called interpreter, to be a change in reality, and to choose the types of speech.The topic of the talk and its classification are one of the central issues of syntax. This article compares the classification of the Arabic alphabet with the Arabic and Uzbek linguistic norms. In terms of the stylistics of the Uzbek language, it is explained in terms of how the spelling of the Arabic word begins, and the classification of the Muslim in terms of the context. It is emphasized in Maonic science that the most important aspect of non- speaking in other languages, especially in the Arabian minority, is the purpose of the speaker and the state of the listener. In Maonical Science there is information on classification in relation to reality, the goal of the speaker and the status of the listener, and in the so-called interpreter, to be a change in reality, and to choose the types of speech

Indicadores de qualidade para a avaliação de traduções no âmbito da didática

A avaliação de traduções visa medir a qualidade dos textos traduzidos. Contudo, o tradutor que tenta formular a tradução, o cliente que paga por ela e o professor de tradução que tem de avaliar o processo de aprendizagem têm perspectivas diferentes em relação à qualidade. A avaliação em sala de aula baseia-se na análise estática do texto, ao passo que o cliente tem um interesse prospectivo pelas traduções, já que sua intenção é usá-las funcionalmente a fim de atender seus próprios interesses. O tradutor, por sua parte, emprega uma estratégia dinâmica na busca de uma formulação adequada. Essas três perspectivas acerca da qualidade de traduções podem ser reunidas sob um modelo único das categorias tradutórias.The evaluation of translations intends to assess the quality of those texts. However the perspectives on quality by the translator trying to formulate a translation, by a client who pays for it, and by the translation teacher who has to evaluate the learning progress, are different. Classroom evaluation is based on a static text analysis, while the client has a prospective interest in translations to use them functionally for proper interest. The translator applies a dynamic strategy in search of an adequate formulation. All three perspectives on translation quality can be subsumed under one model of the translational categories

Linguistic Aesthetics from the Nineteenth to the Twentieth Century: The Case of Otto Jespersen’s “Progress in Language”

From the early nineteenth century up until the first half of the twentieth century, many leading scholars in the emerging field of linguistics were occupied with what would today be considered a kind of linguistic typology. The various classifications of languages they proposed were generally intertwined with speculation about the “racial” traits or national mentalities that different language types might represent and their putative value relative to one another. This article investigates these schemes from the perspective of Otto Jespersen’s (1860–1943) theory of “progress in language.” It first shows how Jespersen, inspired by theoretical developments in linguistics and neighboring sciences, inverted the traditional rankings and praised the modern “analytic” European languages over their classical “synthetic” ancestors. It then explores contemporary reactions to Jespersen’s theory and traces the gradual disappearance of language evaluation and related questions from the discipline. Charles Bally (1865–1947) receives special attention for his nuanced critique of Jespersen’s position, which casts unique light on linguistic ideology in the period that saw the birth of structuralism in its different varieties

Intonation of Russian Declarative Sentence: Methodology for Teaching Foreign Students

The article deals with teaching Russian intonation of declarative sentences to foreign students. The emphasis is placed on the way teaching materials are presented. In particular, the variable rows for intonation patterns in declarative sentences have been developed, as well as the teaching of syntagmatic segmentation and intonation patterns in complex utterances. This method of working with foreigners is efficient for teaching foreign students the Russian declarative intonation which manifests in verbal communication and reading

Exploring Spanish-English translation through conceptual metaphor components: A case study based on The Death of Artemio Cruz by Carlos Fuentes and its translators

This case study applies a multidisciplinary approach to explore real discourse^{1} in translation from a linguistic and literary perspective. The selected approach involves comparing the two translations of La muerte de Artemio Cruz, by Carlos Fuentes, published in English under the title The Death of Artemio Cruz. The criterion of linguistic deviation between the two translated texts is combined in this study with the literary use of metaphors in Fuentes’s novel in order to focus on the study of metaphors of deep significance both in the original and in the translation solutions proposed, and thereby explore what they say about translation and translators. Cognitive models are applied to the analysis of the fragments identified, in order to explore the role played by different metaphor components, as defined by Zoltán Kövecses; the aim is to determine the ways in which such components underpin and can help identify translation solutions based on language and translation features that convey culture-specific elements, and also to determine the extent to which they reveal the translator’s presence. Applying conceptual metaphor theory allows us to see in a more concrete way abstract elements conveyed through translation. Image schemas, in particular, which are dynamic spatial patterns such as path and container that give basic structure to our experiences and knowledge, provide a “more concrete” tool which allows us to visualize aspects transferred between languages and cultures that reveal the translator’s presence in the text. This multidisciplinary approach, although not systematic in a strict sense (because it does not set out to identify all metaphors and the corresponding components present in the selected text and translations), proves helpful in proposing translation procedures that go beyond the very general solutions proposed previously based on translating metaphors from the source language into the “same” or “different” metaphors or mappings in the target language. This new approach, with its focus on more concrete and basic structures, can provide the basis for a more objective methodology in the field of metaphor translation