Defining a vibration test profile for assessing the durability of electric motorcycle battery assemblies

There has been little published research critically examining the vibration loading that battery assemblies within large sized electric two wheelers (ETWs) experience during their lifetime. Much of the existing research has been focused on assessing the battery packs of electric passenger vehicles, which have a different dynamic response to their two wheeled counterparts. Existing automotive procedures, therefore, cannot be applied to these modes of transport. It is important therefore that the magnitude and frequency of the vibration inputs that the ETW battery will be exposed to during the vehicle's life is understood. For the first time, this study describes a methodology to derive random power spectral density (PSD) profiles that are representative of 60,000 miles of UK customer electric motorcycle (EM) usage for a vehicle operating in the large traditional motorcycle class. The derived PSDs are suitable for testing frame mounted batteries for mechanical durability using modern shaker table facilities and are derived utilising vibration measurements from a contemporary EM (Harley Davidson Livewire). In addition, it compares the measurements from a current production EM to that of profiles derived from passenger electric vehicles (EVs) published within existing studies to highlight the key differences between vibration environments experienced by batteries within passenger EVs and EMs

Improvement of Engine Performance to Reduce Fuel Consumption of a Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine

Fuel is the mam source of energy in the world and being used widely in powering vehicles by internal combustion process. The used of fuel keep growing day by day and however the source of fuel cannot be renewed. Even though scientists have already introduced alternative renewable energy in placed of fossil fuel, the implementation cost very high capitals investment. Thus car manufacturer are competing to develop highly efficient vehicle that consume lesser fuel than th e previous generation of vehicles. The project undertaken here attempts to minimize engine fuel consumption by implementing engine optimization. These were performed by several tuning process to improved air fuel ratio of the engine, ignition system, and several modification to reduce the engine work load. Furthermore engine is retrofitted with Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) replacing the usage of carburettor. As a conclusion all the improvement performed on the engine have increase the engine performance and reduce the fuel consumption significantly. The engine maximum torque has increased from 1.5 N.m to 2.1 N.m at 5000 rpm and the engine fuel consumption reduce from reduce and produce a better mileage from 1242.8 mpg to 2662.9 mpg

Design and development of auxiliary components for a new two-stroke, stratified-charge, lean-burn gasoline engine

A unique stepped-piston engine was developed by a group of research engineers at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), from 2003 to 2005. The development work undertaken by them engulfs design, prototyping and evaluation over a predetermined period of time which was iterative and challenging in nature. The main objective of the program is to demonstrate local R&D capabilities on small engine work that is able to produce mobile powerhouse of comparable output, having low-fuel consumption and acceptable emission than its crankcase counterpart of similar displacement. A two-stroke engine work was selected as it posses a number of technological challenges, increase in its thermal efficiency, which upon successful undertakings will be useful in assisting the group in future powertrain undertakings in UTM. In its carbureted version, the single-cylinder aircooled engine incorporates a three-port transfer system and a dedicated crankcase breather. These features will enable the prototype to have high induction efficiency and to behave very much a two-stroke engine but equipped with a four-stroke crankcase lubrication system. After a series of analytical work the engine was subjected to a series of laboratory trials. It was also tested on a small watercraft platform with promising indication of its flexibility of use as a prime mover in mobile platform. In an effort to further enhance its technology features, the researchers have also embarked on the development of an add-on auxiliary system. The system comprises of an engine control unit (ECU), a directinjector unit, a dedicated lubricant dispenser unit and an embedded common rail fuel unit. This support system was incorporated onto the engine to demonstrate the finer points of environmental-friendly and fuel economy features. The outcome of this complete package is described in the report, covering the methodology and the final characteristics of the mobile power plant

Ninja 300 Motorcycle Luggage Rack

The product is a motorcycle luggage rack compatible with the Kawasaki Ninja 300. This report elaborates on all aspects of the team’s work in developing this product. First, the motivations and foundational work for this project are discussed. Then, the team’s design of the entire product as a whole, and each of its subsystems are clearly laid out. System testing and results are also provided, followed by a cost breakdown of the whole process. Next, patents and engineering standards are listed as a documented justification for the team’s project. Finally, an overall project evaluation is conducted by the team

The development of a road profile measuring device with reference to endurance testing of motor vehicles

Includes bibliography.This project describes the development of a device to measure the profile of a road. The data describing the roads characteristics are used to compare the qualities of the test tracks at present used by Volkswagen SA (Pty) Ltd for endurance testing of their products, and the Synthetic Road used on their new hydraulic road simulator

Design and experimental validation of a carbon fibre swingarm test rig

The swingarm of a motorcycle is an important component of its suspension. In order to test the durability of swingarms, a dedicated test rig was designed and realized. The test rig was designed to load the swingarm in the same way the swingarm is loaded on the test track. The research report structure is as follows: relevant literature related to automotive component testing, current swingarm test rig models and composite swingarms were outlined. The Leyni bench, a rig specifically developed by Ducati to test swingarm reliability was shown to be effective but lacked the ability to apply variable loads. The objective of this research was to design and experimentally validate a swingarm test rig to evaluate swingarm performance at different loads. The methodology, the components of the test rig and the instrumentation required to achieve the objectives of the research were presented. The elastic modulus of the carbon fibre swingarm material was calculated using classical laminate theory. The strains and stresses within a swingarm during testing were analysed. The test rig was shown to be versatile, accurate and efficient, with potential for future application. This research has shown the benefit of test rigs for testing motorcycle components

Development of Test Methodology for Evaluation of Fuel Economy in Motorcycle Engines

Rising fuel costs and concerns over fossil fuel emissions have resulted in more stringent fuel economy and emissions standards globally. As a result, motor vehicle manufacturers are constantly pushed to develop more efficient engine and drivetrain systems. Along with advances in hardware, the development of highly fuel efficient engine oils and driveline lubricants can have a significant impact on total system efficiency. Recently motorcycle fuel economy and emissions have come under increased scrutiny. While the passenger vehicle and heavy duty vehicle industries employ a variety of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standardized tests to measure fuel economy and exhaust emissions, the motorcycle industry has very little standardization and no industry standard fuel economy engine tests. The objective of this work is to fill this void with the development of a motorcycle fuel economy test methodology. The developed testing methodology is demonstrated experimentally using a Honda PCX150 motorcycle engine, which is commercially available and of a size and architecture which is representative of a wide range of motorcycles throughout the world. The fuel economy test is developed to incorporate four unique, steady-state stages in which engine load and speed are controlled while fuel consumption is measured. Each stage is tailored to produce lubrication in different operating regimes. After suitable test conditions are determined, three oils are prepared and tested. Each test oil was prepared and selected to investigate differences in both oil viscosity and chemical additives. The developed test is shown to have the ability to quantitatively evaluate test oils based on each oil\u27s effect on fuel consumptio

Development of Test Methodology for Evaluation of Fuel Economy in Motorcycle Engines

Rising fuel costs and concerns over fossil fuel emissions have resulted in more stringent fuel economy and emissions standards globally. As a result, motor vehicle manufacturers are constantly pushed to develop more efficient engine and drivetrain systems. Along with advances in hardware, the development of highly fuel efficient engine oils and driveline lubricants can have a significant impact on total system efficiency. Recently motorcycle fuel economy and emissions have come under increased scrutiny. While the passenger vehicle and heavy duty vehicle industries employ a variety of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standardized tests to measure fuel economy and exhaust emissions, the motorcycle industry has very little standardization and no industry standard fuel economy engine tests. The objective of this work is to fill this void with the development of a motorcycle fuel economy test methodology. The developed testing methodology is demonstrated experimentally using a Honda PCX150 motorcycle engine, which is commercially available and of a size and architecture which is representative of a wide range of motorcycles throughout the world. The fuel economy test is developed to incorporate four unique, steady-state stages in which engine load and speed are controlled while fuel consumption is measured. Each stage is tailored to produce lubrication in different operating regimes. After suitable test conditions are determined, three oils are prepared and tested. Each test oil was prepared and selected to investigate differences in both oil viscosity and chemical additives. The developed test is shown to have the ability to quantitatively evaluate test oils based on each oil\u27s effect on fuel consumptio