Quality testing of staple yarn by an instrument with dual sensing and its comparative study with capacitive sensing

An instrument employing both image processing and optical sensing in a single run has been developed to evaluate yarn quality parameters such as irregularity, imperfections and hairiness. Dedicated software, inbuilt within the system, is also developed, which measures the attributes from both the sensors, and a best fit representation is made. The irregularity and imperfections obtained from proposed instrument are compared with those obtained from universally accepted capacitive sensing Uster tester, whereas hairs/meter are compared with Zweigle tester. The cotton, cotton-polyester blended and jute yarns have been tested in all the systems. The repeatability and reliability of results in both image processing and optical sensing are found insignificant in 5% confidence level. It is observed that the yarns with diameter value up to 0.65 mm can be evaluated by optical sensor, but above this threshold, image processing may be done successfully. Uster tester result mostly corroborates with image processing. Optical sensor shows higher values than image processing

An Extended Review on Fabric Defects and Its Detection Techniques

In Textile Industry, Quality of the Fabric is the main important factor. At the initial stage, it is very essential to identify and avoid the fabrics faults/defects and hence human perception consumes lot of time and cost to reveal the fabrics faults. Now-a-days Automated Inspection Systems are very useful to decrease the fault prediction time and gives best visualizing clarity- based on computer vision and image processing techniques. This paper made an extended review about the quality parameters in the fiber-to-fabric process, fabrics defects detection terminologies applied on major three clusters of fabric defects knitting, woven and sewing fabric defects. And this paper also explains about the statistical performance measures which are used to analyze the defect detection process. Also, comparison among the methods proposed in the field of fabric defect detection

Hybridní tkané struktury

Tato disertační práce poskytuje podrobnější informace o vlastnostech čedičových vláken vedle běžně používaných vláken, a to pro návrh a vývoj hybridních tkaných textilií určených pro výrobu kompozitních materiálů, zejména betonu vyztuženého textilií (TRC). Zkoumány jsou různé kombinace čedičové hybridní tkaniny s ohledem na mechanické, tepelné, akustické, elektrické a jiné vlastnosti, přičemž vliv hybridizace a struktury tkaných textilií je studován detailněji. Mechanické vlastnosti jsou predikovány s použitím a strukturální modely korelovány s výsledky získanými z provedených experimentů. Čedičová vlákna jsou velmi perspektivním materiálem díky jejich ohnivzdornosti spojené s lávovým původem, vynikajícím mechanickým vlastnostem a relativně nízké ceně. Na druhou stranu, tato vlákna doposud nebyla podrobena rozsáhlejšímu průzkumu, protože je možno je považovat za relativně nový typ vlákna. V technických článcích je možno nalézt jen omezené množství údajů o jejich chování po zpracování, jež je spojeno se stárnutím materiálu. Disertační práce prozkoumává možnosti využití čedičových vláken v kombinaci s jinými typy přízí a následně také vliv hybridní tkané struktury na nosnost kompozitu a dobu jeho životnosti. V této studii je vyšetřeno nosné chování TRC kompozitu (kompozitní systém tvořený jemnozrnnou betonovou matricí a výztuží složenou z vysoce funkčních vláken zpracovaných do plošné textilie) při jednoosém namáhání tahem. Průzkum je zaměřen na výztužnou schopnost hybridní tkané struktury. Při začleňování textilní struktury do betonu je zřejmé, že veškeré příze nejsou impregnovány cementovou matricí kompletně, což vede k heterogenitě systému beton - příze přispívajícímu ke komplexní nosnosti a defektnímu chování TRC kompozitu. Hlavním cílem této práce je tedy průzkum hybridizačních efektů na nosné chování TRC kompozitu.This thesis conveys a better insight into characteristics of Basalt fibers specifically, alongside commonly used fibers to design and develop hybrid woven fabrics for TRC composite materials. Various combinations of basalt hybrid fabrics are investigated with respect to mechanical, thermal, acoustic, electrical and other functional properties. The influence of hybridization and structure of woven fabric is studied in detail. The tensile properties are predicted by using structural model and correlated to the results obtained through experiments. Basalt fibers are very promising materials due to their fire resistance related to magmatic origin, superior mechanical properties and relatively low cost. On the other hand, being a relatively new kind of fiber, they are still not studied extensively. There are very few indications in technical papers about their behavior after aging treatments. The current study investigates the possibility of using basalt with other types of yarns and consequently the effect of hybrid woven structure on load bearing capacity and durability. In the present work, the load-bearing behavior of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), which is a composite of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a reinforcement of high-performance fibers processed to textiles, when exposed to uniaxial tensile loading was investigated. The investigations are focused on reinforcement of hybrid woven fabrics. When textile yarns are embedded in concrete, they are not entirely impregnated with cementitious matrix, which leads to associated heterogeneity of the concrete and the yarns to a complex load-bearing and failure behavior of the composite system. The main objective of the work is the investigation of hybridization effects in the load-bearing behavior of TRC

Development of Sol-Gel technology for textile surface coating to achieve self-cleaning and antibacterial properties

With advancements in technology and its influence on most industries, the textile industry continues to pursue innovative techniques to create and meet the growing demand for technical textiles. Self-cleaning textiles have become popular due to promising positive impacts on not just the textile industry, but also on global efforts to improve industrial waste and its impact on the environment. Polyfluorinated chemicals are widely known to provide excellent self-cleaning properties to achieve water and oil repellence, mirroring that of the botanical lotus leaf. Due to their toxic effects on consumers and the environment, research focus, in the pursuit to achieve technical textiles, has been to replace these toxic polyfluorinated chemicals with alternative substances capable of achieve functional properties that these fluorinated substances provide. Various technologies utilised to impart functional properties that include the sol-gel technology, have gained popularity in recent years due to its simpler and cost-effective processes. This sol-gel technology utilises silane precursors, modified easily to incorporate various additives that are applied onto textiles through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce an extensive functionalised nanoparticle network on the textile surface. Alkoxysilanes and quaternary ammonium compounds modified with long carbon chains were used to develop a sol solution that could be applied onto 100% knitted cotton fabric. To involve the fabric in the building of the sol-gel network, 100% treated cotton was agitated in sol solution for 4 hours at 40°C. The soft feel of the cotton fabric was retained when treated cotton fabrics were padded at high pad pressure. This treatment method resulted in treated cotton fabric demonstrating hydrophobicity with water contact angles of 142° and roll-off angles of 16° for self-cleaning properties. The 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyloctadecyldimethylammonium chloride silane provided an antibacterial activity of log reduction in CFU/mL of 3 against S.aureus and was seen to influence the hydrophobic property. Prolonged contact between fabric and sol demonstrated better durability of properties for sol-gel treated cotton fabric when tested for its durability to washing. Though acidic medium reduced resistance to abrasion, XIX cotton samples treated in acidic conditions with varying silane content regained abrasion resistance and demonstrated an improvement in burst strength. SEM-EDX and ATR / FT-IR analyses were able to illustrate the presence of sol-gel coating and the siloxane bonding on the treated cotton surface, respectively.SAFEPROTE