The E-Banknote as a \u27Banknote\u27 : A Monetary Law Interpreted

The article discusses whether an electronic banknote is a ‘banknote’. The issue is dealt with as a matter of general statutory interpretation in the context of evolving technologies and institutional arrangements. The article proposes a clear terminology to address concepts underlying digital currencies and access to central bank money and argues that a banknote may be ‘written’ electronically. The article is critical of both account-based Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and cryptocurrencies and highlights features of nonblockchain token-based alternatives. It sheds light on considerations affecting the selection of a design which is appropriate from both a functional and legal perspective and addresses architectural models for the issuance of e-banknotes

JARIMU Application as a Self-Development Medium for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Introducing money is a self-development skill for children with intellectual disabilities that is very important in their lives. However, this is often a problem and is misunderstood by children with intellectual disabilities. This confusion occurs because they are often presented directly as money, while their value and function are not well understood. As a result, the direct use of money as a medium becomes less attractive, has no meaning, and is only used as a toy that has no direction. The purpose of this research is to develop an Android-based learning medium that can help people with intellectual disabilities understand money as a whole. This study uses a mixed method with a sequential exploratory model design. This application test uses the Black Box, and the results show that the JARIMU application can be used operationally properly. Based on the feasibility test, the JARIMU application has a very good acceptance rate with a percentage of 86.029%. The implications of these findings are suggested to be applied by schools or teachers in introducing money for children with intellectual disabilities

An overview of machine learning and 5G for people with disabilities

Currently, over a billion people, including children (or about 15% of the world’s population), are estimated to be living with disability, and this figure is going to increase to beyond two billion by 2050. People with disabilities generally experience poorer levels of health, fewer achievements in education, fewer economic opportunities, and higher rates of poverty. Artificial intelligence and 5G can make major contributions towards the assistance of people with disabilities, so they can achieve a good quality of life. In this paper, an overview of machine learning and 5G for people with disabilities is provided. For this purpose, the proposed 5G network slicing architecture for disabled people is introduced. Different application scenarios and their main benefits are considered to illustrate the interaction of machine learning and 5G. Critical challenges have been identified and addressed.This work has been supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain under project PID2019-108713RB-C51 MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033.Postprint (published version

Central Bank Policy and Cryptocurrencies

: Private cryptocurrencies became an integral part of the financial market. Central banks expressed various positions with respect to cryptocurrency from strong denial to non-intervention. We found out a common and dominating trend in the central bank's policy to lead the further development of crypto-currency by restrictions, robust surveillance and licensing. The first section contains common information about central banks's approach to regulation cryprocurrencies. Next section summarizes the treatment of cryptocurrency by central bankers, also it cointains 2 tables devoted to typology of cryptocurrency legality by countries and recognition of cryptocurrency by countries. Section 3 is devoted to the impact of global crisis on the dissemination of digital cryptocurrencies and contains 5 tables with information about banknotes and coins in circulation and a tables with top-10 cryptocurrencies. Section 4 describes the typology of warning signals sent by central banks to general public, investors, and market players. Section 5 concludes the material