Reducing energy consumption of hammering with electric excavators

Abstract. The aim of this master’s thesis is to research methods to reduce the energy consumption of hammering with electric excavators. To understand the energy consumption of hammering, the structure and energy consumption of a conventional excavator is explained thoroughly. The knowledge of a conventional excavator also lays foundation for studying the electric excavator. An electric excavator is not yet a widely used machine so different operating principles and models are presented in the work. Different technologies are described for utilizing electricity in hammering. Energy consumption of hammering is researched by measurements of the current situation. Measuring the power losses in hammering brings forward the challenges in the conventional hydraulic system and the excavator use in hammering. In addition to the measurements, hammer concepts are designed utilizing the technology researched. Quantitative and qualitative properties of the concepts are reviewed. The size of the power losses of hammering can be seen in the results of the measurements. The magnitude of the losses depend on what type of hammering work is done. The different hammering concepts bring large potential in reducing the energy consumption. The concepts also have new features, which can affect the productivity. The technology used in the different concepts still needs to be researched more and desired features deter- mined. The measurements show the magnitude of power losses in this excavator, but a working cycle should be determined to measure the energy consumption.Iskuvasaroinnin energiankulutuksen pienentäminen sähköisellä kaivinkoneella. Tiivistelmä. Tämän työn tavoitteena on tutkia tapoja, jolla iskuvasaroinnin energiankulutusta pystytään pienentämään sähköisellä kaivinkoneella. Iskuvasaroinnin energiankulutuksen ymmärtämiseksi työssä perehdytään perinteisen kaivinkoneen rakenteeseen ja energiankulutukseen. Perinteiseen kaivinkoneeseen perehtyminen luo myös pohjaa sähköisen kaivinkoneen toiminnan ymmärtämiseen. Sähköinen kaivinkone ei ole vielä yleisesti käytetty laite, joten sen eri toimintaperiaatteita käsitellään tässä työssä. Erilaisia teknologioita esitetään siihen, kuinka sähköä voidaan hyödyntää iskuvasaroinnissa. Iskuvasaroinnin energiankulutusta tutkitaan myös kokeellisesti. Tehohäviömittaukset iskuvasaroinnissa tuovat esiin tämän hetken ongelman kaivinkoneen hydrauliikkajärjestelmässä ja kaivinkoneen käytöstä iskuvasaroinnissa. Mittausten lisäksi työssä suunnitellaan sähköenergiaa hyödyntäviä iskuvasarakonsepteja. Konsepteja arvioidaan sekä energiatehokkuden kannalta että laadullisesti. Mittaustulokset tuovat esiin hydraulisten häviöiden suuruuden. Eri tyyppisissä iskuvasaroinnissa tehohäviöt ovat eri suuruisia johtuen kaivinkoneen hydrauliikasta. Eri konseptit tuovat suurta potentiaalia energiankulutuksen pienentämiseen sähköä hyödyntäen. Konseptit tarjoavat myös uusia ominaisuuksia rikotukseen. Konsepteissa käytettäviin teknologioihin pitää syventyä jatkossa vielä tarkemmin ja halutut laadulliset ominaisuudet tulee määrittää. Mittaustulokset osoittavat häviöiden suuruuden, mutta energiankulutuksen mittaamiseksi tulisi määrittää työsykli iskuvasaroinnille

Towards Energy-Efficient Electrified Mobile Hydraulics : Considering Varying Application Conditions

In the face of global warming, companies in all kinds of industries need to take measures to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which is explicitly enforced by more and more upcoming emission legislation in many countries. In the case of heavy-duty mobile machines (HDMMs), a currently high-emitting sector, the most feasible method of reducing harmful emissions during operation is battery-based electrification. However, the relatively low capacities and high costs of available battery packs are restricting the operation times as well as upper power limits of battery-electric HD-MMs—at least under economically feasible conditions. In this scenario, the typically low energy-efficiencies of conventional hydraulic systems, which are essential for realizing linear actuation on HDMMs, are becoming more critical than ever before, and more efficient alternative concepts are required. As an answer to this demand, this thesis and the six publications on which it is based analyze how alternative hydraulic concepts for electrified HDMMs should look like, and two specific concepts are proposed as well as evaluated. In this scope, the focus is not only on improving the efficiency but also on other aspects that can prevent or accelerate the success of alternative hydraulic concepts on the market, such as costs and feasibility. Since those aspects cannot be analyzed in isolation from the application conditions, the essential characteristics of HDMMs and the differences of those characteristics between HDMM types are elaborated systematically. Furthermore, the implications of the transition from internal combustion engines (ICEs) to electric machines (EMs) as the prime movers for hydraulic pumps are identified by means of a literature review. Considering the insights from the analyses of those aspects, already existing hydraulic concepts—i.e., conventional as well as proposed alternatives for improved efficiency—are reevaluated, and beneficial elements of those concepts are filtered out for constructing two new concepts. Those two proposed concepts are characterized by a modular approach in which actuators can be valve-controlled, which might be less efficient but more cost-effective, or pump-controlled, as an alternative for more efficient yet costly actuation of selected functions on the HDMM. Simulation studies are used to demonstrate the efficiency of both concepts under varying configurations that are enabled through the modular nature of the concepts, and the differences in applying them on a telehandler, wheel loader, or excavator are analyzed. For the second concept, which is based on displacement-control and performed best in the simulations, a cost analysis is used to prove additionally that reasonably short payback times of the increased investment costs can be reached in different scenarios. Furthermore, the efficiency performance as well as feasibility—in terms of using commercially available components only and achieving good controllability—are experimentally validated on a telehandler

Progettazione di macchine ed azionamenti elettrici multifase ad alte prestazioni per applicazioni veicolari

The first part of this thesis has focused on the construction of a twelve-phase asynchronous machine for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) applications. In fact, the aerospace world has found in electrification the way to improve the efficiency, reliability and maintainability of an aircraft. This idea leads to the aircraft a new management and distribution of electrical services. In this way is possible to remove or to reduce the hydraulic, mechanical and pneumatic systems inside the aircraft. The second part of this dissertation is dedicated on the enhancement of the control range of matrix converters (MCs) operating with non-unity input power factor and, at the same time, on the reduction of the switching power losses. The analysis leads to the determination in closed form of a modulation strategy that features a control range, in terms of output voltage and input power factor, that is greater than that of the traditional strategies under the same operating conditions, and a reduction in the switching power losses

Volume 2 – Conference: Wednesday, March 9

10. Internationales Fluidtechnisches Kolloquium:Group 1 | 2: Novel System Structures Group 3 | 5: Pumps Group 4: Thermal Behaviour Group 6: Industrial Hydraulic

Volume 2 – Conference

We are pleased to present the conference proceedings for the 12th edition of the International Fluid Power Conference (IFK). The IFK is one of the world’s most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists. The Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems at the TU Dresden is organizing and hosting the IFK for the sixth time. Supporting hosts are the Fluid Power Association of the German Engineering Federation (VDMA), Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e. V. (DVF) and GWT-TUD GmbH. The organization and the conference location alternates every two years between the Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems in Dresden and the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems in Aachen. The symposium on the first day is dedicated to presentations focused on methodology and fundamental research. The two following conference days offer a wide variety of application and technology orientated papers about the latest state of the art in fluid power. It is this combination that makes the IFK a unique and excellent forum for the exchange of academic research and industrial application experience. A simultaneously ongoing exhibition offers the possibility to get product information and to have individual talks with manufacturers. The theme of the 12th IFK is “Fluid Power – Future Technology”, covering topics that enable the development of 5G-ready, cost-efficient and demand-driven structures, as well as individual decentralized drives. Another topic is the real-time data exchange that allows the application of numerous predictive maintenance strategies, which will significantly increase the availability of fluid power systems and their elements and ensure their improved lifetime performance. We create an atmosphere for casual exchange by offering a vast frame and cultural program. This includes a get-together, a conference banquet, laboratory festivities and some physical activities such as jogging in Dresden’s old town.:Group 1 | 2: Digital systems Group 3: Novel displacement machines Group 4: Industrial applications Group 5: Components Group 6: Predictive maintenance Group 7: Electro-hydraulic actuatorsDer Download des Gesamtbandes wird erst nach der Konferenz ab 15. Oktober 2020 möglich sein.:Group 1 | 2: Digital systems Group 3: Novel displacement machines Group 4: Industrial applications Group 5: Components Group 6: Predictive maintenance Group 7: Electro-hydraulic actuator

Volume 1 – Symposium: Tuesday, March 8

Group A: Digital Hydraulics Group B: Intelligent Control Group C: Valves Group D | G | K: Fundamentals Group E | H | L: Mobile Hydraulics Group F | I: Pumps Group M: Hydraulic Components:Group A: Digital Hydraulics Group B: Intelligent Control Group C: Valves Group D | G | K: Fundamentals Group E | H | L: Mobile Hydraulics Group F | I: Pumps Group M: Hydraulic Component

ESSE 2017. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Energy

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical-, biological-, and information sciences to study and solve environmental problems. ESSE - The International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Energy provides a platform for experts, professionals, and researchers to share updated information and stimulate the communication with each other. In 2017 it was held in Suzhou, China June 23-25, 2017

Electrified Powertrains for a Sustainable Mobility: Topologies, Design and Integrated Energy Management Strategies

This Special Issue was intended to contribute to the sustainable mobility agenda through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge to investigate concerns and real possibilities in the achievement of a greener mobility and to support the debate between industry and academic researchers, providing an interesting overview on new needs and investigation topics required for future developments

Volume 1 – Symposium

We are pleased to present the conference proceedings for the 12th edition of the International Fluid Power Conference (IFK). The IFK is one of the world’s most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists. The Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems at the TU Dresden is organizing and hosting the IFK for the sixth time. Supporting hosts are the Fluid Power Association of the German Engineering Federation (VDMA), Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e. V. (DVF) and GWT-TUD GmbH. The organization and the conference location alternates every two years between the Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems in Dresden and the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems in Aachen. The symposium on the first day is dedicated to presentations focused on methodology and fundamental research. The two following conference days offer a wide variety of application and technology orientated papers about the latest state of the art in fluid power. It is this combination that makes the IFK a unique and excellent forum for the exchange of academic research and industrial application experience. A simultaneously ongoing exhibition offers the possibility to get product information and to have individual talks with manufacturers. The theme of the 12th IFK is “Fluid Power – Future Technology”, covering topics that enable the development of 5G-ready, cost-efficient and demand-driven structures, as well as individual decentralized drives. Another topic is the real-time data exchange that allows the application of numerous predictive maintenance strategies, which will significantly increase the availability of fluid power systems and their elements and ensure their improved lifetime performance. We create an atmosphere for casual exchange by offering a vast frame and cultural program. This includes a get-together, a conference banquet, laboratory festivities and some physical activities such as jogging in Dresden’s old town.:Group A: Materials Group B: System design & integration Group C: Novel system solutions Group D: Additive manufacturing Group E: Components Group F: Intelligent control Group G: Fluids Group H | K: Pumps Group I | L: Mobile applications Group J: Fundamental