1,225 research outputs found

    Smart PV Inverter Control for Distribution Systems

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    PV solar systems employ inverters to transform dc power from solar panels into ac power for injecting into the power grids. Inverters that perform multiple functions in addition to real power production are known as “smart inverters”. This thesis presents a novel control of PV inverter as a dynamic reactive power compensator – STATCOM. This “smart PV inverter” control enables a PV solar inverter to operate in three modes – i) Full PV, ii) Partial STATCOM, and iii) Full STATCOM, depending upon system needs. The novel control is developed and demonstrated for the objectives of a) symmetrical voltage regulation, b) temporary overvoltage reduction, c) power factor correction, and d) reactive power control. In Full PV mode, the inverter performs only real power production based on solar radiation. In Partial STATCOM mode, the controller uses the remaining capacity of the inverter for voltage control, power factor correction and reactive power control. The Full STATCOM mode is invoked in emergency scenarios, such as faults, or severe voltage fluctuations. In this mode, the real power production is shut down temporarily and the entire inverter capacity is utilized for voltage regulation or TOV curtailment for providing critical support to the power system. This thesis presents a comprehensive design of the proposed smart inverter controller with all its associated system components. The performance of the smart inverter is simulated using the electromagnetic transients software PSCAD/EMTDC. It is further validated through Real Time Digital Simulation and Control Hardware in the Loop (CHIL) simulation. Finally the successful performance of the smart inverter controller is demonstrated on a 10 kW inverter in the laboratory on a simulated feeder of Bluewater Power, Sarnia, where this smart inverter is proposed to be installed. The smart PV inverter control is further shown to enhance the connectivity of PV solar farms in a realistic 44 kV Hydro One distribution feeder. It is demonstrated that if such a novel control is implemented on a 10 MW solar farm, the need for the actually installed STATCOM for voltage regulation and TOV control can be either minimized or altogether eliminated, bringing a significant savings for the utility PV solar systems employ inverters to transform dc power from solar panels into ac power for injecting into the power grids. Inverters that perform multiple functions in addition to real power production are known as “smart inverters”. This thesis presents a novel control of PV inverter as a dynamic reactive power compensator – STATCOM. This “smart PV inverter” control enables a PV solar inverter to operate in three modes – i) Full PV, ii) Partial STATCOM, and iii) Full STATCOM, depending upon system needs. The novel control is developed and demonstrated for the objectives of a) symmetrical voltage regulation, b) temporary overvoltage reduction, c) power factor correction, and d) reactive power control. In Full PV mode, the inverter performs only real power production based on solar radiation. In Partial STATCOM mode, the controller uses the remaining capacity of the inverter for voltage control, power factor correction and reactive power control. The Full STATCOM mode is invoked in emergency scenarios, such as faults, or severe voltage fluctuations. In this mode, the real power production is shut down temporarily and the entire inverter capacity is utilized for voltage regulation or TOV curtailment for providing critical support to the power system. This thesis presents a comprehensive design of the proposed smart inverter controller with all its associated system components. The performance of the smart inverter is simulated using the electromagnetic transients software PSCAD/EMTDC. It is further validated through Real Time Digital Simulation and Control Hardware in the Loop (CHIL) simulation. Finally the successful performance of the smart inverter controller is demonstrated on a 10 kW inverter in the laboratory on a simulated feeder of Bluewater Power, Sarnia, where this smart inverter is proposed to be installed. The smart PV inverter control is further shown to enhance the connectivity of PV solar farms in a realistic 44 kV Hydro One distribution feeder. It is demonstrated that if such a novel control is implemented on a 10 MW solar farm, the need for the actually installed STATCOM for voltage regulation and TOV control can be either minimized or altogether eliminated, bringing a significant savings for the utilit

    Advancements in Real-Time Simulation of Power and Energy Systems

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    Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics

    Faults Detection for Power Systems

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    Real-Time Supervisory Control for Power Quality Improvement of Multi-Area Microgrids

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    Principle and Control Design of Active Ground-Fault Arc Suppression Device for Full Compensation of Ground Current

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    Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks

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    power system, voltage unbalance issues are expected to exacerbate. Single{phase connectedphotovoltaic (PV) panels may cause unequal three{phase power ows, resultingin unbalanced grid currents and voltages. In addition, the random charging behaviour ofPlug{in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with single{phase on{board chargersis expected to further contribute to voltage unbalance rise as the number of thesedevices grows. If voltage unbalance increases to unacceptable levels, it may have adverseeects on power system operation and on the equipment connected to it. Traditionally,the phase swapping technique has been deployed by distribution system operators forvoltage unbalance mitigation, while other mitigating techniques include the deploymentof power electronics-based devices. The majority of the devices reported in the literatureare based on three-phase congurations, including series and parallel active power lters,unied power quality conditioners (UPQCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs)and, more recently, three-phase distributed generation (DG) inverters.This research proposes the use of single-phase battery energy storage systems (BESSs)for the provision of phase balancing services, which has been considered only in a few literatureworks, with most of these research papers focusing on three-phase BESSs. In thisthesis, a novel control strategy is proposed for single-phase BESS units to compensatevoltage unbalance by injecting both active and reactive power simultaneously. The proposedapproach is based on the coordinated operation of three independent single-phaseBESS inverters using local voltage and current measurements.Initially, a comprehensive literature review is performed with the following aims: arobust classication of the ancillary services currently oered by BESSs, harmonisation ofthe notation found in the literature for ancillary services, and identication of potentialfuture applications of BESSs to power grids with large number of Low Carbon Technologies(LCTs). Then, the eectiveness of the proposed voltage unbalance compensationmethod is validated in the simulation environment, where two realistic models of distributionsystems are developed. Next, the impact of increasing PV and EV penetrationlevels on voltage unbalance for a typical UK distribution system is assessed based on adeterministic approach. The control strategy is validated experimentally by carrying outHardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) tests. Finally, an equivalent model of the distribution systemand BESS inverter is derived, which allows to carry out a preliminary probabilisticstudy to cater for the uncertainties related to the location and size of the PVs and EVs,and to evaluate the voltage unbalance levels without and with the BESSs controlled toprovide voltage unbalance compensation.It is concluded that the proposed BESS control system may eectively reduce thevoltage unbalance levels under various loading and generating conditions

    Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources

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    The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a need of global society. This editorial, and its associated Special Issue “Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources”, offers a compilation of some of the recent advances in the analysis of current power systems that are composed after the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) with different RESs. The focus is on both new control configurations and on novel methodologies for the optimal placement and sizing of DG. The eleven accepted papers certainly provide a good contribution to control deployments and methodologies for the allocation and sizing of DG

    Real-time co-simulation of transmission and distribution networks integrated with distributed energy resources for frequency and voltage support

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    This paper proposes a real-time co-simulated framework to experimentally validate the dynamic performance of network-level controllers in power systems. The experiment setup includes the coordinated emulation of a transmission network linked to a distribution feeder and real distributed energy sources, working in a multi-platform and multi-manufacturer environment. The operation of an optimal hierarchical controller for voltage and frequency support of the transmission network, which exploits the power injection from battery energy storage systems (BESS), is investigated to demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed setup based on a co-simulation environment. The results of different study cases implemented in the laboratory are presented, where a successful interconnection between real-time emulators and real hardware from different manufacturers was realised. The fast and timely response of the controller to disturbances caused by sudden load changes, three-phase faults and renewable generation losses is experimentally validated. Finally, the robustness of the developed test bench against noise and harmonic distortion of real signals is also demonstrated

    Control and Protection of Wind Power Plants with VSC-HVDC Connection

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