Impact of Random, Uniform node placement and Grid environment on the Performance of Routing Protocols in MANET

An ad-hoc network is frequently represented as a group of mobile platforms or nodes where each node can move freely and randomly without the benefit of any fixed infrastructure except for the nodes themselves. They are often autonomous, self-configuring, and adaptive. Each node in an ad hoc network is in charge of routing information between its neighbors, thus imparting to and holding connectivity of the network. MANET has to face many challenges in various aspects; one of the future challenges is terrain size and node placement. Here, performance of two popular protocols in MANET i.e. AODV and DSDV is evaluated under three different node placements namely Random, Uniform and Grid using GLOMOSIM simulator. The performance analysis is based on different values of Radio Range in network and different network metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Average Delay

Compendious Discourse Concerning MANET Routing Protocols & Simulation Tools

Now a days, Mobile Ad Hoc network is the most trendy topic for researchers. Mobile Ad Hoc network is infrastructure less wireless network that is made up of different mobile devices that creates link with other nodes on the fly and also changes their links between nodes more frequently. This type of network is more useful when one wants to get connected with some nodes for a particular session and does not wants to create a dedicated link for all the time. This paper entitles the brief discussion about MANET, various Routing protocols used to route data between these nodes. The purpose of this study is to provide the brief knowledge about MANET network. Moreover, this study entitles some of the simulation tools used in analyzing the performance of the Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Currently, MANETs are a very active area of research, due to their great potential to provide networking capabilities when it is not feasible to have a fixed infrastructure in place, or to provide a complement to the existing infrastructure. Routing in this kind of network is much more challenging than in conventional networks, due to its mobile nature and limited power and hardware resources. The most practical way to conduct routing studies of MANETs is by means of simulators such as GloMoSim. GloMoSim was utilized in this research to investigate various performance statistics and draw comparisons among different MANET routing protocols, namely AODV, LAR (augmenting DSR), FSR (also known as Fisheye), WRP, and Bellman-Ford (algorithm). The network application used was FTP, and the network traffic was generated with tcplib [Danzig91]. The performance statistics investigated were application bytes received, normalized application bytes received, routing control packets transmitted, and application byte delivery ratio. The scenarios tested consisted of an airborne application at a high (26.8 m/s) and a low speed (2.7 m/s) on a 2000 m x 2000 m domain for nodal values of 36, 49, 64, 81, and 100 nodes, and radio transmit power levels of 7.005, 8.589, and 10.527 dBm. Nodes were paired up in fixed client-server couples involving 10% and 25% of the nodes being V111 clients and the same quantity being servers. AODV and LAR showed a significant margin of performance advantage over the remaining protocols in the scenarios tested

Evaluating performance of WRP and AODV MANETs routing protocols under mobility

The Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a wireless networks which have no central bridge, and where each node acts as a destination as well as a router. The MANETs are dynamic networks because the network topology keeps on changing because of the mobility of the nodes. There are many protocols that have been developed to aid in routing in these types of networks. Each of these protocols is designed with some certain mobility scenarios in mind. To achieve effective routing in a given scenario, the right protocol must be chosen. Choosing the right protocol involves  evaluating many interdependent performance metrics that define the effectiveness of a routing protocol, and this often poses a challenge to application designers. This research endeavored to model a simulation platform on which various protocols could be evaluated under various mobility scenarios to determine their suitability. The GloMoSim was used as the simulation platform and two MANET protocols namely wireless routing protocol (WRP) and ad hoc ondemand distance vector (AODV) evaluated. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of this modeled platform as it was able to establish that the AODV outperformed WRP in four out of the five of the measured performance metrics. The AODV is thus a better  protocol for MANETs compared to WRP. The same simulation platform could be used test other protocols.Key words: MANET, WRP, AODV, Simulation, GloMoSi

Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), IEEE 802.11s, AODV, DSR, DYMO

Design of a Simulator for finding K-best Energy Efficient Paths in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

MANET stands for "Mobile Ad-hoc Networks". A MANET is a infrasructure less network where every node acts as a router as well as a normal node. The nodes in the network are self configuring, i.e. they configure themself to route the packets with the changing topology. The movement of the nodes in the network is frequent so that the topology changes. The change in topology leads to the disruption in the node connectivity and the end to end routing path. Simulator is a software that provides a complete visibiliy of the network and the contents of the network. In the current work a simulator is designed to show the dynamic movement of nodes by showing their changing neighbors with respect o the node mobility in the network. The path that is established between the source and target node is also visible by tracing path between them. The routing path between the source and destination also changes with changing topology and changing scenario of the network

Design of Simulator for Energy Efficient Clustering in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The research on various issues in Mobile ad hoc networks are getting popularity because of its challenging nature and all time connectivity to communicate. MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) is a random deployable network where devices are mobile with dynamic topology. In the network topology, each device is termed as a node and the virtual connectivity among each node is termed as the link .Nodes in a network are dynamically organized into virtual partitions called clusters. Network simulators provide the platform to analyse and imitate the working of computer networks along with the typical devices, traffic and other entities. Cluster heads being the communication hotspots tend to drain its battery power rapidly while serving its member nodes. Further, energy consumption is a key factor that hinders the deploy ability of a real ad hoc and sensor network. It is due to the limited life time of the battery powered devices that motivates intense research into energy efficient design of operating systems, protocols and hardware devices. Clustering is a proven solution to preserve the battery power of certain nodes. In the mechanism of clustering, there exists a cluster head in every cluster that works similar to a base station in the cellular architecture. Cluster heads being the communication hotspots tend to drain its battery power rapidly while serving its member nodes. Further, energy consumption is a key factor that hinders the deploy ability of a real ad hoc and sensor network. It is due to the limited life time of the battery powered devices that motivates intense research into energy efficient design of operating systems, protocols and hardware devices. The mobile ad hoc network can be modelled as a unidirectional graph G = (V, L) where V is the set of mobile nodes and L is the set of links that exist between the nodes. We assume that there exists a bidirectional link L between the nodes and when the distance between the nodes < (transmission range) of the nodes. In the dynamic network the cardinality of the nodes remains constant, but the cardinality of links changes due to the mobility of the nodes. Network simulators are used by researchers, developers and engineers to design various kinds of networks, simulate and then analyze the effect of various parameters on the network performance. A typical network simulator encompasses a wide range of networking technologies and can help the users to build complex networks from basic building blocks such as a variety of nodes and links. The objective of our work is to design a simulator for energy efficient clustering so that the data flow as well as the control flow could be easily handled and maintained. The proposed energy efficient clustering algorithm is a distributed algorithm that takes into account the consumed battery power of a node and its average transmission power for serving the neighbour nodes as the parameters to decide its suitability to act as a cluster head. These two parameters are added with different weight factors to find the weights of the individual nodes. After the clusters are formed, gateway nodes are selected in the network that help for the inter cluster communication. The graph for the number of cluster heads selected for different number of nodes are also drawn to study the functionality of the simulator