Performance Evaluation of MANET Based Routing Protocols for VANETs in Urban Scenarios

Abstract. Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are self-organizing ad hoc networks that are specifically designed for communication among vehicles where vehicles are themselves the nodes. Although routing protocols have already been analyzed and compared in the past for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), simulations and comparisons of routing protocols for VANETs have almost always been done considering random motions with non-urban specific parameters. This paper studies the performance of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) which are popular routing protocols in MANETS for routing among vehicular nodes in VANETs. The effects of urban motions on the simulation parameters, their consequences on routing performance are compared between the two protocols in this study. The VANET simulations showed that on-demand based protocol AODV performs better than the table-driven based DSDV protocol for two performance metrics for vehicular nodes moving in urban scenarios

Mobile ad hoc networks for intelligent systems

Advances in wireless technology and portable computing along with demands for high user mobility have provided a major promotion toward the development of ad hoc networks. Mobile ad hoc networks feature dynamic topology, self-organization, limited bandwidth and battery power of a node. They do not rely on specialized routers for path discovery and traffic routing. Research on ad hoc networks has been extensively investigated in the past few years and related work has focused on many of the layers of the communications architecture. This research intends to investigate applications of MANET for intelligent systems, including intelligent transportation system (ITS), sensor network and mobile intelligent robot network, and propose some approaches to topology management, link layer multiple access and routing algorithms. Their performance is evaluated by theoretical analysis and off-the-shelf simulation tools. Most current research on ad hoc networks assumes the availability of IEEE 802.11. However, the RTS/CTS protocol of 802.11 still leads to packet collision which in turn decreases the network throughput and lifetime. For sensor networks, sensors are mostly battery operated. Hence, resolving packet collision may improve network lifetime by saving valuable power. Using space and network diversity combination, this work proposes a new packet separation approach to packet collision caused by masked nodes. Inter-vehicle communication is a key component of ITS and it is also called vehicular ad hoc network. VANET has many features different from regular MANETs in terms of mobility, network size and connectivity. Given rapid topology changes and network partitioning, this work studies how to organize the numerous vehicular nodes and establish message paths between any pair of vehicular nodes if they are not apart too far away. In urban areas, the inter-vehicle communication has different requirements and constraints than highway environments. The proposed position-based routing strategy for VANETs utilizes the traffic pattern in city environments. Packets are forwarded based on traffic lights timing sequence and the moving direction of relaying vehicles. A multicast protocol is also introduced to visualize the real time road traffic with customized scale. Only vehicles related to a source node\u27s planned trajectory will reply the query packet. The visualized real time traffic information therefore helps the driver make better decision in route planning when traffic congestion happens. Nowadays robots become more and more powerful and intelligent. They can take part in operations in a cooperative manner which makes distributed control necessary. Ad hoc robot communication network is still fresh field for researchers working on networking technology. This work investigates some key issues in robot ad hoc network and evaluate the challenges while establishing robot ad hoc networks

Study on QoS support in 802.11e-based multi-hop vehicular wireless ad hoc networks

Multimedia communications over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) will play an important role in the future intelligent transport system (ITS). QoS support for VANET therefore becomes an essential problem. In this paper, we first study the QoS performance in multi-hop VANET by using the standard IEEE 802.11e EDCA MAC and our proposed triple-constraint QoS routing protocol, Delay-Reliability-Hop (DeReHQ). In particular, we evaluate the DeReHQ protocol together with EDCA in highway and urban areas. Simulation results show that end-to-end delay performance can sometimes be achieved when both 802.11e EDCA and DeReHQ extended AODV are used. However, further studies on cross-layer optimization for QoS support in multi-hop environment are required

An evaluation methodology for reliable simulation based studies of routing protocols in VANETs

Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted much attention in the last decade. Many routing protocols have been proposed for VANETs and their performance is usually evaluated and compared using simulation-based studies. However, conducting reliable simulation studies is not a trivial task since many simulation parameters must be configured correctly. The selected parameters configuration can considerably affect the simulation results. This paper presents a methodology for conducting reliable simulations of routing protocols in VANETs urban scenarios. The proposed methodology includes relevant simulation aspects such as measurement period, selection of source-destination pairs for the communication traffic flows, number of simulations, mobility models based on road city maps, performance metrics and different analyses to evaluate routing protocols under different conditions. The proposed methodology is validated by comparing the simulation results obtained for Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol with and without using the proposed methodology. The obtained results confirm that by using the proposed methodology, we can achieve more reliable simulations of VANETs routing protocols.Universidad de Sevilla. V Plan Propio de InvestigaciónMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2013-44278-

Evaluación y diseño de un sistema de transporte urbano, mediante software de simulación de redes vehiculares VANET.

Esta investigación está enfocada en disminuir el tiempo de recorrido de los buses de trasporte urbano público por medio de redes vehiculares ad-hoc (Vehicular ad-hoc network, VANET), en el cuál se ha representado los parámetros de simulación tomando los datos de la investigación de campo para representarlos en un entorno simulado utilizando VANET. Los principales problemas en el tiempo de recorrido de los buses urbanos en ciudad de Riobamba son; el tiempo de parada y la congestión que se produce por diferentes factores tales como, flujo de tráfico vehicular alto, vehículos mal estacionados. Los resultados de la investigación muestran una idea de cómo inciden los parámetros de velocidad, congestión, tiempo de parada, distancia de parada en el tiempo de viaje final de las rutas del sistema de trasporte, esta investigación brinda soluciones tecnológicas, ya que, al hacer uso de simuladores de redes vehiculares, podemos crear escenarios apegados a la realidad y determinar que parámetros son los más influyentes al momento de diseñar un sistema de rutas. Se debe crear una central para controlar todo el sistema de trasporte urbano de la ciudad de Riobamba, por medio de redes VANET, ya que, por estudios realizados, esta tecnología si puede ser aplicada en la ciudad.This research is focused on reducing the of public urban transport buses travel time through vehicular ad-hoc networks (vehicular Ad-hoc network, VANET), in which the simulation parameters have been represented of the field research data to represent them in a simulated environment using VANET. The main problems of the urban buses travel time in the city of Riobamba are; the stoppage time and the traffic jam that occurs due to different factors such as: high traffic flow, badly parked vehicles. The results of the research show an idea of how the parameters of speed, congestion, stop time, stopping distance in the final travel time of the transportation system routes have a direct impact, this research provides technological solutions, since when using of simulators of vehicular networks, we can create scenarios attached to reality and determine which parameters are the most influential when designing a routes system. A buses central must be created to control the entire urban transport system of the Riobamba city, through VANET networks, since, trough studies which were carried out, this technology can be applied in the city

Evaluación y diseño de un sistema de transporte urbano, mediante software de simulación de redes vehiculares VANET.

Esta investigación está enfocada en disminuir el tiempo de recorrido de los buses de trasporte urbano público por medio de redes vehiculares ad-hoc (Vehicular ad-hoc network, VANET), en el cuál se ha representado los parámetros de simulación tomando los datos de la investigación de campo para representarlos en un entorno simulado utilizando VANET. Los principales problemas en el tiempo de recorrido de los buses urbanos en ciudad de Riobamba son; el tiempo de parada y la congestión que se produce por diferentes factores tales como, flujo de tráfico vehicular alto, vehículos mal estacionados. Los resultados de la investigación muestran una idea de cómo inciden los parámetros de velocidad, congestión, tiempo de parada, distancia de parada en el tiempo de viaje final de las rutas del sistema de trasporte, esta investigación brinda soluciones tecnológicas, ya que, al hacer uso de simuladores de redes vehiculares, podemos crear escenarios apegados a la realidad y determinar que parámetros son los más influyentes al momento de diseñar un sistema de rutas. Se debe crear una central para controlar todo el sistema de trasporte urbano de la ciudad de Riobamba, por medio de redes VANET, ya que, por estudios realizados, esta tecnología si puede ser aplicada en la ciudad.This research is focused on reducing the of public urban transport buses travel time through vehicular ad-hoc networks (vehicular Ad-hoc network, VANET), in which the simulation parameters have been represented of the field research data to represent them in a simulated environment using VANET. The main problems of the urban buses travel time in the city of Riobamba are; the stoppage time and the traffic jam that occurs due to different factors such as: high traffic flow, badly parked vehicles. The results of the research show an idea of how the parameters of speed, congestion, stop time, stopping distance in the final travel time of the transportation system routes have a direct impact, this research provides technological solutions, since when using of simulators of vehicular networks, we can create scenarios attached to reality and determine which parameters are the most influential when designing a routes system. A buses central must be created to control the entire urban transport system of the Riobamba city, through VANET networks, since, trough studies which were carried out, this technology can be applied in the city

The Dynamics of Vehicular Networks in Urban Environments

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) have emerged as a platform to support intelligent inter-vehicle communication and improve traffic safety and performance. The road-constrained, high mobility of vehicles, their unbounded power source, and the emergence of roadside wireless infrastructures make VANETs a challenging research topic. A key to the development of protocols for inter-vehicle communication and services lies in the knowledge of the topological characteristics of the VANET communication graph. This paper explores the dynamics of VANETs in urban environments and investigates the impact of these findings in the design of VANET routing protocols. Using both real and realistic mobility traces, we study the networking shape of VANETs under different transmission and market penetration ranges. Given that a number of RSUs have to be deployed for disseminating information to vehicles in an urban area, we also study their impact on vehicular connectivity. Through extensive simulations we investigate the performance of VANET routing protocols by exploiting the knowledge of VANET graphs analysis.Comment: Revised our testbed with even more realistic mobility traces. Used the location of real Wi-Fi hotspots to simulate RSUs in our study. Used a larger, real mobility trace set, from taxis in Shanghai. Examine the implications of our findings in the design of VANET routing protocols by implementing in ns-3 two routing protocols (GPCR & VADD). Updated the bibliography section with new research work