5,830 research outputs found
Self-Assembling of Networks in an Agent-Based Model
We propose a model to show the self-assembling of network-like structures
between a set of nodes without using preexisting positional information or
long-range attraction of the nodes. The model is based on Brownian agents that
are capable of producing different local (chemical) information and respond to
it in a non-linear manner. They solve two tasks in parallel: (i) the detection
of the appropriate nodes, and (ii) the establishment of stable links between
them. We present results of computer simulations that demonstrate the emergence
of robust network structures and investigate the connectivity of the network by
means of both analytical estimations and computer simulations. PACS: 05.65.+b,
89.75.Kd, 84.30.Bv, 87.18.SnComment: 10 pages, 8 figures. A video of the computer simulations can be found
at http://www.ais.fhg.de/~frank/network.html. After publication, this paper
was also included in: Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research 4/5
(September 1, 2002) and Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology
6/10 (September 2, 2002). For related work, see also
http://www.ais.fhg.de/~frank/active.htm
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The Role of Landscapes and Landmarks in Bee Navigation: A Review.
The ability of animals to explore landmarks in their environment is essential to their fitness. Landmarks are widely recognized to play a key role in navigation by providing information in multiple sensory modalities. However, what is a landmark? We propose that animals use a hierarchy of information based upon its utility and salience when an animal is in a given motivational state. Focusing on honeybees, we suggest that foragers choose landmarks based upon their relative uniqueness, conspicuousness, stability, and context. We also propose that it is useful to distinguish between landmarks that provide sensory input that changes ("near") or does not change ("far") as the receiver uses these landmarks to navigate. However, we recognize that this distinction occurs on a continuum and is not a clear-cut dichotomy. We review the rich literature on landmarks, focusing on recent studies that have illuminated our understanding of the kinds of information that bees use, how they use it, potential mechanisms, and future research directions
Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 141)
This special bibliography lists 267 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1975
Models for the Effects of G-seat Cuing on Roll-axis Tracking Performance
Including whole-body motion in a flight simulator improves performance for a variety of tasks requiring a pilot to compensate for the effects of unexpected disturbances. A possible mechanism for this improvement is that whole-body motion provides high derivative vehicle state information whic allows the pilot to generate more lead in responding to the external disturbances. During development of motion simulating algorithms for an advanced g-cuing system it was discovered that an algorithm based on aircraft roll acceleration producted little or no performance improvement. On the other hand, algorithms based on roll position or roll velocity produced performance equivalent to whole-body motion. The analysis and modeling conducted at both the sensory system and manual control performance levels to explain the above results are described
Sparse Inertial Poser: Automatic 3D Human Pose Estimation from Sparse IMUs
We address the problem of making human motion capture in the wild more
practical by using a small set of inertial sensors attached to the body. Since
the problem is heavily under-constrained, previous methods either use a large
number of sensors, which is intrusive, or they require additional video input.
We take a different approach and constrain the problem by: (i) making use of a
realistic statistical body model that includes anthropometric constraints and
(ii) using a joint optimization framework to fit the model to orientation and
acceleration measurements over multiple frames. The resulting tracker Sparse
Inertial Poser (SIP) enables 3D human pose estimation using only 6 sensors
(attached to the wrists, lower legs, back and head) and works for arbitrary
human motions. Experiments on the recently released TNT15 dataset show that,
using the same number of sensors, SIP achieves higher accuracy than the dataset
baseline without using any video data. We further demonstrate the effectiveness
of SIP on newly recorded challenging motions in outdoor scenarios such as
climbing or jumping over a wall.Comment: 12 pages, Accepted at Eurographics 201
What grid cells convey about rat location
We characterize the relationship between the simultaneously recorded quantities of rodent grid cell firing and the position of the rat. The formalization reveals various properties of grid cell activity when considered as a neural code for representing and updating estimates of the rat's location. We show that, although the spatially periodic response of grid cells appears wasteful, the code is fully combinatorial in capacity. The resulting range for unambiguous position representation is vastly greater than the ≈1–10 m periods of individual lattices, allowing for unique high-resolution position specification over the behavioral foraging ranges of rats, with excess capacity that could be used for error correction. Next, we show that the merits of the grid cell code for position representation extend well beyond capacity and include arithmetic properties that facilitate position updating. We conclude by considering the numerous implications, for downstream readouts and experimental tests, of the properties of the grid cell code
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