28,472 research outputs found
Introduction
This book investigates restructuring in the electronics industry and in
particular the impact of a \u2018Chinese\u2019 labour regime on work and employ -
ment practices in electronics assembly in Europe.1 Electronics is an
extremely dynamic sector, characterized by an ever-changing organi -
zational structure, as well as cut-throat competition, particularly in
manufacturing. Located primarily in East Asia, electronics assembly has
become notorious for poor working conditions, low unionisation and
authoritarian labour relations. However, hostile labour relations and topdown
HR policies are not unique to East Asia. They have become
associated with the way the sector is governed more broadly, with a
number of Western companies also coming to rely on such practices
Can Synergy in Triple-Helix Relations be Quantified? A Review of the Development of the Triple-Helix Indicator
Triple-Helix arrangements of bi- and trilateral relations can be considered
as adaptive eco-systems. During the last decade, we have further developed a
Triple-Helix indicator of synergy as reduction of uncertainty in niches that
can be shaped among three or more distributions. Reduction of uncertainty can
be generated in correlations among distributions of relations, but this
(next-order) effect can be counterbalanced by uncertainty generated in the
relations. We first explain the indicator, and then review possible results
when this indicator is applied to (i) co-author networks of academic,
industrial, and governmental authors and (ii) synergies in the distributions of
firms over geographical addresses, technological classes, and industrial-size
classes for a number of nations. Co-variation is then considered as a measure
of relationship. The balance between globalizing and localizing dynamics can be
quantified. Too much synergy locally can also be considered as lock-in.
Tendencies are different for the globalizing knowledge dynamics versus locally
retaining wealth from knowledge in industrial innovations
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