The Gas Transportation Network as a ‘Lego’ Game: How to Play with It?

Gas transportation networks exhibit a quite substantial variety of technical and economical properties ranges roughly from an entrenched natural monopoly to near to an open competition platform. This empirical fact is widely known and accepted. However the corresponding frame of network analysis is lacking or quite fuzzy. As an infrastructure, can a gas network evolve or not from a natural monopoly (an essential facility) to an open infrastructure (a highway facility)? How can it be done with the same transportation infrastructure components within the same physical gas laws? Our paper provides a unified analytical frame for all types of gas transportation networks. It shows that gas transport networks are made of several components which can be combined in different ways. This very lego property of gas networks permits different designs with different economic properties while a certain infrastructural base and set of gas laws is common to all transportation networks. Therefore the notion of gas transportation network as a general and abstract concept does not have robust economic properties. The variety and modularity of gas networks come from the diversity of components, the variety of components combinations and the historical inclusion of components in the network. First, a gas network can combine different types of network components (primary or secondary ones). Second, the same components can be combined in different ways (notably regarding actual connections and flow paths). Third, as a capital-intensive infrastructure combining various specific assets, gas transportation networks show strong path dependency properties as they evolve slowly over time by moving from an already existing base. The heterogeneity of gas networks as sets of components comes firstly from the heterogeneity of the network components themselves, secondly from the different possibilities to combine these components and thirdly from the ‘path dependence’ character of gas network constructions. These three characteristics of gas networks explain the diversity of economic proprieties of the existent gas networks going from natural monopoly to competitive markets.

Joint University Program for Air Transportation Research, 1981

Navigation, guidance, control and display concepts, and hardware, with special emphasis on applications to general aviation aircraft are discussed

Aspekte der Verkehrstelematik – ausgewählte Veröffentlichungen 2013

Der vierte Band der Schriftenreihe Verkehrstelematik stellt die intermodalen Forschungsthemen und ihre praktischen Anwendungen der Professur für Verkehrsleitsysteme und -prozessautomatisierung an der Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften „Friedrich List“ der Technischen Universität Dresden mit ausgewählten Veröffentlichungen des Jahres 2013 vor. Die Schwerpunkte der Forschungsarbeit liegen einerseits im Bereich der energieoptimalen Steuerung im Schienenverkehr und zugehörigen Fahrerassistenzsystemen, andererseits auf dem Verkehrsmanagement des Straßenverkehrs. Die energieoptimale Steuerung im Schienenverkehr wird mittels Fahrerassistenzsystemen nicht nur im Eisenbahnverkehr, beispielsweise auf den Zügen des Harz-Elbe-Express, sondern auch auf Straßenbahn- und U-Bahn-Fahrzeugen umgesetzt. Darüber hinaus werden die Methoden und Verfahren der energieoptimalen Steuerung im Rahmen von Ansätzen für ein modularisiertes Verkehrsmanagement bei Eisenbahnen verwendet. Das Verkehrsmanagementsystem der Stadt Dresden VAMOS bildet die Basis für den zweiten Forschungsschwerpunkt. Hierbei werden im vorliegenden Band einerseits Möglichkeiten untersucht, den Straßenverkehr mikroskopisch zu simulieren und dabei die Verkehrszustandsdaten des VAMOS einfließen zu lassen. Andererseits wird der Frage nachgegangen, in wie weit man anhand der im System vorhandenen Floating-Car-Daten Straßensperrungen sicher identifizieren kann. Zu beiden Forschungsschwerpunkten sind fünf weitere Artikel im Rahmen der vom Lehrstuhl organisierten internationalen Konferenz „3rd Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (3. MT-ITS)“ entstanden. Diese Beiträge sind im Konferenzband als dritter Band der vorliegenden Schriftenreihe Verkehrstelematik bereits erschienen

Control of Energy Storage

Energy storage can provide numerous beneficial services and cost savings within the electricity grid, especially when facing future challenges like renewable and electric vehicle (EV) integration. Public bodies, private companies and individuals are deploying storage facilities for several purposes, including arbitrage, grid support, renewable generation, and demand-side management. Storage deployment can therefore yield benefits like reduced frequency fluctuation, better asset utilisation and more predictable power profiles. Such uses of energy storage can reduce the cost of energy, reduce the strain on the grid, reduce the environmental impact of energy use, and prepare the network for future challenges. This Special Issue of Energies explore the latest developments in the control of energy storage in support of the wider energy network, and focus on the control of storage rather than the storage technology itself

Multiobjective Optimization of the Power Flow Control of Hybrid Electric Power Train Systems within Simulation and Experimental Emulation Applications

In this thesis, the power flow control of hybrid electric power train systems is discussed using the focus of multiobjective optimization goals and related algorithms, based on different control optimization methods, are developed and applied within simulation and experimental environments. Based on the basic relations of hybrid power train systems, an improved technique for the experimental realization and evaluation of these systems is developed and the related Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) hybrid electric power train emulation system is demonstrated. Hereby, it is shown that this emulation system technique is suitable to be applied for a more generalized view of the power train structures (consideration of the components as power sources, sinks, transmission elements, storage elements etc.) and its power flow control. The principal applicability of the system is demonstrated using the example of a hybrid electric vehicle as well as other system technologies such as hybrid hydraulic power trains and wind energy conversion systems. The core of the thesis is the discussion, development, application, and evaluation of power flow control optimization algorithms. Hereby, the considered power flow control techniques of the power train are realized with respect to a multiobjective framework using the example of drivability, fuel economy, and component life time as system requirements to be optimized during the operation. From this requirements, a multiobjective control optimization problem results consisting of a suitable combination of the known control goals power management, energy management, and lifetime management is realized. After a discussion about the principal influences of the power flow control on the different performance properties, the application of different control optimization techniques is discussed. Hereby, the example of a fuel cell/supercapacitor-based hybrid electric power train system including braking energy recovery is used. As control optimization methods, parameter optimization techniques are applied at first. Hereby, an embedded-online optimization based on a Golden Section search and an offline optimization based on Global Optimation methods are discussed and applied. Furthermore, direct optimization techniques based on Dynamic Programming (DP) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) are realized. Subsequently, an Instantaneous Optimality (IO)-based technique, which consists of a lookup table-based Time-Invariant Feedback Controller technique, is developed. It becomes clear that all methods leads to suitable results and significant improvement of the control performance. A concluding overview of the methods and its strengths and weaknesses dependent on the application is provided.In dieser Arbeit wird die Leistungsflussregelung bei hybridelektrischen Antriebssystemen mit dem Schwerpunkt der Mehrkriterienoptimierung diskutiert. Hierbei werden geeignete Algorithmen, basierend auf verschiedenen Stellgrößenoptimierungsmethoden, entwickelt und in Simulationen sowie in experimentellem Umfeld angewendet. Aufbauend auf die Grundzusammenhänge hybrider Antriebssysteme wird eine weiterentwickelte experimentelle Umgebung zur Untersuchung und Bewertung vorgestellt und der entsprechende Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL)-Versuchsstand zur Emulation entsprechender Systeme demonstriert. Diese Emulationstechnik erlaubt eine generalisierte Betrachtung von Antriebssystemstrukturen (Betrachtung der Komponenten als Quellen, Senken, Übertragungselemente, Speicher etc.) und der entsprechenden Leistungsflussregelung. Den Hauptteil dieser Arbeit bildet die Diskussion sowie die Entwicklung, Anwendung und Bewertung von Algorithmen zur Optimierung der Leistungsflussregelung hybridelektrischer Antriebssysteme. In diesem Zusammenhang erfolgt eine mehrkriterielle Betrachtung und Bewertung des Antriebssystems in Hinblick auf die Dynamik, die Kraftstoffökonomie und die Komponentenlebensdauer. Das hieraus resultierende mehrkriterielle Optimierungsproblem der Stellgrößenfolge kann hierbei als Überlagerung von Leistungs-, Energie- und Lebensdauermanagement aufgefasst werden. Basierend auf den Haupteinflüssen der Leistungsflussregelungen auf verschiedene Systemeigenschaften erfolgt die Entwicklung, Anwendung, Bewertung und Diskussion verschiedener Stellgrößenoptimierungsmethoden und -algorithmen. Diese werden am Beispiel eines Brennstoffzellen/Supercap-basierten hybridelektrischen Antriebssystems mit Bremsenergierekuperation demonstriert. Zur Optimierung der Leistungsflussregelung werden als erstes Parameteroptimierungstechniken vorgestellt, wobei eine Embedded-online-Optimierung basierend auf der Methode des Goldenen Schnitts sowie eine Offline-Optimierung unter Verwendung von globalen Optimierungsalgorithmen diskutiert und angewendet werden. Nachfolgend werden direkte Stellgrößenoptimierungstechniken vorgestellt, wobei die Verfahren der Dynamischen Programmierung und des Modelprädiktiven Reglers realisiert werden. Abschließend wird die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Algorithmus basierend auf der momentanen Optimalität (Instantaneous Optimality) diskutiert, welcher aus einem kombinierten Geschwindigkeits-Prädiktionsalgorithmus und vordefinierten Kennfeldern für die Regelung besteht. Die verwendeten Methoden werden vergleichend gegenübergestellt und gemäß ihrer Stärken und Schwächen bewertet

Volume 3 – Conference

We are pleased to present the conference proceedings for the 12th edition of the International Fluid Power Conference (IFK). The IFK is one of the world’s most significant scientific conferences on fluid power control technology and systems. It offers a common platform for the presentation and discussion of trends and innovations to manufacturers, users and scientists. The Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems at the TU Dresden is organizing and hosting the IFK for the sixth time. Supporting hosts are the Fluid Power Association of the German Engineering Federation (VDMA), Dresdner Verein zur Förderung der Fluidtechnik e. V. (DVF) and GWT-TUD GmbH. The organization and the conference location alternates every two years between the Chair of Fluid-Mechatronic Systems in Dresden and the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Systems in Aachen. The symposium on the first day is dedicated to presentations focused on methodology and fundamental research. The two following conference days offer a wide variety of application and technology orientated papers about the latest state of the art in fluid power. It is this combination that makes the IFK a unique and excellent forum for the exchange of academic research and industrial application experience. A simultaneously ongoing exhibition offers the possibility to get product information and to have individual talks with manufacturers. The theme of the 12th IFK is “Fluid Power – Future Technology”, covering topics that enable the development of 5G-ready, cost-efficient and demand-driven structures, as well as individual decentralized drives. Another topic is the real-time data exchange that allows the application of numerous predictive maintenance strategies, which will significantly increase the availability of fluid power systems and their elements and ensure their improved lifetime performance. We create an atmosphere for casual exchange by offering a vast frame and cultural program. This includes a get-together, a conference banquet, laboratory festivities and some physical activities such as jogging in Dresden’s old town.:Group 8: Pneumatics Group 9 | 11: Mobile applications Group 10: Special domains Group 12: Novel system architectures Group 13 | 15: Actuators & sensors Group 14: Safety & reliabilit

Vehicle and Traffic Safety

The book is devoted to contemporary issues regarding the safety of motor vehicles and road traffic. It presents the achievements of scientists, specialists, and industry representatives in the following selected areas of road transport safety and automotive engineering: active and passive vehicle safety, vehicle dynamics and stability, testing of vehicles (and their assemblies), including electric cars as well as autonomous vehicles. Selected issues from the area of accident analysis and reconstruction are discussed. The impact on road safety of aspects such as traffic control systems, road infrastructure, and human factors is also considered

Computer Controlled Urban Transportation: A Survey of Concepts, Methods, and International Experiences

This book is concerned with the present and future traffic problems in the developing and developed world. It examines possible solutions to those problems based on technological innovations and implementing large-scale computerized traffic and transportation control systems. It discusses the basic concepts and methods for control and automation that have been proposed, developed, and implemented, and experience from real applications of these in different cities and nations