27,720 research outputs found
Lifting export performance. Actions to drive growth in exports
This report aims to provide an independent view on options for New Zealand firms, business organisations and government to boost export growth
Network and firm antecedents of spin-offs: Motherhooding spin-offs
We advance firm and network conditions that are favorable for the gestation of new spin-offs by entrepreneurial employees that exit the mother firm to constitute their own companies. This type of entrepreneurial activity has some unique characteristics. We suggest that spin-offs from certain parent firms have fundamental network benefits that increase their likelihood of survival and success. These benefits accrue on the form of social resources and a unique embeddedness in networks of other offspring and mother firms, and do not require the spin-offs to engage in any direct exchanges with the parent firm. The process which we call 'motherhood' highlights the potential for a mother-progeny and child-child model that promotes entrepreneurial action through spin-offs, and allow us to understand the conditions under which interorganizational networks of firms emerge and thrive as an entrepreneurial process. We conclude that considering a motherhood process, with the characteristics defined in this paper, contributes to the study of entrepreneurship and network evolution.Entrepreneurship, spin-offs, motherhood, network benefits
A Climate of Disorder: What to do About the Obstacles to Effective Climate Politics
The emphasis on general distributive principles in the climate justice literature has left significant gaps regarding the problem of weak climate governance. The main contribution of this chapter is to show how normative theory can contribute to addressing the apparent political incapacity to respond to the threat of climate disruption. The chapter argues that a set of six underlying obstacles to effective climate change politics can serve as a framework around which ‘non-ideal’ normative theorizing about climate politics can be organized. Policies and other tactics to mediate the six obstacles are shown to raise distinct normative issues in need of deeper analysis
A Balancing-Process Approach to Firm Internationalization
Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm, this paper develops a balancing-process approach to explain the motivations and location choices of foreign direct investment (FDI). In this approach, FDI is viewed as a means to balance a firm's portfolio of resources and capabilities through utilizing foreign strategic factor markets with the ultimate goal of achieving growth and sustainable competitive advantage. This approach joins exploitative and explorative FDI in a single framework and helps explain why a firm can conduct both types of FDI simultaneously.
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Theorizing Risk and Research: Methodological Constraints and Their Consequences
Conflict, postconflict settings, and other risky research sites are important with wide-ranging policy implications. Microlevel, field-based research lends critical insights to how conflicts work and the mechanisms behind macrolevel correlations that underpin quantitative political science. This article identifies how the risks associated with conflict and postconflict contexts influence researchers’ choices by theorizing the existence of distinct adaptive strategies. Specifically, researchers facing elevated risk generally manage it through three main strategies: outsourcing risk, avoiding risk, and internalizing risk. We argue that these strategies systematically shape and circumscribe outputs. We conclude by discussing how the relationship between risky fieldwork and what we know about conflict is poorly acknowledged. Thinking about how we manage risk should play a larger role in both our preparation for and interpretation of research, particularly in conflict and postconflict contexts
Organizing for Fluidity? Dilemmas of New Organizational Forms
An important new stream of thought stressing the importance of organizational
fluidity has emerged in recent years. It represents a reaction to the
increasing complexity and environmental turbulence that organizations have to
master. The solutions proposed are highly flexible and fluid organizational
forms, based on relentlessly changing templates, quick improvisation, and ad-
hoc responses. This approach is in sharp contrast to other recent
organizational research that emphasizes identity, path dependence, economies
of specialization, and recursive practices. We juxtapose the idea of
organizational fluidity with this latter stream of research. If taken to its
final conclusion, then the idea of promoting organizational fluidity would
imply losing the very essence of organizing. Nevertheless, achieving
organizational flexibility remains imperative in increasingly complex and
volatile environments. To deal with this dilemma, an alternative approach is
needed. We suggest a conceptualization of this dilemma that emphasizes the
complementary dynamics between the two perspectives. We therefore provide an
alternative conception that favors the idea of balancing countervailing
processes in organizations with respect to the conflicting demands of
organizational efficiency and fluidity
Accounting for competitive advantage: The resource-based view of the firm and the labour theory of value
This article uses accounting concepts to assist the field of strategic
management in its search for a theory of value, competitive advantage and
superior profitability. Specifically, it argues that the resource-based view of
the firm requires a labour theory of value creation. Using the circuit of
capital as an organizing framework this article integrates RBV and Marx's value
theory, by introducing the notion of value as socially necessary labour time,
into the analysis of resource-based advantage. This enables us to identify the
impact of particular sources of competitive advantage as they become diffused
through an industry. Some resource-based advantages, when eventually imitated
lead to an overall reduction in industry profitability, and other advantages
lead to increases in industry average profitability
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