Machine Learning in Manufacturing: Review, Synthesis, and Theoretical Framework

There has been a paradigmatic shift in manufacturing as computing has transitioned from the programmable to the cognitive computing era. In this paper we present a theoretical framework for understanding this paradigmatic shift in manufacturing and the fast evolving role of artificial intelligence. Policy, Strategic and Operational implications are discussed. Implications for the future of strategy and operations in manufacturing are also discussed. Future research directions are presented

Цифровая трансформация логистики и управление цепями поставок: тенденции развития и возможности

The article is devoted to the strategic directions for the development of digital transformation of logistics and supply chain management in the prime of the fourth industrial revolution. The main driving forces in the process of accelerating the digitalization of logistics and supply chain management are described, which include artificial intelligence, augmented reality, blockchain, Internet of things, 3D-printing, virtual reality, robotes and drones. The importance of these strategic directions for the sustainable development of digitalization as a key driver of economic growth was noted

Lean Accounting: A Connection to Strategic Partnership & Collaboration Between Management Accountants and Operations Managers

Technological advances, such as automation and artificial intelligence, have transformed the accounting profession. There is a consensus in the academic and practitioner literature that management accountants must move from their traditional role into one that serves as a strategic partner. However, literature that examines how management accountants have moved from this traditional role to one that is more strategic is limited. This study combines concepts from three different literature streams to explore how utilizing lean accounting practices relate to management accountant’s participation in strategic decision making, partnership with operations managers, and overall operational performance in manufacturing firms utilizing a lean manufacturing strategy. This study found evidence that utilizing lean accounting (LA) practices on its own related to strategic partnership, collaboration, and operational performance. However, it found varying evidence of how these variables interacted with each other to ultimately impact operational performance. Implications of these findings, limitations, and future directions are discussed

Artificial Intelligence, CEO Turnover, and Directional Change in Firm Innovation

We examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in facilitating a change in innovation directions after a leadership change. Using patent data for firms that have gone through a CEO turnover, we find that firms with greater AI investment are more successful in changing their innovation directions. The effect of AI is driven principally by the continued development of innovation in areas that are modestly different from the past. Further analyses show that this effect is likely due to firms with AI investment that can enable strategic change in cultivating culture of exploring frontiers in innovation and managing R&D. A new CEO can direct more resources to the acquisition of employees with greater technological capabilities such as AI skills to facilitate the innovation change. Overall, our study sheds light on the value of AI in fostering the change in innovation directions during uncertain and turbulent times

The European map of artificial intelligence development policies : a comparative analysis

Objective: The aim of this paper is to discuss the management aspect of artificial intelligence development policy by the national regulators of the 27 European Union (EU) member states. The solutions formulated by three of them—Germany, France (as a pioneers), and Poland—are analyzed in depth. Conclusions: The obtained results allow us to conclude that out of 27 EU countries, only one has not yet prepared its strategic project on artificial intelligence (AI) development, while among the existing policies one can find significant differences in the approach to the matter of strategic management. Methodology: The research methods used are content analysis and comparative analysis of selected source documents. In the course of the deliberations presented, key legal acts concerning the areas of AI and modern technologies are cited. Practical applications: The presented work formulates a starting point for further research and directions of changes in the management of AI development policy. The attention of subsequent researchers should focus on the possibility of a detailed analysis of other documents published by EU member states, a comparison of policies of other countries across the world, and even an attempt to examine the global dimension of AI strategies. Originality: The article addresses the problem of creating law only following, rather than preceding, the emergence of technological changes, the lack of systemic regulation of AI tools and mechanisms, as well as the absence of integrated forms of international cooperation with a strategic and long-term dimension

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Military Training Simulation

This report is a survey of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology contributions to military training. It provides an overview of military training simulation and a review of instructional problems and challenges which can be addressed by AI. The survey includes current as well as potential applications of AI, with particular emphasis on design and system integration issues. Applications include knowledge and skills training in strategic planning and decision making, tactical warfare operations, electronics maintenance and repair, as well as computer-aided design of training systems. The report describes research contributions in the application of AI technology to the training world, and it concludes with an assessment of future research directions in this area

'Trojan Horse" Teaching

An advanced strategic behavior, which we term, “Trojan horse” teaching (ThT), is described. In this type of counteractive behavior, a “teacher”, ostensibly helping his or her rival to learn something, really teaches the rival useless or disadvantageous things. This interaction is an object of interdisciplinary research related to the theory of human capital, the theory of agency, knowledge management, the theory of conflict, and to social and educational psychology. Examples of ThT in real life, and results of experiential studies, including the administration of a survey concerning people’s beliefs about teaching “with evil intent”, and a set of experiments with participation of adults and children, have been described. Possible directions of artificial intelligence systems development related to ThT are described. General relations between: (a) counteraction to learning, and (b) development in spite of the counteraction are discussed