2,730 research outputs found
Compositional Verification for Autonomous Systems with Deep Learning Components
As autonomy becomes prevalent in many applications, ranging from
recommendation systems to fully autonomous vehicles, there is an increased need
to provide safety guarantees for such systems. The problem is difficult, as
these are large, complex systems which operate in uncertain environments,
requiring data-driven machine-learning components. However, learning techniques
such as Deep Neural Networks, widely used today, are inherently unpredictable
and lack the theoretical foundations to provide strong assurance guarantees. We
present a compositional approach for the scalable, formal verification of
autonomous systems that contain Deep Neural Network components. The approach
uses assume-guarantee reasoning whereby {\em contracts}, encoding the
input-output behavior of individual components, allow the designer to model and
incorporate the behavior of the learning-enabled components working
side-by-side with the other components. We illustrate the approach on an
example taken from the autonomous vehicles domain
A Model-based Approach for Designing Cyber-Physical Production Systems
The most recent development trend related to manufacturing is called "Industry 4.0". It proposes to transition from "blind" mechatronics systems to Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs). Such systems are capable of communicating with each other, acquiring and transmitting real-time production data. Their management and control require a structured software architecture, which is tipically referred to as the "Automation Pyramid". The design of both the software architecture and the components (i.e., the CPPSs) is a complex task, where the complexity is induced by the heterogeneity of the required functionalities. In such a context, the target of this thesis is to propose a model-based framework for the analysis and the design of production lines, compliant with the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In particular, this framework exploits the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) as a unified representation for the different viewpoints of a manufacturing system. At the components level, the structural and behavioral diagrams provided by SysML are used to produce a set of logical propositions about the system and components under design. Such an approach is specifically tailored towards constructing Assume-Guarantee contracts. By exploiting reactive synthesis techniques, contracts are used to prototype portions of components' behaviors and to verify whether implementations are consistent with the requirements. At the software level, the framework proposes a particular architecture based on the concept of "service". Such an architecture facilitates the reconfiguration of components and integrates an advanced scheduling technique, taking advantage of the production recipe SysML model. The proposed framework has been built coupled with the construction of the ICE Laboratory, a research facility consisting of a full-fledged production line. Such an approach has been adopted to construct models of the laboratory, to virtual prototype parts of the system and to manage the physical system through the proposed software architecture
Control and Communication Protocols that Enable Smart Building Microgrids
Recent communication, computation, and technology advances coupled with
climate change concerns have transformed the near future prospects of
electricity transmission, and, more notably, distribution systems and
microgrids. Distributed resources (wind and solar generation, combined heat and
power) and flexible loads (storage, computing, EV, HVAC) make it imperative to
increase investment and improve operational efficiency. Commercial and
residential buildings, being the largest energy consumption group among
flexible loads in microgrids, have the largest potential and flexibility to
provide demand side management. Recent advances in networked systems and the
anticipated breakthroughs of the Internet of Things will enable significant
advances in demand response capabilities of intelligent load network of
power-consuming devices such as HVAC components, water heaters, and buildings.
In this paper, a new operating framework, called packetized direct load control
(PDLC), is proposed based on the notion of quantization of energy demand. This
control protocol is built on top of two communication protocols that carry
either complete or binary information regarding the operation status of the
appliances. We discuss the optimal demand side operation for both protocols and
analytically derive the performance differences between the protocols. We
propose an optimal reservation strategy for traditional and renewable energy
for the PDLC in both day-ahead and real time markets. In the end we discuss the
fundamental trade-off between achieving controllability and endowing
flexibility
Automatic Generation of Hierarchical Contracts for Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems
With the growing scale of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), it is challenging to
maintain their stability under all operating conditions. How to reduce the
downtime and locate the failures becomes a core issue in system design. In this
paper, we employ a hierarchical contract-based resilience framework to
guarantee the stability of CPS. In this framework, we use Assume Guarantee
(A-G) contracts to monitor the non-functional properties of individual
components (e.g., power and latency), and hierarchically compose such contracts
to deduce information about faults at the system level. The hierarchical
contracts enable rapid fault detection in large-scale CPS. However, due to the
vast number of components in CPS, manually designing numerous contracts and the
hierarchy becomes challenging. To address this issue, we propose a technique to
automatically decompose a root contract into multiple lower-level contracts
depending on I/O dependencies between components. We then formulate a
multi-objective optimization problem to search the optimal parameters of each
lower-level contract. This enables automatic contract refinement taking into
consideration the communication overhead between components. Finally, we use a
case study from the manufacturing domain to experimentally demonstrate the
benefits of the proposed framework.Comment: \copyright 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted.
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Compositional Synthesis via a Convex Parameterization of Assume-Guarantee Contracts
We develop an assume-guarantee framework for control of large scale linear
(time-varying) systems from finite-time reach and avoid or infinite-time
invariance specifications. The contracts describe the admissible set of states
and controls for individual subsystems. A set of contracts compose correctly if
mutual assumptions and guarantees match in a way that we formalize. We propose
a rich parameterization of contracts such that the set of parameters that
compose correctly is convex. Moreover, we design a potential function of
parameters that describes the distance of contracts from a correct composition.
Thus, the verification and synthesis for the aggregate system are broken to
solving small convex programs for individual subsystems, where correctness is
ultimately achieved in a compositional way. Illustrative examples demonstrate
the scalability of our method
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